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• Coefficient of Determination (R²) | Calculation & Interpretation

Coefficient of Determination (R²) | Calculation & Interpretation

Published on April 22, 2022 by Shaun Turney . Revised on June 22, 2023.

The coefficient of determination is a number between 0 and 1 that measures how well a statistical model predicts an outcome.

Table of contents

What is the coefficient of determination, calculating the coefficient of determination, interpreting the coefficient of determination, reporting the coefficient of determination, practice questions, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about the coefficient of determination.

The coefficient of determination ( R ²) measures how well a statistical model predicts an outcome. The outcome is represented by the model’s dependent variable .

The lowest possible value of R ² is 0 and the highest possible value is 1. Put simply, the better a model is at making predictions, the closer its R ² will be to 1.

• If the R 2 is 0, the linear regression model doesn’t allow you to predict exam scores any better than simply estimating that everyone has an average exam score.
• If the R 2 is between 0 and 1, the model allows you to partially predict exam scores. The model’s estimates are not perfect, but they’re better than simply using the average exam score.
• If the R 2 is 1, the model allows you to perfectly predict anyone’s exam score.

More technically, R 2 is a measure of goodness of fit. It is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the model.

Graphing your linear regression data usually gives you a good clue as to whether its R 2 is high or low. For example, the graphs below show two sets of simulated data:

• The observations are shown as dots.
• The model’s predictions (the line of best fit) are shown as a black line.
• The distance between the observations and their predicted values (the residuals) are shown as purple lines.

You can see in the first dataset that when the R 2 is high, the observations are close to the model’s predictions . In other words, most points are close to the line of best fit:

In contrast, you can see in the second dataset that when the R 2 is low, the observations are far from the model’s predictions . In other words, when the R 2 is low, many points are far from the line of best fit:

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You can choose between two formulas to calculate the coefficient of determination ( R ²) of a simple linear regression. The first formula is specific to simple linear regressions , and the second formula can be used to calculate the R ² of many types of statistical models.

Formula 1: Using the correlation coefficient

Where r = Pearson correlation coefficient Example: Calculating R ² using the correlation coefficient You are studying the relationship between heart rate and age in children, and you find that the two variables have a negative Pearson correlation:

This value can be used to calculate the coefficient of determination ( R ²) using Formula 1:

Formula 2: Using the regression outputs

• RSS = sum of squared residuals
• TSS = total sum of squares

These values can be used to calculate the coefficient of determination ( R ²) using Formula 2:

You can interpret the coefficient of determination ( R ²) as the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predicted by the statistical model .

Another way of thinking of it is that the R ² is the proportion of variance that is shared between the independent and dependent variables.

You can also say that the R ² is the proportion of variance “explained” or “accounted for” by the model. The proportion that remains (1 − R ²) is the variance that is not predicted by the model.

If you prefer, you can write the R ² as a percentage instead of a proportion. Simply multiply the proportion by 100.

R ² as an effect size

Lastly, you can also interpret the R ² as an effect size : a measure of the strength of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Psychologist and statistician Jacob Cohen (1988) suggested the following rules of thumb for simple linear regressions :

Be careful: the R ² on its own can’t tell you anything about causation .

• 71% of the variance in students’ exam scores is predicted by their study time
• 29% of the variance in student’s exam scores is unexplained by the model
• The students’ study time has a large effect on their exam scores

Studying longer may or may not cause an improvement in the students’ scores. Although this causal relationship is very plausible, the R ² alone can’t tell us why there’s a relationship between students’ study time and exam scores.

If you decide to include a coefficient of determination ( R ²) in your research paper , dissertation or thesis , you should report it in your results section . You can follow these rules if you want to report statistics in APA Style :

• You should use “ r ²” for statistical models with one independent variable (such as simple linear regressions). Use “ R ²” for statistical models with multiple independent variables.
• You don’t need to provide a reference or formula since the coefficient of determination is a commonly used statistic.
• You should italicize r ² and R ² when reporting their values (but don’t italicize the ²).
• You shouldn’t include a leading zero (a zero before the decimal point) since the coefficient of determination can’t be greater than one.
• You should provide two significant digits after the decimal point.
• Very often, the coefficient of determination is provided alongside related statistical results, such as the F value , degrees of freedom , and p value .

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If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Chi square test of independence
• Statistical power
• Descriptive statistics
• Degrees of freedom
• Pearson correlation
• Null hypothesis

Methodology

• Double-blind study
• Case-control study
• Research ethics
• Data collection
• Hypothesis testing
• Structured interviews

Research bias

• Hawthorne effect
• Unconscious bias
• Recall bias
• Halo effect
• Self-serving bias
• Information bias

The coefficient of determination (R²) is a number between 0 and 1 that measures how well a statistical model predicts an outcome. You can interpret the R² as the proportion of variation in the dependent variable that is predicted by the statistical model.

There are two formulas you can use to calculate the coefficient of determination (R²) of a simple linear regression .

You can use the summary() function to view the R²  of a linear model in R. You will see the “R-squared” near the bottom of the output.

You can use the RSQ() function to calculate R² in Excel. If your dependent variable is in column A and your independent variable is in column B, then click any blank cell and type “RSQ(A:A,B:B)”.

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Reporting of R 2 Statistics for Mixed-Effects Regression Models

• 1 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
• 2 Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
• Original Investigation Assessing Biological and Methodological Aspects of Brain Volume Loss in Multiple Sclerosis Magí Andorra, MSc; Kunio Nakamura, PhD; Erika J. Lampert, BSc; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, MD, PhD; Irati Zubizarreta, MD; Sara Llufriu, MD, PhD; Eloy Martinez-Heras, PhD; Nuria Sola-Valls, MD; María Sepulveda, MD; Ana Tercero-Uribe, MD; Yolanda Blanco, MD, PhD; Albert Saiz, MD, PhD; Pablo Villoslada, MD, PhD; Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, MD, PhD JAMA Neurology
• Comment & Response Reporting of R 2 Statistics for Mixed-Effects Regression Models—Reply Magi Andorra, MSc; Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, MD, PhD JAMA Neurology

To the Editor We read with interest the article by Andorra et al 1 that evaluated the dynamics of brain volume loss in multiple sclerosis and modeled these variables in mixed-effects regression models as functions of disease duration. The authors report various goodness-of-fit measures of their models, focusing on the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), which ranges from 0 to 1 and represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the model. For a model such as ordinary least squares regression, which includes only fixed-effects components, the interpretation of the R 2 is intuitive and represents the variance of the dependent variable explained by the independent variable(s). For mixed-effects regression models, there are several variance components, which include both fixed and random effects. Andorra et al 1 cite methods developed by Nakagawa and Schielzeth 2 in calculating their article’s R 2 values. The methods of Nakagawa and Schielzeth define R 2 statistics for mixed-effects models as follows: (1) marginal R 2 (variance explained by only fixed effects) and (2) conditional R 2 (variance explained by both fixed and random effects). The marginal R 2 is consistent with how most readers will interpret an R 2 statistic (using the traditional ordinary least squares interpretation). Notably, Nakagawa and Schielzeth recommend that both marginal and conditional R 2 be reported given that they convey unique and distinctive information.

Sotirchos ES , Fitzgerald KC , Crainiceanu CM. Reporting of R 2 Statistics for Mixed-Effects Regression Models. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(4):507. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4720

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Statistics Made Easy

How to Find Coefficient of Determination (R-Squared) in R

The  coefficient of determination  (commonly denoted R 2 ) is the proportion of the variance in the response variable that can be explained by the explanatory variables in a regression model.

This tutorial provides an example of how to find and interpret R 2  in a regression model in R.

Related: What is a Good R-squared Value?

Example: Find & Interpret R-Squared in R

Suppose we have the following dataset that contains data for the number of hours studied, prep exams taken, and exam score received for 15 students:

The following code shows how to fit a multiple linear regression model to this dataset and view the model output in R:

The R-squared of the model (shown near the very bottom of the output) turns out to be  0.7237 .

This means that 72.37% of the variation in the exam scores can be explained by the number of hours studied and the number of prep exams taken.

Note that you can also access this value by using the following syntax:

How to Interpret the R-Squared Value

An R-squared value will always range between 0 and 1.

A value of 1 indicates that the explanatory variables can perfectly explain the variance in the response variable and a value of 0 indicates that the explanatory variables have no ability to explain the variance in the response variable.

In general, the larger the R-squared value of a regression model the better the explanatory variables are able to predict the value of the response variable.

Check out this article for details on how to determine whether or not a given R-squared value is considered “good” for a given regression model.

Related:   How to Calculate Adjusted R-Squared in R

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“From R to your manuscript”

report ’s primary goal is to bridge the gap between R’s output and the formatted results contained in your manuscript. It automatically produces reports of models and data frames according to best practices guidelines (e.g., APA ’s style), ensuring standardization and quality in results reporting.

Installation

The package is available on CRAN and can be downloaded by running:

If you would instead like to experiment with the development version, you can download it from GitHub :

Load the package every time you start R

Tip Instead of library(report) , use library(easystats) . This will make all features of the easystats-ecosystem available. To stay updated, use easystats::install_latest() .

Documentation

The package documentation can be found here .

Report all the things

General workflow.

The report package works in a two step fashion. First, you create a report object with the report() function. Then, this report object can be displayed either textually (the default output) or as a table, using as.data.frame() . Moreover, you can also access a more digest and compact version of the report using summary() on the report object.

The report() function works on a variety of models, as well as other objects such as dataframes:

These reports nicely work within the tidyverse workflow:

t -tests and correlations

Reports can be used to automatically format tests like t -tests or correlations.

As mentioned, you can also create tables with the as.data.frame() functions, like for example with this correlation test:

This works great with ANOVAs, as it includes effect sizes and their interpretation.

Generalized Linear Models (GLMs)

Reports are also compatible with GLMs, such as this logistic regression :

Mixed Models

Mixed models, whose popularity and usage is exploding, can also be reported:

Bayesian Models

Bayesian models can also be reported using the new SEXIT framework, which combines clarity, precision and usefulness.

Other types of reports

Specific parts.

One can, for complex reports, directly access the pieces of the reports:

Report participants’ details

This can be useful to complete the Participants paragraph of your manuscript.

Report sample

Report can also help you create a sample description table (also referred to as Table 1 ).

Report system and packages

Finally, report includes some functions to help you write the data analysis paragraph about the tools used.

If you like it, you can put a star on this repo, and cite the package as follows:

report is a young package in need of affection . You can easily be a part of the developing community of this open-source software and improve science! Don’t be shy, try to code and submit a pull request (See the contributing guide ). Even if it’s not perfect, we will help you make it great!

Code of Conduct

Please note that the report project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct . By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.

Monthly Downloads

Last published, functions in report (0.5.7).

Rivian Q3 Earnings Preview: R2 Revenues Are Path Into The Future, Just Like Tesla's Model 3

Posted: November 6, 2023 | Last updated: November 6, 2023

U.S.-based electric vehicle manufacturer Rivian Automotive Inc (NASDAQ:RIVN) will report third-quarter (Q3) earnings on Nov. 7 after market hours.

The Street expects the company to report a negative $1.33 in EPS and $1.31 billion in revenue for the quarter.

Business & Financials: A lot of the current buzz around Rivian relates to its R2 model. But investors and analysts do realize that these only point to future revenues. Rivian will reveal the R2 in 2024. Manufacturing will likely begin in 2026. Much like Model 3, which took time to translate to revenues for Tesla Inc (NASDAQ:TSLA), R2 will take a couple of years before it can have the desired impact on the automakers’ business.

Investors are cautious due to the company’s earlier-than-anticipated fundraise. Rivian raised $1.5 billion in convertible senior notes, resulting in stock dilution.

Trending: Ford Announces Layoffs For 1,600 Staff At Louisville Assembly Plant - Ford Motor (NYSE:F)

Must Read: TripAdvisor Q3 Earnings Runway Looks Long: Viator To The Rescue?

CEO RJ Scaringe told Reuters that the new capital creates an additional buffer. The company puts meaningful investments into building its smaller R2 vehicle family. Investors are well aware of the company’s cash-strung situation.

Rivian continues to face significant cash burn ($1.62 billion per quarter). The need for continuous capital injection as R&D and production ramp-up, much like any electric vehicle manufacturer. However, having all bets (and investments) on R2 and future cash flows doesn’t appear to helping the stock.

Analyst Ratings & Price Action: RIVN stock is down 45% over the past year. It was trading at $17.71 at close on Friday. Now, Wall Street watchers see this as a buy-the-dip opportunity. Some even see it as an opportune time for Rivian to consider a strategic sale.

Analyst consensus is tilted toward the former. Recent upgrades point to a potential Buy opportunity.

• UBS analyst Joseph Spak rates the stock a Buy with a $24 price target.
• Chris Pierce of Needham reiterated Buy with a price target of $31.
• Cantor Fitzgerald’s Andres Sheppard is Overweight on the stock with a price target of $29.

The company partnered with Amazon.com Inc (NASDAQ:AMZN) to supply EDVs for its deliveries in Germany. That’s one silver lining that analysts are excited about.

Also Read: Rivian Vehicles Charged From Wind, Solar Energy To Be Delivered Soon

© 2023 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.

This article Rivian Q3 Earnings Preview: R2 Revenues Are Path Into The Future, Just Like Tesla's Model 3 originally appeared on Benzinga.com .

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Is Form R Reporting the Same as TRI Reporting?

Written By: Doug Ruhlin | May 20, 2014

Time to Read 3 Minutes

TRI Reporting is no joke. It seems like every year more and more facilities are getting in trouble for non-compliance, and end up facing massive financial penalties. Many people call it by different names, and here we discuss that issue.

When it gets to be this time of year, we start hearing a couple of terms thrown around and we get asked one question particularly a lot:

Is Form R Reporting the same as TRI Reporting?

It's a great question. Both terms refer to Section 313 Reporting (which I'll explain below), so the answer is sort of yes.

What is TRI Reporting?

Let's remember what Toxic Release Inventory Reporting is in the first place. It's required for any facility with a covered SIC code (nearly all industrial facilities), with at least 10 full-time employees (or the equivalent), and which triggers the reporting threshold for any of over 600 chemicals categorized by the USEPA as being “toxic”. The volume of chemical doesn’t have to be present at any one time, it’s determined by cumulative manufacturing, processing, or use over the course of a calendar year. While for most Toxic Release Inventory Reporting chemicals, the threshold is 25,000 pounds, some that are considered particularly toxic (known as Persistent, Bioaccumulative Toxic, or “PBT") have much lower, such as 100 pounds for lead (Pb) and 10 pounds for mercury (Hg).

Yea it's a mouthful.

For a more detailed breakdown, check out our article on What is Toxic Release Inventory Reporting?

Is TRI Reporting the same as Form R Reporting?

In the past, you used to be able to do reporting on paper forms, and submit them to the appropriate state and local agencies. Now, it all has to be done electronically. The form that is most used for reporting is known as “Form R”. Therefore, in the minds of many, Toxic Release Inventory Reporting is also commonly known as Form R Reporting. A bit confusing, but easy to understand, right?

So in some ways, TRI and Form R Reporting are the same thing.

However, I think calling it Form R Reporting doesn’t do justice to the reporting process itself, since there’s also another very important form which can be a real time-saver. That form is known as Form A, and can be used for any non-PBT listed chemical that has less than 500 pounds of releases to the environment. So in a way you could also call it Form A Reporting.

When you report electronically, you’ll see both Form R and Form A. While you have to use Form R to identify your toxic chemicals, Form A is optional, and should be used when it fits the situation since it’s a lot easier.

Bonus! Is TRI Reporting the same as Section 313 Reporting?

We get this a lot, and it just confuses things even more. Section 313 Reporting (a name which I hate by the way) is based off of the section in EPCRA regulations that outline the reporting requirements that many people refer to as TRI. So, yes, it is the same as Section 313 Reporting.

I know what you're thinking. Trust me, I can't stand how this reporting requirement can have so many different names either. Add in the fact regulators call it everything from Form R to Section 313 Reporting, and it just confuses everyone.

It might seem like a small detail, but knowing the terminology of this reporting requirement can make the difference between reporting correctly (or at all), and avoiding a big penalty from the USEPA. If you're struggling with Toxic Release Inventory Reporting this year, let us know by clicking here to contact us , or give us a call at 609-693-8301 to discuss your needs today!

Tags: TRI Reporting , Environmental Compliance

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Momentum behind impeachment inquiry slows under new speaker

The inquiry stagnated during the 3-week fight to elect a new speaker. now, james comer has sent out new subpoenas as speaker mike johnson strikes a more reserved tone..

During the 22-day fight to fill the post of House speaker, the Republican-led impeachment inquiry against President Biden gathered dust on the sidelines.

Closed-door transcribed interviews with various witnesses and investigative work continued. But since then-House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) made the sudden decision to launch a formal inquiry , in part to appease hard-line Republicans who would soon move to oust him from the speaker’s seat, momentum behind the effort has waned.

As Republican lawmakers have resumed regular business, the new speaker of the House, a former member of the Judiciary Committee where a part of the inquiry is being conducted, has staked out a different position than those leading the inquiry.

Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.), a constitutional lawyer by training, has taken a more reserved tone, both publicly and privately, urging members to conduct a thorough and fair investigation with no predetermined outcome. In a closed-door meeting with House GOP moderates this week, he indicated that there is insufficient evidence at the moment to initiate formal impeachment proceedings, according to people who attended the meeting.

“We’ll just go where the evidence goes and we’re not there yet,” Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.) said, paraphrasing Johnson’s comments on the inquiry at the Republican Governance Group’s weekly lunch on Tuesday. “Most of us are saying, look, we can’t even get a single Democratic vote on this right now. I think the voters will reject what they are seeing when it comes to Biden [policies] — but high crimes and misdemeanors? I don’t think we’ve seen that or enough data to really make a good case and I feel like [Johnson] really agreed with us on that.”

So far, House Republicans have not put forth any direct evidence that Biden profited from his son Hunter Biden’s work in Ukraine and elsewhere, nor has the president been linked to any potential wrongdoing in the probe of the Justice Department’s investigation of his son — the two issues Republicans identified when announcing the inquiry. Republicans identified two IRS agents who alleged the administration hamstrung the DOJ’s investigation into the president’s son’s finances. But the special counsel in charge of that investigation has flatly rejected that theory, as have other investigators and witnesses involved with the case. The White House has called the inquiry a “baseless, evidence-free” stunt.

Johnson, who told reporters that he has been “intellectually consistent” in cautioning against a rushed investigation during a news conference last week, has previously accused Biden of bribing or pressuring a foreign leader. During a Fox News appearance over the summer, Johnson accused Biden of wielding taxpayer resources to fire Ukraine’s top prosecutor to benefit his son’s business dealings — an allegation widely disputed by both U.S. and foreign officials. And in another interview on Fox News last week, Johnson said that “if, in fact, all the evidence leads to where we believe it will, that’s very likely impeachable offenses.”

But in this week’s private meeting with moderates, Johnson appeared to agree with Republican lawmakers who argued that since Biden’s polling numbers have been so weak, there is less of a political imperative to impeach him, according to Bacon and others who attended the meeting.

“Is it pragmatic? Does it make sense? Connecting those dots matter,” Rep. Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R-Ore.) said after the meeting. “So I don’t think it makes sense to move down a road unless those dots can be connected, and I think that’s the message he was trying to send to us which we appreciated.”

As Johnson has stressed thoroughness and specificity in the inquiry, House Oversight Committee Chairman James Comer (R-Ky.) has continued to call for formal impeachment proceedings. He issued subpoenas for Hunter Biden and James Biden on Wednesday , requesting the president’s son and brother appear for depositions, and requested voluntary closed-door interviews with other Biden family members, including Hallie Biden, the widow of Hunter’s older brother Beau with whom Hunter Biden had an affair after his brother died, and Hunter’s wife, Melissa Cohen. Comer issued additional subpoenas on Thursday requesting interviews with several of Hunter Biden’s business associates, including his New York City art gallerist, Georges Bergès, and Elizabeth Naftali, a buyer of Hunter Biden’s art who is also a Democratic donor.

Raj Shah, a spokesperson for the speaker, said Johnson “has consistently praised the work of Chairmen [Jim] Jordan, Comer and [Jason] Smith whose investigations have already demonstrated that the President and White House have repeatedly lied about the Biden family’s business dealings with foreign adversaries. He will support their efforts to follow the facts where they lead.”

The subpoenas come as Comer has raised questions about a March 1, 2018, personal check Joe Biden received from his brother James Biden. The check was a loan repayment after Biden transferred $200,0000 to his brother on Jan. 12, 2018, according to documents provided to The Washington Post and to Comer’s committee. But Comer has sought to paint the loan repayment between Biden and his brother in nefarious terms, alleging without evidence that it shows Joe Biden received indirect payments from his son’s foreign business dealings.

Comer dismissed a bank record of a wire payment presented to him by The Post on Wednesday, that showed a $200,000 payment to James Biden that originated from the president’s attorney trust account. Comer alleged without evidence that the law firm representing Joe Biden represents “a bunch of companies that have been money laundering.”

A representative for the firm Monzack Mersky Browder and Hochman did not immediately respond to a request for comment regarding Comer’s unsubstantiated allegation.

Comer has grated some of his colleagues by touting explosive allegations that have not produced a smoking gun upon further scrutiny. The Oversight Committee’s first hearing on the impeachment inquiry, held at the end of September, was privately panned by some Republican members and GOP staff who criticized Comer for tapping witnesses who rebuffed his narrative that there was enough evidence to bring articles of impeachment against the president.

“I do not believe that the current evidence would support articles of impeachment that is something that an inquiry has to establish,” said Jonathan Turley, a George Washington University Law School professor who testified at the hearing at Comer’s request. “But I also believe that the House has passed the threshold for an impeachment inquiry into the conduct of President Biden.”

After the hearing, other normally friendly voices for Republicans came out against moving forward with formal impeachment proceedings, including lawyer Alan Dershowitz, who argued on Fox News that “because the allegations from Republicans revolve around activity from when Biden was vice president and not in his current position in the Oval Office, that precludes him from being impeached.”

Others who have been touted as star witnesses have failed to deliver evidence of wrongdoing by Biden, and some of the central claims of the inquiry have been contradicted in subsequent interviews with witnesses. Testimony from two IRS agents, who came forward after complaining that Justice Department officials had slow-walked and stymied their investigation into Hunter Biden, has been undercut by other officials who appeared before investigators. David Weiss, the federal prosecutor tapped to serve as special counsel investigating Hunter Biden, told lawmakers in an interview this week that he had full authority over the case. He also testified that at no point during the investigation has he been overruled by Justice Department officials.

Weiss disputed the claims that have largely driven Judiciary Committee Chairman Jordan’s (R-Ohio) track of the investigation: “At no time was I blocked, or otherwise prevented from pursuing charges or taking the steps necessary in the investigation by other United States Attorneys, the Tax Division or anyone else at the Department of Justice,” Weiss said in his opening statement to the Judiciary Committee.

Jordan continued to claim after the interview that Weiss was denied authority by the Justice Department because he testified that he was not granted special attorney appointment. While similar to the term special counsel, which has more autonomy, a special attorney is a less formal structure that allows a federal prosecutor in one district to file charges in another district.

Weiss also testified that he never had direct communication with Attorney General Merrick Garland, other than his written request for a special counsel in August, further undercutting accusations that the Biden administration obstructed the investigation into Hunter Biden. Weiss, who was appointed to oversee the probe in 2018 during the Donald Trump administration, did say he had conversations with then-Attorney General William P. Barr.

Several other officials involved with the Hunter Biden investigation appeared for closed-door interviews last month, including two of the U.S. attorneys whom Weiss approached regarding bringing tax fraud charges against Hunter Biden. U.S. attorney for Washington, D.C., Matthew Graves also disputed the IRS agents’ accusations and testified that while his office declined to formally “partner” with Weiss on the case, he offered to support federal prosecutors in “returning whatever charges you want to return in our district.” Hunter Biden was indicted on false-statement and illegal-gun-possession charges in Delaware this summer.

Meanwhile, the chorus of House Republicans urging caution in the inquiry has only grown since Johnson assumed the speaker’s seat, with some arguing that Republicans should not mimic what they viewed as politicized and rushed impeachments against former president Trump.

“We need to have an orderly and fair process about this,” said Rep. Doug LaMalfa (R-Calif.). “You have to go through due process on this and there’s a long ways to go before we start talking about and actually doing that. A lot more work needs to be done on James Comer and Jim Jordan’s committees — it’s got to be ironclad, and it’s got to be right before we start talking the ‘i’ word.”

Marianna Sotomayor contributed to this report.

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Dell Alienware x14 R2 Gaming Laptop (2023) | 14" QHD+ | Core i7-1TB SSD - 32GB RAM - RTX 4060 | 10 Cores @ 4.9 GHz - 13th Gen CPU - 8GB GDDR6 Win 11 Pro

• 32GB | 1TB SSD
• 32GB | 2TB SSD
• 32GB | 4TB SSD
• 16GB | 1TB SSD See available options
• Win 11 Home

About this item

• [Latest And Greatest] Released in 2023 The Alienware x14 R2 Gaming Laptop is Dell's latest release in the 14" Alienware family and comes with all the latest technology including DDR4 Memory clocked at a whopping 3200MHz and a 13th generation Intel 10-core Processor. The Ten cores on the Core i7-13620H processor allows for exceptional multitasking. To save power and prolong battery life the processor will run @ 3.6Ghz under low use but will boost to 4.9GHz under heavy use for powerful performan
• [Display & Graphics] This Alienware x14 R2 Gaming Laptop comes with a 14" Non-Touch Screen with QHD+ (2560x1600) resolution for stunningly clear visuals and a dedicated Nvidia GeForce RTX 4060 graphics card with 8GB of Dedicated Graphics Ram great for gaming or photo and video editing
• [High Speed RAM And Enormous Space] The 32GB DDR4 RAM Running @ 3200MHz will let you smoothly run multiple applications and browser tabs all at once and a 1TB (1000GB) PCIe NVMe M.2 Solid State Drive will provide fast startup, fast data transfers, and allow for large file storage!
• [Operating System] Windows 11 is Microsoft's latest Operating System released in 2022 and if you want to downgrade to the older windows 10, you can downgrade with an easy download from Microsoft's website.Windows Pro comes with everything that Windows Home comes with, plus extra features your organization might require like active directory and bitlocker device encryption (normally an $100 upgrade if purchased seperately).
• [Extra Details] A Wecbam comes integrated. Wifi and Bluetooth come integrated.

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• Dell Alienware x14 R2 Laptop 14" Non-Touch Screen Silver
• i7 i7-13620H Ten-Core Processor 3.6GHz (4.9GHz With Turbo Boost)
• 1TB SSD Hard Drive & 32GB RAM Memory
• 2560x1600 QHD+ resolution Non-Touch with an integrated Webcam and an Nvidia GeForce RTX 4060 Graphics Card
• Wireless Wifi & Bluetooth. Windows 11 Professional

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