not annotated with http method type

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Typing Master vs Traditional Learning Methods: Which is More Effective?

In today’s digital age, the ability to type quickly and accurately has become a valuable skill. Whether you’re a student looking to improve your productivity or a professional aiming to increase your efficiency at work, mastering typing can significantly enhance your performance. While traditional learning methods have long been the norm, technology has introduced an alternative approach known as “Typing Master.” In this article, we will explore the differences between Typing Master and traditional learning methods, and determine which one is more effective in helping individuals become proficient typists.

Traditional Learning Methods

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Introducing Typing Master

Typing Master is a computer program or online platform designed specifically for teaching touch typing skills. It utilizes various techniques such as gamification, interactive exercises, and real-time feedback to make the learning process more engaging and enjoyable. With Typing Master, learners are guided through different levels that gradually increase in difficulty as their skills improve.

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The Effectiveness of Typing Master

When it comes to effectiveness, many studies have shown that Typing Master can be highly beneficial in improving typing skills. The gamification aspect of Typing Master makes the learning process more enjoyable, increasing motivation and reducing the chances of boredom or disengagement. Learners are more likely to practice regularly and spend more time honing their skills when using Typing Master compared to traditional methods.

Moreover, the personalized feedback provided by Typing Master allows learners to identify their weaknesses and work on them specifically. This targeted approach helps individuals progress faster and achieve higher levels of proficiency in a shorter period. Additionally, the interactive nature of Typing Master keeps learners actively involved in the learning process, enhancing retention and application of acquired skills.

Choosing the Right Method

While both traditional learning methods and Typing Master have their merits, it ultimately comes down to personal preference and learning style. Some individuals may thrive in a structured classroom environment with hands-on instruction, while others may prefer the flexibility and convenience offered by online platforms like Typing Master.

If you’re someone who enjoys gamified learning experiences with immediate feedback, then Typing Master might be the ideal choice for you. On the other hand, if you prefer face-to-face interaction or require additional guidance due to specific learning needs, traditional methods might be more suitable.

In conclusion, mastering typing is essential in today’s digital world. While traditional learning methods have been effective for many learners over time, Typing Master offers a more engaging and personalized approach that can significantly enhance one’s typing skills. Whether you choose traditional methods or opt for a modern alternative like Typing Master, consistent practice and dedication are key to becoming a proficient typist.

This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

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Feign ignoring @RequestMapping annotations #805

nickcodefresh commented Feb 2, 2016

• 👍 5 reactions

Sorry, something went wrong.

MukundPatel1809 commented May 8, 2020

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feign 采坑之 not annotated with HTTP method type (ex. GET, POST)

研习springboot的feign时，遇到了这样的一个坑，由于本人愚钝，特记载下来方便以后翻阅。

问题描述：配置了FeignConfiguration，里面仅仅做了eureka的权限处理，like this:

@Configuration public class FeignConfiguration{     //为FeignConfiguration添加链接eureka的权限     @Bean     public BasicAuthRequestInterceptor basicAuthRequestInterceptor() {         return new BasicAuthRequestInterceptor("seven", "pwd123456");     }

然后在FeignClient中声明开放接口

@FeignClient(name="sss",url="localhost:8761",configuration=FeignConfiguration.class) public interface IfeignInter {     @RequestLine("GET /eureka/apps/{serviceName}")     public String getServiceInfoByserviceName(@Param("serviceName") String serviceName) ;

然后启动服务报错：Method getServiceInfoByserviceName  not annotated with HTTP method type (ex. GET, POST)

各类坑的解决方法如下：

在spingboot中定义feign的对外开放接口：

@FeignClient(name="sss",url="localhost:8761",configuration=FeignConfiguration.class) public interface IfeignInter {

//1.@GetMapping("/eureka/apps/{serviceName}")@PathVariable("serviceName")

//2.@RequestMapping(value="/eureka/apps/{serviceName}", method=RequestMethod.GET)@PathVariable("必须有值")

//3.@RequestLine("GET /eureka/apps/{serviceName}")@Param("serviceName")

自定义feign的config：

@Configuration public class FeignConfiguration{ //使用feign的注解方式 @Bean public Contract useFeignAnnotations() {    return new Contract.Default(); } //为FeignConfiguration添加链接eureka的权限     @Bean     public BasicAuthRequestInterceptor basicAuthRequestInterceptor() {         return new BasicAuthRequestInterceptor("seven", "pwd123456");     }

1.不支持@GetMapping这样的混合注解只能使用@RequestMapping(value="/simple/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)这种方式来实现混合注解。

2.对于url路径上的PathVariable属性必须要有默认值，否者会报PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.

3.这个就是当时我纠结了两个小时的坑，最后翻看Contract.Default()的源码才明白，如果FeignClient想要使用feign自己定义的注解，需要在configuration中配置feign的契约模式，因为其默认采用的时sping的注解方式，所以会不识别feign的注解，导致Method getServiceInfoByserviceName  not annotated with HTTP method type (ex. GET, POST)。

这种异常情况下的解决方法有两种：

一种就是使用sping默认的注解方式

@RequestMapping(value="/eureka/apps/{serviceName}", method=RequestMethod.GET)@PathVariable("必须有值")

@RequestMapping(value="/eureka/apps/{serviceName}", method=RequestMethod.GET)

另外一种就是在configuration中配置feign的契约模式

@Configuration public class FeignConfiguration { //Contract feign的默认契约 @Bean public Contract feignContract() { return Contract.Default(); }

这样就可以正常创建启动了。

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Annotation Type HttpMethod

• @Target ( value = ANNOTATION_TYPE ) @Retention ( value = RUNTIME ) @Documented public @interface HttpMethod Associates the name of a HTTP method with an annotation. A Java method annotated with a runtime annotation that is itself annotated with this annotation will be used to handle HTTP requests of the indicated HTTP method. It is an error for a method to be annotated with more than one annotation that is annotated with HttpMethod . Since: 1.0 Author: Paul Sandoz, Marc Hadley See Also: GET , POST , PUT , DELETE , HEAD

Field Summary

Required element summary, field detail, element detail.

Copyright © 1996-2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Use is subject to license terms .

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Annotated services

Table of contents, mapping http service methods, parameter injection, injecting a parameter as an enum type, getting a query parameter, getting an http header, other classes automatically injected, handling exceptions, conversion between an http message and a java object, converting an http request to a java object, injecting value of parameters and http headers into a java object, converting a java object to an http response, specifying a blocking task executor, using serverbuilder to configure converters and exception handlers, returning a response, decorating an annotated service, decorating an annotated service with a custom decorator annotation, evaluation order of decorators, media type negotiation, creating user-defined media type annotations, specifying additional response headers/trailers, using a composite annotation, specifying the service name.

Visit armeria-examples to find a fully working example.

Armeria provides a way to write an HTTP service using annotations. It helps a user make his or her code simple and easy to understand. A user is able to run an HTTP service by fewer lines of code using annotations as follows. hello() method in the example would be mapped to the path of /hello/{name} with an HTTP GET method.

For more information about using some well-known clients, please refer to Client interoperability .

To map a service method in an annotated HTTP service class to an HTTP path, it has to be annotated with one of HTTP method annotations. The following is the list of HTTP method annotations where each of them is mapped to an HTTP method.

To handle an HTTP request with a service method, you can annotate your service method simply as follows.

There are 5 different path types that you can define:

Exact path, e.g. /hello or exact:/hello

• a service method will handle the path exactly matched with the specified path.

Prefix path, e.g. prefix:/hello

• a service method will handle every path which starts with the specified prefix.

Path containing path variables, e.g /hello/{name} or /hello/:name

• a service method will handle the path matched with the specified path pattern. A path variable in the specified pattern may be mapped to a parameter of the service method.

Regular expression path, e.g. regex:^/hello/(?<name>.*)$

• a service method will handle the path matched with the specified regular expression. If a named capturing group exists in the regular expression, it may be mapped to a parameter of the service method.

Glob pattern path, e.g. glob:/*/hello/**

• a service method will handle the path matched with the specified glob pattern. Each wildcard is mapped to an index which starts with 0 , so it may be mapped to a parameter of the service method.

You can get the value of a path variable, a named capturing group of the regular expression or wildcards of the glob pattern in your service method by annotating a parameter with @Param as follows. Please refer to Parameter injection for more information about @Param .

Every service method in the examples so far had a single HTTP method annotation with it. What if you want to map more than one HTTP method or path to your service method? You can use @Path annotations to specify multiple paths, and use the HTTP method annotations without a path to map multiple HTTP methods, e.g.

Every service method assumes that it returns an HTTP response with 200 OK or 204 No Content status according to its return type. If the return type is void or Void , 204 No Content would be applied. 200 OK would be applied for the other types. If you want to return an alternative status code for a method, you can use @StatusCode annotation as follows.

You can define a service method which handles a request only if it contains a header or parameter the method requires. The following methods are bound to the same path /users but a request may be routed based on the client-type header.

Let's see the example in the above section again.

A value of a parameter name is automatically injected as a String by Armeria. Armeria will try to convert the value appropriately if the parameter type is not String . IllegalArgumentException will be raised if the conversion fails or the parameter type is not one of the following supported types:

• boolean or Boolean
• byte or Byte
• short or Short
• integer or Integer
• long or Long
• float or Float
• double or Double
• String , CharSequence or AsciiString
• Duration and Period
• LocalDate , LocalDateTime and LocalTime ,
• OffsetDateTime and OffsetTime
• ZonedDateTime , ZoneId and ZoneOffset
• public static T of(String)
• public static T valueOf(String)
• public static T fromString(String)
• public T(String) (constructor)

Note that you can omit the value of @Param if you compiled your code with -parameters javac option. In this case the variable name is used as the value.

Please refer to Configure -parameters javac option for more information.

Enum type is also automatically converted if you annotate a parameter of your service method with @Param annotation. If your Enum type can be handled in a case-insensitive way, Armeria automatically converts the string value of a parameter to a value of Enum in a case-insensitive way. Otherwise, case-sensitive exact match will be performed.

When the value of @Param annotation is not shown in the path pattern, it will be handled as a parameter name of the query string of the request. If you have a service class like the example below and a user sends an HTTP GET request with URI of /hello1?name=armeria , the service method will get armeria as the value of parameter name .

If there is no parameter named name in the query string, the service method that requires it will not be invoked, but the client will get a 400 Bad Request response. If you want to allow null to be injected, you can use @Default annotation, @Nullable annotation or Optional<?> class, like demonstrated below in hello2() , hello3() and hello4() methods:

@Nullable annotation can be from any package as long as its simple name is Nullable . For example, it can be @javax.annotation.Nullable , @org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable or @io.reactivex.annotations.Nullable .

If multiple parameters exist with the same name in a query string, they can be injected as a List<?> or Set<?> , e.g. /hello1?number=1&number=2&number=3 . You can use @Default annotation or Optional<?> class here, too.

If you specify query delimiter while building an annotated service, or a @Delimiter annotation with a query parameter, a single parameter will be converted into separated values if the parameter is mapped to a List<?> or Set<?> , e.g. /hello1?number=1,2,3 .

If an HTTP POST request with a Content-Type: x-www-form-urlencoded header is received and no @Param value appears in the path pattern, Armeria will aggregate the received request and decode its body as a URL-encoded form. After that, Armeria will inject the decoded value into the parameter.

Armeria also provides @Header annotation to inject an HTTP header value into a parameter. The parameter annotated with @Header can also be specified as one of the built-in types as follows. @Default and Optional<?> are also supported. @Header annotation also supports List<?> or Set<?> because HTTP headers can be added several times with the same name.

Note that you can omit the value of @Header if you compiled your code with -parameters javac option. Read Parameter injection for more information. In this case, the variable name is used as the value, but it will be converted to hyphen-separated lowercase string to be suitable for general HTTP header names. e.g. a variable name contentLength or content_length will be converted to content-length as the value of @Header .

The following classes are automatically injected when you specify them on the parameter list of your method.

• ServiceRequestContext (or RequestContext )
• RequestHeaders (or HttpHeaders )
• HttpRequest (or Request )
• AggregatedHttpRequest
• QueryParams

It is often useful to extract exception handling logic from service methods into a separate common class. Armeria provides @ExceptionHandler annotation to transform an exception into a response. You can write your own exception handler by implementing ExceptionHandlerFunction interface and annotate your service object or method with @ExceptionHandler annotation. Here is an example of an exception handler. If your exception handler is not able to handle a given exception, you can call ExceptionHandlerFunction.fallthrough() to pass the exception to the next exception handler.

You can annotate at class level to catch an exception from every method in your service class.

You can also annotate at method level to catch an exception from a single method in your service class.

If there is no exception handler which is able to handle an exception, the exception would be passed to the default exception handler. It handles IllegalArgumentException , HttpStatusException and HttpResponseException by default. IllegalArgumentException would be converted into 400 Bad Request response, and the other two exceptions would be converted into a response with the status code which they are holding. For another exceptions, 500 Internal Server Error would be sent to the client.

In some cases like receiving a JSON document from a client, it may be useful to convert the document to a Java object automatically. Armeria provides @RequestConverter and @RequestObject annotations so that such conversion can be done conveniently. You can write your own request converter by implementing RequestConverterFunction as follows. Similar to the exception handler, you can call RequestConverterFunction.fallthrough() when your request converter is not able to convert the request.

Then, you can write your service method as follows. Custom request objects will be converted automatically by the converters you registered with @RequestConverter annotation. Note that @RequestConverter annotation can be specified on a class, a method or a parameter in an annotated service, and its scope is determined depending on where it is specified.

Armeria also provides built-in request converters such as, a request converter for a Java Bean, JacksonRequestConverterFunction for a JSON document, StringRequestConverterFunction for a string and ByteArrayRequestConverterFunction for binary data. They will be applied after your request converters, so you don't have to specify any @RequestConverter annotations:

Armeria provides a generic built-in request converter that converts a request into a Java object. Just define a plain old Java class and specify it as a parameter of your service method.

We also need to define the MyRequestObject class which was used in the method hello() above. To tell Armeria which constructor parameter, setter method or field has to be injected with what value, we should put @Param , @Header , @RequestObject annotations on any of the following elements:

• Constructors with only one parameter
• Methods with only one parameter
• Constructor parameters
• Method parameters

The usage of @Param or @Header annotations on Java object elements is much like using them on the parameters of a service method because even you can use @Default and @RequestObject annotations defined there. Please refer to Parameter injection , and Getting an HTTP header for more information.

Every object returned by an annotated service method can be converted to an HTTP response message by response converters, except for HttpResponse and AggregatedHttpResponse which are already in a form of response message. You can also write your own response converter by implementing ResponseConverterFunction as follows. Also similar to RequestConverterFunction , you can call ResponseConverterFunction.fallthrough() when your response converter is not able to convert the result to an HttpResponse .

You can annotate your service method and class as follows.

Armeria supports Media type negotiation . So you may want to get a negotiated media type in order to set a Content-Type header on your response. In this case, you can access it in your response converter as follows.

Even if you do not specify any @ResponseConverter annotation, the response object can be converted into an HttpResponse by one of the following response converters which performs the conversion based on the negotiated media type and the type of the object.

JacksonResponseConverterFunction

• converts an object to a JSON document if the negotiated media type is application/json . JsonNode object can be converted to a JSON document even if there is no media type negotiated.

StringResponseConverterFunction

• converts an object to a string if the negotiated main media type is one of text types. If there is no media type negotiated, String and CharSequence object will be written as a text with Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 header.

ByteArrayResponseConverterFunction

• converts an object to a byte array. Only HttpData and byte[] will be handled even if the negotiated media type is application/binary or application/octet-stream . If there is no media type negotiated, HttpData and byte[] object will be written as a binary with Content-Type: application/binary header.

Let's see the following example about the default response conversion.

An annotated service is executed by an EventLoop , so you must not make a blocking call within the EventLoop . If you want to make a blocking call, you should delegate the call to another thread. You can use your own thread or a blocking task executor that Armeria provides.

If you specify the @Blocking annotation to the method, the method will be executed by the blocking task executor that is returned by ServiceRequestContext.blockingTaskExecutor() :

You can apply the @Blocking annotation at the class level so all methods are executed by the blocking task executor:

You can also submit a task to the ServiceRequestContext.blockingTaskExecutor() or any Executor instead of using the @Blocking annotation:

You can specify converters and exception handlers using ServerBuilder , without using the annotations explained in the previous sections:

Also, they have a different method signature for conversion and exception handling so you can even write them in a single class and add it to your ServerBuilder at once, e.g.

When you specify exception handlers in a mixed manner like below, they will be evaluated in the following order commented. It is also the same as the evaluation order of the converters.

In the earlier examples, the annotated service methods only return HttpResponse , however there are more response types which can be used in the annotated service.

HttpResponse and AggregatedHttpResponse

• It will be sent to the client without any modification. If an exception is raised while the response is being sent, exception handlers will handle it. If no message has been sent to the client yet, the exception handler can send an HttpResponse instead.
• It contains the HttpHeaders and the object which can be converted into HTTP response body by response converters. A user can customize the HTTP status and headers including the trailers, with this type.

Reactive Streams Publisher

• All objects which are produced by the publisher will be collected, then the collected ones will be converted to an HttpResponse by response converters. If a single object is produced, it will be passed into the response converters as it is. But if multiple objects are produced, they will be passed into the response converters as a list. If the producer produces an error, exception handlers will handle it. Note that RxJava ObservableSource will be treated in the same way as Publisher if you add armeria-rxjava to the dependencies.

CompletionStage and CompletableFuture

• An object which is generated by the CompletionStage will be converted to an HttpResponse by response converters. If the CompletionStage completes exceptionally, exception handlers will handle the cause.

Other types

• As described in Converting a Java object to an HTTP response , you can use any response types with response converters that convert them. If a service method raises an exception, exception handlers will handle it.

Every HttpService can be wrapped by another HttpService in Armeria (Refer to Decorating a service for more information). Simply, you can write your own decorator by implementing DecoratingHttpServiceFunction interface as follows.

Then, annotate your class or method with a @Decorator annotation. In the following example, MyDecorator will handle a request first, then AnotherDecorator will handle the request next, and finally hello() method will handle the request.

As you read earlier, you can write your own decorator with DecoratingHttpServiceFunction interface. If your decorator does not require any parameter, that is fine. However, what if your decorator requires a parameter? In this case, you can create your own decorator annotation. Let's see the following custom decorator annotation which applies LoggingService to an annotated service.

This example is actually just a copy of what Armeria provides out of the box. In reality, you could just use @LoggingDecorator , without writing your own one.

You can see @DecoratorFactory annotation at the first line of the example. It specifies a factory class which implements DecoratorFactoryFunction interface. The factory will create an instance of LoggingService with parameters which you specified on the class or method like below.

Note that the evaluation order of the decorators is slightly different from that of the converters and exception handlers. As you read in Using ServerBuilder to configure converters and exception handlers , both the converters and exception handlers are applied in the order of method-level ones, class-level ones and global ones. Unlike them, decorators are applied in the opposite order as follows, because it is more understandable for a user to apply from the outer decorators to the inner decorators, which means the order of global decorators, class-level decorators and method-level decorators.

The first rule is as explained before. However, if your own decorator annotations and @Decorator annotations are specified in a mixed order like below, you need to clearly specify their order using @Decorator.order() attribute of the annotation. In the following example, you cannot make sure in what order they decorate the service because Java collects repeatable annotations like @Decorator into a single container annotation like @Decorators so it does not know the specified order between @Decorator and @LoggingDecorator .

To enforce the evaluation order of decorators, you can use order() attribute. Lower the order value is, earlier the decorator will be executed. The default value of order() attribute is 0 . The order() attribute is applicable only to class-level and method-level decorators.

With the following example, the hello() will be executed with the following order:

• MyGlobalDecorator1
• MyMethodDecorator1
• LoggingDecorator
• MyMethodDecorator2
• MyAnnotatedService.hello()

Note that you can even make a method-level decorator executed before a class-level decorator by adjusting the order() attribute:

If you built a custom decorator annotation like @LoggingDecorator , it is recommended to add an order() attribute so that the user of the custom annotation is able to adjust the order value of the decorator:

Armeria provides @Produces and @Consumes annotations to support media type negotiation. It is not necessary if you have only one service method for a path and an HTTP method. However, assume that you have multiple service methods for the same path and the same HTTP method as follows.

If the media type is not specified on any methods bound to the same path pattern, the first method declared will be used and the other methods will be ignored. In this example, hello1() will be chosen and the client will always receive a text document. What if you want to get a JSON object from the path /hello ? You can just specify the type of the content which your method produces as follows and add an Accept header to your client request.

A request like the following would get a text document:

A request like the following would get a JSON object:

Note that a Content-Type header of a response is not automatically set. You may want to get the negotiated @Produces from ServiceRequestContext.negotiatedResponseMediaType() method and set it as the value of the Content-Type header of your response.

If a client sends a request without an Accept header (or sending an Accept header with an unsupported content type), it would be usually mapped to helloJson() method because the methods are sorted by the name of the type in an alphabetical order.

In this case, you can adjust the order of the methods with @Order annotation. The default value of @Order annotation is 0 . If you set the value less than 0 , the method is used earlier than the other methods, which means that it would be used as a default when there is no matched produce type. In this example, it would also make the same effect to annotate helloJson() with @Order(1) .

Next, let's learn how to handle a Content-Type header of a request. Assume that there are two service methods that expect a text document and a JSON object as a content of a request, respectively. You can annotate them with @Consumes annotation.

A request like the following would be handled by helloText() method:

A request like the following would be handled by helloJson() method:

However, if a client sends a request with a Content-Type: application/octet-stream header which is not specified with @Consumes , the client would get an HTTP status code of 415 which means Unsupported Media Type . If you want to make one of the methods catch-all, you can remove the annotation as follows. helloCatchAll() method would accept every request except for the request with a Content-Type: application/json header.

Armeria provides pre-defined annotations such as @ConsumesJson , @ConsumesText , @ConsumesBinary and @ConsumesOctetStream which are aliases for @Consumes("application/json; charset=utf-8") , @Consumes("text/plain; charset=utf-8") , @Consumes("application/binary") and @Consumes("application/octet-stream") respectively. Also, @ProducesJson , @ProducesText , @ProducesBinary and @ProducesOctetStream are provided in the same manner.

If there is no annotation that meets your need, you can define your own annotations for @Consumes and @Produces as follows. Specifying your own annotations is recommended because writing a media type with a string is more error-prone.

Then, you can annotate your service method with your annotation as follows.

Armeria provides a way to configure additional headers/trailers via annotation, @AdditionalHeader for HTTP headers and @AdditionalTrailer for HTTP trailers.

You can annotate your service method with the annotations as follows.

The @AdditionalHeader or @AdditionalTrailer specified at the method level takes precedence over what's specified at the class level if it has the same name, e.g.

In this case, the values of the HTTP header named custom-header and the HTTP trailer named custom-trailer will be custom-overwritten , not custom-value .

Note that the trailers will not be injected into the responses with the following HTTP status code, because they always have an empty content.

To avoid specifying a common set of annotations repetitively, you may want to create a composite annotation which is annotated by other annotations. For example, let's assume that there is a service class like the below:

In the above example, you had to add the same 4 annotations to the two different methods. It is obviously too verbose and duplicate, so we could simplify them by creating a composite annotation like the following:

Now, let's rewrite the service class with the composite annotation. It is definitely less verbose than before. Moreover, you don't need to update both create() and update() but only MyCreateOrUpdateApiSpec when you add more common annotations to them.

A service name is human-readable string that is often used as a meter tag or distributed trace's span name. By default, an annotated service uses its class name as its service name. You can override it by annotating a class or method with @ServiceName like the following:

You can also use RequestLogAccess.whenComplete() to access RequestOnlyLog.name() . Please refer to Structured logging for more information about RPC and HTTP service names, and how to use it.

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