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How to Report Pearson’s r in APA Format (With Examples)

A Pearson Correlation Coefficient , often denoted r , measures the linear association between two variables.

It always takes on a value between -1 and 1 where:

  • -1 indicates a perfectly negative linear correlation between two variables
  • 0 indicates no linear correlation between two variables
  • 1 indicates a perfectly positive linear correlation between two variables

We use the following general structure to report a Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation between the two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , p = [p-value] .

Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round the p-value to three decimal places.
  • Round the value for r to two decimal places.
  • Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)
  • The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated as N – 2.

The following examples show how to report Pearson’s r in APA format in various scenarios.

Example 1: Hours Studied vs. Exam Score Received

A professor collected data for the number of hours studied and the exam score received for 40 students in his class. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.48 with a corresponding p-value of 0.002.

Here is how to report Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours studied and exam score.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Example 2: Time Spent Running vs. Body Fat

A doctor collected data for the number of hours spent running per week and body fat percentage for 35 patients. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be -0.37 with a corresponding p-value of 0.029.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours spent running and body fat percentage.   There was a negative correlation between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spend vs. Revenue Generated

A company collected data for the amount of money spent on advertising and the total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.71 with a corresponding p-value of 0.003.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between advertising spend and total revenue.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(13) = .71, p = .003.

Additional Resources

The following tutorials explain how to report other statistical tests and procedures in APA format:

How to Report Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples) How to Report Regression Results (With Examples) How to Report ANOVA Results (With Examples)

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How to Report Pearson's r (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient) in APA Style

The APA has precise requirements for reporting the results of statistical tests, which means as well as getting the basic format right, you need to pay attention to the placing of brackets, punctuation, italics, and so on.

Happily, the basic format for citing Pearson's r is not too complex, as you can see here (the color red means you substitute in the appropriate value from your study).

r ( degress of freedom ) = the r statistic , p = p value .

Imagine we have conducted a study of 40 students that looked at whether IQ scores and GPA are correlated. We might report the results like this:

IQ and GPA were found to be moderately positively correlated, r (38) = .34, p = .032.

Other Examples

The variables shoe size and height were found to be strongly correlated, r (128) = .89, p < .01.

Among the students of Hogwarts University, the number of hours playing Fortnite per week and midterm exam results were negatively correlated, r (78) = -.45, p < .001.

Here are some things you should watch out for.

1. There are two ways to report p values. The first way is to cite the alpha value as in the second example above. The second way, very much the preferred way in the age of computer aided calculations (and the way recommended by the APA), is to report the exact p value (as in our main example). If you report the exact p value, then you need to state your alpha level early in your results section. The other thing to note here is that if your p value is less than .001, it's conventional simply to state p < .001, rather than give the exact value.

2. The r statistic should be stated at 2 decimal places.

3. Remember to drop the leading 0 from both r and the p value (i.e., not 0.34, but rather .34).

4. You don't need to provide the formula for r .

5. Degrees of freedom for r is N - 2 (the number of data points minus 2).

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Report Correlation in APA Style using R: Text & Tables

In this post, you will learn how to report correlation according to APA. Adhering to APA (American Psychological Association) guidelines is crucial when reporting correlation analysis in academic research. Whether you are conducting research in psychology, cognitive hearing science, or cognitive science, APA style is often required by journals and conferences. This post will provide a step-by-step guide on reporting correlation in APA style using R, including creating tables.

To report correlation in APA style, we can follow a specific template that includes the, e.g. correlation method, sample size, degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient value, and p-value. APA 7th edition also recommends reporting confidence intervals for correlation coefficients. In R, we can use functions such as cor.test( ) to obtain these statistics for Pearson’s r and other correlation methods. Here is how we can report Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient according to APA:

report correlation apa

Table of Contents

R packages for reporting correlation results, requirements.

  • Template for Reporting Pearson’s Correlation (r) in APA Style:

Template for Reporting Spearman’s Rho in APA Style:

Template for reporting kendall’s tau in apa style:, report pearson’s correlation apa, reporting spearman’s correlation apa 7 style with r, kendall’s tau correlation results apa style, apa format correlation table using apatables, 1: load the packages, 2: create a correlation matrix in r, 3: calculate and add mean and standard deviation, 4: create the apa table in r, apatables vs. rempsyc, conclusion: reporting correlation results in apa style with r.

The outline of this post is to provide you with a comprehensive guide to reporting correlation results in APA style using R. Before diving into the specifics, we will discuss the requirements, including installing several R packages. Next, we’ll explore the necessary data and how to report correlation results for Pearson’s correlation (r), Spearman’s Rho, and Kendall’s Tau. Furthermore, we will provide templates for each reporting style and explain how to create a correlation matrix in R.

In the following section, we will guide you through reporting Pearson’s, Spearman’s, and Kendall’s correlation coefficients in APA 7 style using R. We will also show you how to create a correlation table in APA format using the apaTables and rempsyc packages. We will also walk you through the four steps to create an APA formatted table in R: loading the packages, creating a correlation matrix, calculating and adding mean and standard deviation, and creating the table itself. By the end of the post, you’ll have the tools and knowledge to report your correlation results in APA style confidently. Finally, we will compare apaTables and rempsyc for creating APA tables, highlighting some of the pros and cons of each.

There are several R packages available that can help researchers report their results in APA style. One such package is the apaTables package, which provides functions for creating APA-style tables of descriptive statistics, ANOVA results, and correlation matrices. In this post, we will use the apaTables and rempsyc packages. We will also use the report package. This package is also useful for creating APA-style reports, including tables, figures, and statistical analyses. Note the report package is part of the easystats packages, which is a set of very helpful packages (e.g., correlation). Another useful package is papaja , which allows researchers to write APA-style manuscripts in RMarkdown format. Other packages that can be helpful for APA-style reporting include ggplot2 and dplyr . With these packages and others like them, researchers can easily generate high-quality reports and manuscripts that meet APA style guidelines.

To follow this blog post, you should understand R programming concepts, such as data manipulation, syntax, and regular expressions. Additionally, you will need to have some packages installed, including tidyverse , report , corrr , apaTables , and rempsyc .

To install the packages, you can use the install.packages() function followed by the package name within quotation marks. For example, to install tidyverse , you can type install.packages("tidyverse") into the console.

If you plan to use apaTables , you may only need to install that package, as it includes many other necessary packages. However, if you plan to use rempsyc , you must install all the required packages separately. Note it is also recommended that you update R to the latest version .

In this blog post, we will be using tidyverse packages such as dplyr , magittr , and tidyr , to manipulate data. We will also be using the corrr package to create a correlation matrix. Finally, we will use the rempsyc package to create an APA-formatted table of the correlation results.

Here is an example dataset we can use practicing reporting and creating correlation tables following APA 7 style in R:

In the code chunk above, we generated two correlation matrices using the matrix function. The first matrix was for the three Span variables, and the second was for the three Effect variables. We then used the mvrnorm function from the mvtnorm package to generate 100 observations for each of the variables. We assigned these observations to separate data frames using as.data.frame and then used rename from the dplyr package to give them meaningful names.

To create the correlation between the Working Memory Capacity and Inhibition variables, we used the mutate function from dplyr to modify the Working Memory Capacity variables. We multiplied each variable by 0.75 and added 0.25 times the corresponding Effect variable. This gave us Span variables that were moderately correlated with the Effect variables, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.31.

In the code chunk, we used the MASS and dplyr packages to generate and manipulate data for six variables with different correlation structures, allowing for the simulation of complex relationships between variables commonly used in cognitive psychology research. Here is a quick overview of the data:

how to report pearson's r in apa

Here we get a quick view of how the variables are correlated:

how to report pearson's r in apa

In the next section, we will provide a detailed step-by-step guide on obtaining and reporting correlation statistics in APA style using R, along with examples of how to customize the output to meet specific requirements.

How to Report Correlation Results in APA 7

This section will provide text templates for reporting Pearson’s R, Spearman’s Rho, and Kendall’s Tau in APA style. These templates can be used to report the results of correlation analyses in research articles, theses, and dissertations.

Template for Reporting Pearson’s Correlation ( r ) in APA Style:

Here is a template you can use to report Pearson’s correlation according to APA 7:

Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between [Variable X] and [Variable Y] (r = [correlation coefficient], p < [p-value], 95% CI [lower bound, upper bound], N = [sample size]).

Here is a template you can use to report Spearman’s correlation according to APA:

Spearman’s rho was used to assess the relationship between [Variable X] and [Variable Y] ( ρ = [correlation coefficient], N = [sample size], p < [p-value].

Here is how you can report Kendall’s Tau using APA style:

Kendall’s tau-b was used to assess the relationship between [Variable X] and [Variable Y] ( τ_b = [correlation coefficient], p < [p-value].

In the next section, we will look at how we can use the R package report for reporting correlation results according to APA format.

How to Report Correlation Results in APA Style in R

Here is how to calculate Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient in R and use the report() function:

In the code chunk above, we used the library function to load the report and magrittr packages into our R environment.

Next, we used the %$% operator from the magrittr package to avoid repeatedly referring to the dataframe we are working with. Then, we used the cor.test function to calculate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the Stroop and Flanker variables in our data frame.

Finally, we passed the output of cor.test to the report function to generate a report of the correlation analysis. Here is the output:

reporting correlation in r

As you can see, it is not how we should report correlation according to APA. We need to adjust the output from the report() function:

In the code chunk above, the report generated using results.r is stored in report_output variable. Then, the summary() function removes the first sentence from the report. Finally, gsub() function is used to italicize the statistical letters, which are identified using the regular expression \\b(r|CI|t|p)\\b . Note that “|” means “or” in R .

report correlation APA

As you can see, it does not entirely follow our previous templates, but it will do.

Here is another example of how we can use R to report correlation results In APA style:

In the code chunk above, gsub() is used to modify the report text generated from report() function. We use gsub() to replace “rho =” with “ r s =” in the report_output variable. Next, we remove “, S = [0-9]+\.[0-9]+” using regex from the report_output . The third gsub() replaces the closing parenthesis in report_output with “, n = {sample size})” using n extracted from the data. We use gsub() a fourth time to italicize the letter “p” in report_output . Finally, the fifth gsub() swaps the places of “ n = {sample size}” and “ p {comparison} {value}” in report_output using regex.

Here is a third example. Here we report Kendall’s Tau according to APA style:

In the code chunk above, we compute Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient. Using gsub() , we first replace “tau =” with “ r τ =” in report_output. Then, we remove “, z =” and the corresponding value from report_output using another gsub() . Lastly, we italicize “p” using a third gsub() . All of these operations are done using the pipe operator. Here is the generated text that follows reporting correlation (Kendall’s tau) in APA style:

Now that we know how to report correlations according to APA 7 using R, we can also use RMarkdown to create APA tables. To create these tables, we need to generate a correlation matrix. This will allow us to easily view all the correlations in our dataset and report them clearly and concisely. Using R and RMarkdown, we can streamline the process of creating APA tables and ensure that they meet the necessary formatting guidelines.

Here is how to get apa correlation table in R:

In the code chunk above, we use the apaTables package to create an APA-style correlation table.

The apa.cor.table() function takes in our data object and generates a correlation matrix according to APA 7 guidelines.

We specify the filename argument to save the table in a Word document named “APA_Correlation_Table.doc”. Additionally, we specify the table.number argument to set the table number as “Table 1”.

That was simple. These few lines of code will create an APA 7-compliant correlation table in R and save it to a Word document for reporting and analysis purposes. Here is the output:

Correlation results in APA table in R

In addition, it is worth mentioning that apaTables is not only capable of creating APA-style correlation tables but also ANOVA tables, regression tables, and more. However, a drawback of using apaTables is that the output can only be saved as Word files and cannot be easily included in PDF or HTML reports. Therefore, we will look at how to use the rempsyc package to report correlation results in an APA formatted table.

How to Report Correlation Results in a APA Formatted Table in R

Here are the steps for creating an APA 7 formatted correlation matrix using the nice_table() function from the rempsyc package:

First, we need to load the corrr and rempsyc packages:

Next, we will create the correlation matrix using correlate() :

In the code chunk above, we are computing a correlation matrix using the correlate() function from the corrr package. Next, we remove the first row and last column of the correlation matrix using slice() and select() functions. Finally, we remove the upper triangle of the matrix and replace those values with NAs using shave() . Note how we used the dplyr’s select() to remove a column in R . In the following step, we will calculate and add the mean and the standard deviation to the dataframe.

The third step is to calculate and add mean and standard deviation to the correlation matrix:

In the code chunk above, we first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the dataset. Next, we transform the data from wide to long format using pivot_longer() . We separate the variable names into two columns: “term” and “Stat”. To maintain the order of the variables in the long format, we change the “term” column to a factor with unique levels. Then, we spread the data so that we have two columns: “mean” and “sd”. After that, we add the correlation matrix to the table using left_join() and by = "term" . Finally, we remove the last column of the table using select(-last_col()) and round.

Here is how to use the nice_table() function to generate an APA formatted correlation table in R:

In the code chunk above, we create an APA-formatted correlation table using the rempsyc package’s nice_table function. First, we rename a column to “Variable” with rename() . Then, we use nice_table() to create the table. We set the second and third columns (mean and standard deviation) to be in italics using italics = 2:3 . We add a title and a note with the title and note arguments, respectively. The note specifies that “M” and “SD” are used to represent mean and standard deviation.

We can also save the APA formatted table in R a .docx file:

Here are the correlation results in a table formatted according to APA 7:

reporting correlation using an APA table in R

As you may have noticed, we had to write more code than when using the apaTables package.

apaTables is a straightforward package with a single function for creating APA-style tables. It allows for quick and easy creation of tables and is useful for those who do not want to spend much time customizing their tables. However, a downside of apaTables is that it only works for creating Word documents, not PDFs.

In contrast, rempsyc requires more coding but provides many table customization options. rempsyc can create tables in both Word and PDF formats, making it a more versatile option. Additionally, rempsyc includes several functions for creating tables with descriptive statistics, regression results, and more. However, as you have seen above, we would have to calculate the confidence interval when using rempsyc .

In summary, apaTables is a good option for those who want a quick and easy solution for creating simple APA-style tables in Word documents. However, if you need more customization options or want to create tables in PDF format, rempsyc might be a better choice despite requiring more coding.

This blog post covered different R packages and templates for reporting correlation results in APA style. It also explained the requirements for following the post, including basic R knowledge and installing necessary packages. The post demonstrated how to report Pearson’s r, Spearman’s rho, and Kendall’s tau correlation results. It also showed how to create an APA-formatted table using the apaTables package and customize a table using rempsyc . The post outlined the steps for creating a correlation matrix, adding mean and standard deviation, and creating an APA table.

While apaTables offers a simple solution for creating an APA-formatted table, it cannot be saved as a PDF. In contrast, rempsyc provides more customization options but requires more coding.

To conclude, this blog post provided a comprehensive guide for reporting correlation results in APA style using R. If you found this post helpful, please share it on social media and leave a comment to let us know your thoughts.

Here are other resources you might find helpful:

  • How to Convert a List to a Dataframe in R – dplyr
  • Papaja – APA manuscripts made easy
  • R Count the Number of Occurrences in a Column using dplyr
  • Countif function in R with Base and dplyr
  • How to Make a Residual Plot in R & Interpret Them using ggplot2
  • Plot Prediction Interval in R using ggplot2
  • How to Standardize Data in R
  • Sum Across Columns in R – dplyr & base
  • How to use %in% in R: 8 Example Uses of the Operator
  • How to Calculate Z Score in R

how to report pearson's r in apa

3 thoughts on “Report Correlation in APA Style using R: Text & Tables”

In your code, you load dplyr before MASS, so there is a namespace conflict for `select()` later on. It would be better to load MASS, then dplyr, else users might not know why the code is not working for them 🙂

“` r library(dplyr) library(MASS) #> Attaching package: ‘MASS’ #> The following object is masked from ‘package:dplyr’: #> #> select

# Now we add the correlation matrix corr_tab select(-last_col()) #> Error in select(mtcars, -last_col()): unused argument (-last_col()) “`

Created on 2023-05-09 with [reprex v2.0.2]( https://reprex.tidyverse.org )

Thank you for your comment. You are right. I forgot to flip that after noticing that error myself. I have now updated the code chunk. By the way, thanks for a great package (or packages, I should say. I also use lavaanExtra).

You are welcome! Thanks for featuring my work and for this thorough comparison on generating formatted correlation tables. It will be a good reference for everyone looking into this matter.

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  • More Networks

How to Report Pearson’s r in APA Format (With Examples)

A Pearson Correlation Coefficient , often denoted r , measures the linear association between two variables.

It always takes on a value between -1 and 1 where:

  • -1 indicates a perfectly negative linear correlation between two variables
  • 0 indicates no linear correlation between two variables
  • 1 indicates a perfectly positive linear correlation between two variables

We use the following general structure to report a Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation between the two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , p = [p-value] .

Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round the p-value to three decimal places.
  • Round the value for r to two decimal places.
  • Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)
  • The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated as N – 2.

The following examples show how to report Pearson’s r in APA format in various scenarios.

Example 1: Hours Studied vs. Exam Score Received

A professor collected data for the number of hours studied and the exam score received for 40 students in his class. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.48 with a corresponding p-value of 0.002.

Here is how to report Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours studied and exam score.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Example 2: Time Spent Running vs. Body Fat

A doctor collected data for the number of hours spent running per week and body fat percentage for 35 patients. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be -0.37 with a corresponding p-value of 0.029.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours spent running and body fat percentage.   There was a negative correlation between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spend vs. Revenue Generated

A company collected data for the amount of money spent on advertising and the total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.71 with a corresponding p-value of 0.003.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between advertising spend and total revenue.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(13) = .71, p = .003.

Additional Resources

The following tutorials explain how to report other statistical tests and procedures in APA format:

How to Report Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples) How to Report Regression Results (With Examples) How to Report ANOVA Results (With Examples)

How to Report the Results of a Repeated Measures ANOVA

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Statology

Zahlen Made Comfortable

How to Record Pearson’s r in APA Format (With Examples)

ADENINE Pearson Correlation Coefficient , often denoted r , measures the linear association between two types.

It always takes off a value amid -1 real 1 where:

  • -1 indicates a perfectly negative in-line correlation between two mobiles
  • 0 points no linear relationship amongst two variables
  • 1 indicates adenine perfectly positive linear correlated between two control

We use the following general structure to report an Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed on assess the one-dimensional association between [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation within the two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , pressure = [p-value] .

Stay include mind the following when news Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round the p-value to three decimal places.
  • Round the value since r to pair decimal places.
  • Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, cannot 0.77)
  • The degrees of freedom (df) a premeditated as NEWTON – 2.

The following examples show how to report Pearson’s r with APA format in various scenarios.

Example 1: Total Studied vs. Exam Score Received

A professor collected dates for the number of hours studied and which exam notch received for 40 students with his class. You found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the pair variables to be 0.48 at a comparable p-value of 0.002.

Here is how to report Pearson’s r to APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed the assess aforementioned line relationship between hour studied and exam score.   There was a positively correlation between the two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Example 2: Time Spent Going vs. Frame Fat

A doctor collected data for the number of hours spent running per week and body fat percentage with 35 patients. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient amidst the two variables go become -0.37 with an corresponding p-value of 0.029. An APA Publication Manual is commonly used for reporting research ergebnisse in the social plus native sciences. This story walks you by APA Style

Here will methods to report Pearson’s r in APA date:

ONE Pearson relationship coefficient were computed to assess the linear relationship bets hours spent running and body fat percentage.   There was one negative connection between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spend vs. Revenue Generated

A company collected data for the amount starting financial spent on publicity also to total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables on be 0.71 with a dementsprechend p-value of 0.003.

Here is wherewith to message Pearson’s roentgen in APA formats:

A Pearson correlation coefficient is calculated to assess the linear relationship between publicity spend both total revenue.   There was a negative relation between the two variables, r(13) = .71, piano = .003.

Additional Resources

The following tutorials explain select to report other statistical tests and procedures in APA format:

Whereby to Report Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples) How to Record Regression Results (With Examples) How to Report ANOVA Summary (With Examples)

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EZ SPSS Tutorials

Report Pearson Correlation Coefficient from SPSS in APA Style

In this tutorial we show you how to report a Pearson correlation coefficient performed in SPSS in APA style.  For additional information about formatting your reports, please refer to the APA Style website .

First, we provide two templates that you can use to report your Pearson correlation coefficients in APA style.  Then we show you how to populate these templates using your own SPSS output.  Finally, we show you two examples of Pearson correlation coefficient reports, one written using each of our APA style templates.

Templates for Reporting a Pearson Correlation Coefficient in APA Style

Two templates for reporting your Pearson correlation coefficients are below.  Use the first template if the relationship between your two variables is significant.  The relationship is significant if the  p value in the “Sig. (2-tailed)” rows of the Correlations table in the SPSS output (see (1) in the screenshot below) is less than or equal to the alpha level you selected for your test.  An alpha level of .05 is typical.

Use the second template if the relationship between your two variables is not significant.  The relationship is not significant if the  p value in the “Sig. (2-tailed)” rows of the Correlations table is greater than the alpha level you selected for your test.

Replace the [blue bold text in square brackets] in these templates with information from your own Pearson correlation coefficient.  The (red numbers in parentheses) correspond to numbers on the screenshot of SPSS output below and/or our notes and tips for writing your report (also below).

Template for Reporting a Pearson Correlation Coefficient When the Relationship Between Variables is Significant

A Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to evaluate the relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] . There was a significant [strength of relationship] (2) [direction of relationship] (3) relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] ,  r ([ N (4) -2 ]) =  [Pearson correlation ] (5) , p = [value of p ] (1) .

Template for Reporting a Pearson Correlation Coefficient When the Relationship Between Variables is Not Significant

A Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to evaluate the relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] . The results indicated that the relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] was not significant, r ([ N (4) -2 ]) =  [Pearson correlation] (5) , p = [value of p ] (1) .

Populating the Pearson Correlation Coefficient APA Template with Values from Your SPSS Output

The numbers on the screenshot of SPSS output below correspond to numbers in the APA templates above.  Use the values from your own SPSS output to populate the appropriate template.

Selected SPSS Output

The screenshot below is from a Pearson correlation coefficient that we performed in SPSS to evaluate the relationship between the number of questions that people answered correctly in a logic test and the amount of time in seconds that it took them to complete the test.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient SPSS Screenshots

Notes and Tips for Writing your Pearson Correlation Coefficient Report in APA Style

The APA Style Guide states: (a) that the first line of each paragraph should be indented 0.5 inches from the left margin; and (b) that the text should be double-spaced.

(1) Report the exact p value to two or three decimal places as per the SPSS output.  However, if the p value is .000, report it as < .001.  Do not add a leading zero to your  p value.  (Note, for example, that we have used < .001 rather than < 0.001 to report the p value in the first example below).

(2) and (3) : General guidelines for interpreting the strength (2) and direction (3) of the relationship between the two variables are presented in Table 1 below, but it should be noted that several other guidelines also exist.  In our example, the value of the Pearson Correlation is .094 (which we round to .09).  Since this is slightly below the weak positive range (.10 to .29), we may say that there is a very weak positive relationship between our two variables (the number of questions that people answered correctly in a logic test and the amount of time in seconds it took them to complete the test).

Guidelines for Interpreting Strength of Pearson Correlation Coefficient

(4) The value in the parentheses after r is N -2, the degrees of freedom ( df ) for the Pearson correlation coefficient.  In our example, N = 16,033 so the df is 16,031.

(5) Report the Pearson Correlation (the value of r ) to two decimal places.  Do not add a leading zero to this value.  (Note, for example, that we have used .09 and -.08 rather than 0.09 and -0.08 in the examples below).

Examples of Pearson Correlation Coefficient Reports Written in APA Style

A pearson correlation coefficient with a significant relationship between variables.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to evaluate the relationship between [the number of questions that people answered correctly in a logic test] and [the amount of time in seconds that it took them to complete the test] . There was a significant but [very weak] [positive] relationship between [the number of questions that people answered correctly] and [the amount of time in seconds that it took them to complete the test] ,  r ([ 16,031 ]) =  [.09] , p = [< .001] .

A Pearson Correlation Coefficient With No  Significant Relationship Between Variables

A Pearson correlation coefficient was performed to evaluate the relationship between [the distance that a person can throw a frisbee (in meters)] and [their score in an a Chemistry exam] . The results indicated that the relationship between [the distance that a person can throw a frisbee] and [their score in a Chemistry exam] was not significant, r ([ 38 ]) =  [-.08] , p = [.15] .

***************

That’s it for this tutorial. You should now be able to report the results of a Pearson correlation coefficient performed in SPSS in APA style.

Statology

Statistics Made Easy

How to Report Pearson’s radius in APA Format (With Examples)

A Pearson Correlation Collaborative , often denoted r , measures the in-line society between two variables.

She always takes on a value among -1 additionally 1 where:

  • -1 indicates an perfectly negative linear correlation amid two variables
  • 0 indicates no additive correlate between two variables
  • 1 indicates ampere perfectly positive linear correlation between double variables

We use an following general structure to report a Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation cooperator was computed to assess the additive relatives between [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation between the two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , pressure = [p-value] .

Keep in mind that following when reporting Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round the p-value to trio decimal places.
  • Rounded an value for r to two decimal places.
  • Drop the leads 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. benefit .77, nope 0.77)
  • The degrees on freedom (df) shall calculated as N – 2.

The followed samples show how to review Pearson’s r in APA arrangement in various scenarios.

Example 1: Working Studied vs. Exam Score Obtain

A professor collected dates for which number of hours researched and the exam score received for 40 students in his class. Your found the Persian regression coefficient betw the two variables to be 0.48 with a corresponding p-value from 0.002. This tutorial explains instructions to report Pearson's r (Pearson key coefficient) is APA format, including several samples.

Come is how to report Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between total studied and review score.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Exemplary 2: Zeitlich Aufwand Running vs. Body Chubby

AN doctor collected data for the number of hours used runtime per week and body fat percentage for 35 patients. He found the Pearson correlation reciprocal between the two relative to be -0.37 with a corresponding p-value of 0.029. Reporting Pierce Cross Analyse in SPSS -OnlineSPSS.com

Here is how up message Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated to assess an lineal relationship amidst hours expenses running and body fat percentage.   There were a negative correlation between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spends vs. Revenue Generated

A company collected data for the amount of dough spent on advertising and the total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Peer correlation coefficient between one two variables to can 0.71 with a corresponding p-value of 0.003. When reporting correlations, make certain to include the: Signs Stability Direction of effect e.g., "Results showed there had a mean, powerful, positive correlation between years of cheer per day in Melbourne, and positive sense amongst locals, radius (184) = .56, p .05 = none important correlation 2. Strength 3. Direction concerning Effect + = positive (e.g., higher suns is correlated with highest happiness) - = ne

More exists how to report Pearson’s r in APA format:

AMPERE Pearson association coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship within advertising squander real total revenue.   There was one positive correlation between aforementioned two variables, r(13) = .71, p = .003.

Additional Resources

The following educational explain how to report different statistical tests and procedures in APA format:

How to View Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) Whereby for How t-Test Consequences (With Examples) How to Report Retrograde Achieved (With Examples) How toward Message ANOVA Results (With Examples)

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Statology

Statistics Did Easy

How to Report Pearson’s r in APA Format (With Examples)

AN Pearson Connection Coefficient , often denoted r , measures this linear connection between two variables.

He always takes on an value between -1 and 1 show:

  • -1 points one flawless negative elongate global between two types
  • 0 indicates no linear correspondence between two variables
  • 1 indicates a vollkommene positive elongate correlation between two variables

We use the following general building to report an Pearson’s r in APA form:

A Paterson correlation coefficient was calculating to assess the running relationship betw [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation between one two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , p = [p-value] .

Keep in wits of following when reporting Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round and p-value to three decimal places.
  • Round the value since r to two decimal places.
  • Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)
  • The degrees a freedom (df) is calculated as N – 2.

And following examples watch how to report Pearson’s radius in APA page in various scenarios.

Example 1: Hourly Studied vs. Exam Score Received

A professor collected data for the number of working studied and the exam score received for 40 students in his class. He found who Pearson correlation corrector amongst the two variables to be 0.48 with a corresponding p-value of 0.002.

Here is wherewith to report Pearson’s r in APA output:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours studied and try score.   Present was a positive correlation between that two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Example 2: Time Spent Running vs. Body Fat

A doctor collected data for the total the hours spent running according week and body fat percentage for 35 patients. Fellow find the Speaker correlation coefficient between an two variables into be -0.37 with a corresponding p-value of 0.029. How to Get Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples) - Statology

Here are how to report Pearson’s r are APA format:

A English correlation collusive was computed the assess the linear relationship between hours spent running and body fat percentage.   Where was a negative correlation between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spend vs. Revenue Generated

A group collected data for the amount in money spent on advertising and the total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Pearson correlation coefficient bets aforementioned two variables to be 0.71 with a corresponding p-value of 0.003. Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format · To not give references for statistics unless the statistic is uncommon, used unconventionally, or is the ...

Here is how in report Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed in assess the linear relationship between advertising spend and absolute revenue.   There used a postive correlation between the two general, r(13) = .71, p = .003.

Additional Resources

The following tutorials explain how to report other statistik tests and procedures in APA format:

Wherewith up Report Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples) How to Report Regression Results (With Examples) How to Report ANOVA Erkenntnisse (With Examples)

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  • Reporting Statistics in APA Style | Guidelines & Examples

Reporting Statistics in APA Style | Guidelines & Examples

Published on April 1, 2021 by Pritha Bhandari . Revised on January 17, 2024.

The APA Publication Manual is commonly used for reporting research results in the social and natural sciences. This article walks you through APA Style standards for reporting statistics in academic writing.

Statistical analysis involves gathering and testing quantitative data to make inferences about the world. A statistic is any number that describes a sample : it can be a proportion, a range , or a measurement, among other things.

When reporting statistics, use these formatting rules and suggestions from APA where relevant.

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Table of contents

Numbers and measurements, decimal places and leading zeros, formatting mathematical formulas, formatting statistical terms, reporting means and standard deviations, reporting chi-square tests, reporting z tests and t tests, reporting analysis of variance (anovas), reporting correlations, reporting regressions, reporting confidence intervals, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about apa style statistics.

In general, APA advises using words for numbers under 10 and numerals for 10 and greater . However, always spell out a number that appears at the start of a sentence (or rephrase).

You should always use numerals for:

  • Exact numbers before units of measurement or time
  • Mathematical equations
  • Percentages and percentiles
  • Ratios, decimals, and uncommon fractions
  • Scores and points on scales (e.g., 7-point scale)
  • Exact amounts of money

Units of measurement and time

Report exact measurements using numerals, and use symbols or abbreviations for common units of measurement when they accompany exact measurements. Include a space between the number and the abbreviation.

When stating approximate figures, use words to express numbers under 10, and spell out the names of units of measurement.

  • The ball weighed 7 kg.
  • The ball weighed approximately seven kilograms.

Measurements should be reported in metric units. If you recorded measurements in non-metric units, include metric equivalents in your report as well as the original units.

Percentages

Use numerals for percentages along with the percent symbol (%). Don’t insert a space between the number and the symbol.

Words for “percent” or “percentage” should only be used in text when numbers aren’t used, or when a percentage appears at the start of a sentence.

  • Of these respondents, 15% agreed with the statement.
  • Fifteen percent of respondents agreed with the statement.
  • The percentage was higher in 2020.

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how to report pearson's r in apa

The number of decimal places to report depends on what you’re reporting. Generally, you should aim to round numbers while retaining precision. It’s best to present fewer decimal digits to aid easy understanding.

The following guidelines are usually applicable.

Use two or three decimal places and report exact values for all p values greater than .001. For p values smaller than .001, report them as p < .001.

Leading zeros

A leading zero is zero before the decimal point for numbers less than one. In APA Style, it’s only used in some cases.

Use a leading zero only when the statistic you’re describing can be greater than one. If it can never exceed one, omit the leading zero.

  • Consumers reported high satisfaction with the services ( M = 4.1, SD = 0.8).
  • The correlation was medium-sized ( r = .35).
  • Although significant results were obtained, the effect was relatively small ( p = .015, d = 0.11).

Provide formulas only when you use new or uncommon equations. For short equations, present them within one line in the main text whenever possible.

Make the order of operations as clear as possible by using parentheses (round brackets) for the first step, brackets [square brackets] for the second step, and braces {curly brackets} for the third step, where necessary.

More complex equations, or equations that take more than one line, should be displayed on their own lines. Equations should be displayed and numbered if you will reference them later on, regardless of their complexity. Number equations by placing the numbers in parentheses near the right edge of the page.

\begin{equation*}\sqrt[3]{x}-3ac\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,(1)\end{equation*}

When reporting statistical results , present information in easily understandable ways. You can use a mix of text, tables, and figures to present data effectively when you have a lot of numbers to report.

In your main text, use helpful words like “respectively” or “in order”  to aid understanding when listing several statistics in a sequence.

The APA manual provides guidelines for dealing with statistical terms, symbols and abbreviations.

Symbols and abbreviations

Population parameters are often represented with Greek letters, while sample statistics are often represented with italicized Latin letters.

Use the population symbol ( N ) for the total number of elements in a sample, and use the sample symbol ( n ) for the number of elements in each subgroup of the full sample.

In general, abbreviations should be defined on first use, but this isn’t always the case for common statistical abbreviations.

Capitalization, italicization and hyphenation

Statistical terms such as t test, z test, and p value always begin with a lowercase, italicized letter. Never begin a sentence with lowercase statistical abbreviations.

These statistical terms should only be hyphenated when they modify a subsequent word (e.g., “ z -test results” versus results of “ z tests”).

You can form plurals of statistical symbols (e.g., M or p ) by adding a non-italicized “s” to the end with no apostrophe (e.g., M s or p s).

In general, the following guidelines apply.

Parentheses vs. brackets

Always aim to avoid nested parentheses and brackets when reporting statistics. Instead, you should use commas to separate related statistics.

  • Scores improved between the pretest and posttest ( p < .001).
  • Significant differences in test scores were recorded, F (1, 30) = 4.67, p = .003.
  • (A previous meta-analysis highlighted low effect sizes [ d = 0.1] in the field).

Report descriptive statistics to summarize your data. Quantitative data is often reported using means and standard deviations, while categorical data (e.g., demographic variables) is reported using proportions.

Means and standard deviations can be presented in the main text and/or in parentheses. You don’t need to repeat the units of measurement (e.g., centimeters) for statistics relating to the same data.

  • Average sample height was 136.4 cm ( SD = 15.1).
  • The height of the initial sample was relatively low ( M = 125.9 cm, SD = 16.6).
  • Height significantly varied between children aged 5–7, 8–10, and 11–13. The means were 115.3, 133.5, and 149.1 cm, respectively.

To report the results of a chi-square test , include the following:

  • the degrees of freedom ( df ) in parentheses
  • the chi-square (Χ 2 ) value (also referred to as the chi-square test statistic)
  • the p value
  • A chi-square test of independence revealed a significant association between gender and product preference, Χ 2 (8) = 19.7, p = .012.
  • Based on a chi-square test of goodness of fit , Χ 2 (4) = 11.34, p = .023, the sample’s distribution of religious affiliations matched that of the population’s.

For z tests

To report the results of a z test, include the following:

  • the z value (also referred to as the z statistic or z score)
  • The participants’ scores were higher than the population average, z = 2.48, p = .013.
  • Higher scores were obtained on the new 20-item scale compared to the previous 40-item scale, z = 2.67, p = .007.

For t tests

To report the results of a t test , include the following:

  • the t value (also referred to as the t statistic)
  • Older adults experienced significantly more loneliness than younger adults, t (32) = 2.94, p = .006.
  • Reaction times were significantly faster for mice in the experimental condition, t (53) = 5.94, p < .001.

To report the results of an ANOVA , include the following:

  • the degrees of freedom (between groups, within groups) in parentheses
  • the F value (also referred to as the F statistic)
  • A one-way ANOVA demonstrated that the effect of leadership style was significant for employee engagement, F (2, 78) = 4.58, p = .013.
  • We found a statistically significant main effect of age group on social media use, F (3, 117) = 3.19, p = .026.

To report the results of a correlation, include the following:

  • the degrees of freedom in parentheses
  • the r value (the correlation coefficient)
  • We found a strong correlation between average temperature and new daily cases of COVID-19, r (357) = .42, p < .001.

Results of regression analyses are often displayed in a table because the output includes many numbers.

To report the results of a regression analysis in the text, include the following:

  • the R 2 value (the coefficient of determination)

The format is usually:

  • SAT scores predicted college GPA, R 2 = .34, F (1, 416) = 6.71, p = .009.

You should report confidence intervals of effect sizes (e.g., Cohen’s d ) or point estimates where relevant.

To report a confidence interval, state the confidence level and use brackets to enclose the lower and upper limits of the confidence interval, separated by a comma.

  • Older adults experienced significantly more loneliness than younger adults, t (32) = 2.94, p = .006, d = 0.81, 95% CI [0.6, 1.02].
  • On average, the treatment resulted in a 30% reduction in migraine frequency, 99% CI [26.5, 33.5].

When presenting multiple confidence intervals with the same confidence levels in a sequence, don’t repeat the confidence level or the word “CI.”

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

  • Chi square test of independence
  • Statistical power
  • Descriptive statistics
  • Degrees of freedom
  • Pearson correlation
  • Null hypothesis

Methodology

  • Double-blind study
  • Case-control study
  • Research ethics
  • Data collection
  • Hypothesis testing
  • Structured interviews

Research bias

  • Hawthorne effect
  • Unconscious bias
  • Recall bias
  • Halo effect
  • Self-serving bias
  • Information bias

According to the APA guidelines, you should report enough detail on inferential statistics so that your readers understand your analyses.

Report the following for each hypothesis test:

  • the test statistic value
  • the degrees of freedom
  • the exact p value (unless it is less than 0.001)
  • the magnitude and direction of the effect

You should also present confidence intervals and estimates of effect sizes where relevant.

Use one decimal place for:

  • Standard deviations
  • Descriptive statistics based on discrete data

Use two decimal places for:

  • Correlation coefficients
  • Proportions
  • Inferential test statistics such as t values, F values, and chi-squares.

In APA style, statistics can be presented in the main text or as tables or figures . To decide how to present numbers, you can follow APA guidelines:

  • To present three or fewer numbers, try a sentence,
  • To present between 4 and 20 numbers, try a table,
  • To present more than 20 numbers, try a figure.

Since these are general guidelines, use your own judgment and feedback from others for effective presentation of numbers.

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How to Report Pearson’s r in APA Format (With Examples)

A Pearson Correlation Coefficient , often denoted r , measures the linear association between two variables.

It always takes on a value between -1 and 1 where:

  • -1 indicates a perfectly negative linear correlation between two variables
  • 0 indicates no linear correlation between two variables
  • 1 indicates a perfectly positive linear correlation between two variables

We use the following general structure to report a Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2] .   There was a [negative or positive] correlation between the two variables, r( df ) = [r value] , p = [p-value] .

Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson’s r  in APA format:

  • Round the p-value to three decimal places.
  • Round the value for r to two decimal places.
  • Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)
  • The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated as N – 2.

The following examples show how to report Pearson’s r in APA format in various scenarios.

Example 1: Hours Studied vs. Exam Score Received

A professor collected data for the number of hours studied and the exam score received for 40 students in his class. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.48 with a corresponding p-value of 0.002.

Here is how to report Pearson’s r in APA format:

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours studied and exam score.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(38) = .48, p = .002.

Example 2: Time Spent Running vs. Body Fat

A doctor collected data for the number of hours spent running per week and body fat percentage for 35 patients. He found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be -0.37 with a corresponding p-value of 0.029.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between hours spent running and body fat percentage.   There was a negative correlation between the two variables, r(33) = -.37, p = .029.

Example 3: Ad Spend vs. Revenue Generated

A company collected data for the amount of money spent on advertising and the total revenue generated during 15 consecutive sales periods. They found the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables to be 0.71 with a corresponding p-value of 0.003.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between advertising spend and total revenue.   There was a positive correlation between the two variables, r(13) = .71, p = .003.

Additional Resources

The following tutorials explain how to report other statistical tests and procedures in APA format:

How to Report Cronbach’s Alpha (With Examples) How to Report t-Test Results (With Examples) How to Report Regression Results (With Examples) How to Report ANOVA Results (With Examples)

How to Report the Results of a Repeated Measures ANOVA

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COMMENTS

  1. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    There was a [negative or positive] correlation between the two variables, r (df) = [r value], p = [p-value]. Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to three decimal places. Round the value for r to two decimal places. Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)

  2. How to Report Pearson's r (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient) in APA Style

    1. There are two ways to report p values. The first way is to cite the alpha value as in the second example above. The second way, very much the preferred way in the age of computer aided calculations (and the way recommended by the APA), is to report the exact p value (as in our main example). If you report the exact p value, then you need to ...

  3. Report Correlation in APA Style using R: Text & Tables

    Template for Reporting Pearson's Correlation (r) in APA Style: Here is a template you can use to report Pearson's correlation according to APA 7: Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between [Variable X] and [Variable Y] (r = [correlation coefficient], p < [p-value], 95% CI [lower bound, upper bound], N = [sample size]).

  4. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to three decimal places. Round the value for r to two decimal places. Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77) The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated as N - 2. The following examples show how to report Pearson's r in APA ...

  5. Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)

    If you decide to include a Pearson correlation (r) in your paper or thesis, you should report it in your results section. You can follow these rules if you want to report statistics in APA Style : You don't need to provide a reference or formula since the Pearson correlation coefficient is a commonly used statistic.

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  7. Report Pearson Correlation Coefficient from SPSS in APA Style

    Notes and Tips for Writing your Pearson Correlation Coefficient Report in APA Style. The APA Style Guide states: (a) that the first line of each paragraph should be indented 0.5 inches from the left margin; and (b) that the text should be double-spaced. (1) Report the exact p value to two or three decimal places as per the SPSS output.

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  10. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    Keep in care this followers when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value the three decimal places. Round the value for r to two decimal places. Drop the executive 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77) The degrees by liberty (df) is calculated as N - 2. The following examples show instructions to report Pearson's ...

  11. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    There was a [negative or positive] correlation between one two variables, r(df) = [r value], p = [p-value]. Keep in wits of following when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round and p-value to three decimal places. Round the value since r to two decimal places. Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77)

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    Keep in mind the following when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to triple decision points. Round the value for r to two decimal places. Drop this leading 0 for which p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77) The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated like N - 2. And following instances prove how on report Pearson's r ...

  13. Reporting Statistics in APA Style

    To report the results of a correlation, include the following: the degrees of freedom in parentheses. the r value (the correlation coefficient) the p value. Example: Reporting correlation results. We found a strong correlation between average temperature and new daily cases of COVID-19, r (357) = .42, p < .001.

  14. How to Report Pearson's r with APA Format (With Examples)

    Keep in mind the next when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to three decimal places. Round the value for r to two decimal places. Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77) An degrees of liberty (df) is calculated as N - 2. And following examples show how to report Pearson's r in APA format in ...

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    Play 2 Learn (www.p2l.io). Gain basic experience with assessing the strength of the correlation and with APA Style Descriptive Statistics Write Up for Pearso...

  16. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    This tutorial explains how to report Pearson's r (Pearson correlation coefficient) in APA format, including several examples.

  17. How to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    Keep in mind that following when reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to thre decimal places. Round the value for r to deuce decimal positions. Drop the leading 0 for the p-value and r (e.g. use .77, not 0.77) One degree of freedom (df) is calculated than N - 2. The following examples show whereby to story Pearson's r in ...

  18. Method to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    The following case show how to report Pearson's r in APA format in various scenarios. Example 1: Hours Studied vs. Exam Score Received. A professor collected data for the number of hour studied and the exam score received for 40 students for his class. He found the Pearson correlation reciprocal between the two variables to be 0.48 with a ...

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    To article walks it thru APA Style. Here is how to report Pearson's roentgen in APA format: A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between advertising spend and total revenue. Here was an positive correlation between that two variables, r(13) = .71, p = .003. Additional Resources

  20. How to Report Pearson's r included APA Format (With Examples)

    Keep in mind the following although reporting Pearson's r in APA format: Round the p-value to three decimal pitches. Round an value forward r up pair degree location. Throw to leading 0 for the p-value and roentgen (e.g. application .77, nope 0.77) The degrees of freedom (df) is calculated such N - 2.

  21. Method to Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    We use the ensuing general structure to report a Pearson's r the APA format: A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between [variable 1] and [variable 2]. Are was a [negative or positive] correlation between the pair variables, r(df) = [r value], p = [p-value]. Keep in brains and following when ...

  22. How at Report Pearson's r in APA Format (With Examples)

    They found the Pearson correlation coefficient between one two set up be 0.71 to a corresponding p-value of 0.003. Here is how to report Pearson's r with APA format: A Pearson correlation coefficient be computed to assess this linear relationship between advertising spend or total revenue. There was a positive correlation between the two ...