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My baby's age on the scan report is different to my stage of pregnancy. What does this mean?

Dr Ashwini Nabar

Unless the difference between your baby's age on the scan report (fetal age) and your weeks of pregnancy (gestational age), is more than two weeks, there's no need to worry. This is because the gestational age is calculated from the first day of your last menstrual period (lmp) and the fetal age is based on your baby's size as measured during a scan.

How is my gestational age calculated?

When you visit your doctor for the first time in your pregnancy, she will calculate how many weeks pregnant you are, starting from the first day of your last menstrual period (lmp). This becomes your gestational age.

How is my baby's fetal age calculated?

When you have an ultrasound scan in pregnancy, the radiologist will measure different parts of your baby's body like her head, abdomen, and femur bone (thigh bone). Accordingly, your baby will be given an age in number of weeks. This is known as the fetal age. At your first scan , your baby isn't developed enough to be measured in this way, but the doctor will be able to see how far your pregnancy has progressed. Based on this, the radiologist will give you a more accurate due date. If your cycle is irregular, or longer or shorter than the usual 28 days, the due date based on your last period can be very different to the due date from the scan, as ovulation and conception could have happened on a different day of your cycle than the usual 14th day. Based on this more accurate due date, your baby's fetal age will be expected to be within a range of two weeks up or down from your current week of pregnancy. You may find that your second trimester scan report indicates different ages for different body parts of your baby. Your baby's legs might correspond to 21 weeks of pregnancy while her head might indicate 20 weeks. This is completely normal as each baby has different proportions and grows slightly differently. If all babies grew exactly the same way, all babies around the world would be the same height and weight when they were born!

Why is there a difference between my gestational age and my baby's fetal age?

It's actually very common for a slight difference in weeks to exist between your gestational age and your baby's fetal age. It happens because there is a natural range of sizes for a fetus at every stage of pregnancy. Just as adults come in different shapes and sizes, so too do babies. A range of up to two weeks is considered normal. Also, your gestational age is often based on when your last menstrual period happened, while your baby's development starts at conception, which is later. More than two weeks of a difference is when your doctor might suspect that something is interfering with how your baby is growing.

My baby is large for my stage of pregnancy (LGA). What does this mean?

If your baby is large for your gestational age (LGA) by more than two weeks, it can mean different things depending on what stage of your pregnancy you are in: First trimester A larger than expected baby in your first trimester could mean that your pregnancy started earlier than you thought and your due date is wrong. Your revised due date based on your baby's size will be used for the rest of your pregnancy. This is possible if you have irregular periods and ovulation. Second trimester If your scan shows a difference of more than two weeks in the second trimester , it could be a sign of gestational diabetes . Gestational diabetes can make your baby grow larger than normal because she's getting more sugar than usual. This extra sugar makes her put on weight and grow larger. If you do develop gestational diabetes, you may find it reassuring to know that it usually goes away on its own once your baby is born. If follow your doctor's advice regarding your diet, exercise and treatment, you are likely to have a healthy pregnancy and your baby to be born in good health.

My baby is small for my gestational age (SGA). What does this mean?

If your baby is smaller than expected by more than two weeks for your gestational age, it could mean that your baby isn't getting enough nutrition . This condition is called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The placenta in your womb filters the nutrients your baby needs from your blood and allows them to pass into your baby's blood through the umbilical cord. If your baby isn't getting the nutrients she needs to grow well, it could be because:

  • There is not enough blood flow in the umbilical cord that carries the nutrient-rich blood to your baby.
  • There is a problem with how the placenta works , making it difficult for the nutrients to pass into your baby's blood.
  • You have a restricted diet and so your body isn't providing enough nutrients for your baby.

To find out if there is a problem, your doctor might ask you to get an ultrasound scan and a Doppler scan . A doppler scan measures the blood flow in the umbilical cord. If there's nothing wrong, you might just have a small baby. If a problem is diagnosed, catching it on time will allow your doctor to keep you and your baby in the best possible health. Know more about IUGR here .

  • Fundal height in pregnancy and measuring big or small for your gestational age
  • Why am I being offered growth scans?
  • Fetal growth chart: length and weight
  • Pregnancy diet charts: trimester by trimester

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BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organisations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies .

Erica Hersh. 2018. Pregnancy Lingo: What Does Gestation Mean? . Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/ Opens a new window Natalia Viarenich. 2021. Gestational Age: How Do You Count Pregnancy Weeks? . Flo. https://flo.health/ Opens a new window Neil K. Kaneshiro. 2021. Gestational age . MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov Opens a new window

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The 20-Week Anatomy Scan

Medical review policy, latest update:, what is the 20-week anatomy scan, what does the 20-week anatomy scan look at, read this next, what happens during the 20-week anatomy scan, does the 20-week ultrasound have any risks.

 While ultrasound technology is considered very safe, practitioners prefer to be extra cautious and minimize intrusions into your womb.

What To Expect When You’re Expecting , 5th Edition, Heidi Murkoff. WhatToExpect.com, Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) , April 2021. WhatToExpect.com, Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) , December 2020. WhatToExpect.com, Ultrasound During Pregnancy , April 2021. WhatToExpect.com, 3D and 4D Ultrasounds During Pregnancy: Baby’s First Photos , April 2021. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Ultrasound Exams , June 2020. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Obstetric Practices , October 2017.

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Pregnancy Ultrasounds Week by Week

When do you get ultrasounds during pregnancy, and why are they usually done? Here's what expectant parents should know about these important prenatal scans.

Why Do People Get Pregnancy Ultrasounds?

First trimester ultrasounds, second trimester ultrasound, third trimester ultrasound, baby ultrasounds for special situations, how many ultrasounds during pregnancy are safe, how much does an ultrasound cost.

During a pregnancy ultrasound, your health care provider or a skilled technician uses a plastic transducer to transmit high-frequency sound waves through your uterus. These sound waves send signals back to a machine that converts them into images of your baby.

Most pregnant people have only a couple of ultrasounds throughout their prenatal care, but some get them more frequently. Read on for a breakdown of the most common types of pregnancy ultrasounds, when you might get them, and what to expect during the prenatal scans.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), health care providers may use baby ultrasounds for the following reasons:

  • Monitoring your baby's growth and development
  • Detecting congenital anomalies
  • Guiding chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis
  • Helping predict your due date
  • Determining whether you're carrying multiples
  • Showing the position of your placenta
  • Estimating your baby's size
  • Measuring amniotic fluid
  • Revealing your baby's genitals

How Many Ultrasounds Will You Get?

Uncomplicated pregnancies typically have fewer ultrasounds than high-risk pregnancies, but how many you receive over the course of your pregnancy will vary. Factors influencing the number of ultrasounds you'll receive include your preference, your provider's standard protocol, ultrasound machine access, medical history, and pregnancy complications.

GETTY IMAGES

Not everyone receives a first-trimester ultrasound during pregnancy. That said, a health care provider may sometimes use them for determining viability, dating the pregnancy, or ruling out suspected complications.

Early pregnancy (6–8 weeks)

Your first ultrasound, also known as a fetal ultrasound or sonogram, could occur as early as six to eight weeks into your pregnancy. In addition to a pregnancy test , some health care providers use ultrasounds to confirm that you're expecting.

According to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), early pregnancy ultrasounds can do the following:

  • Confirm viability
  • Establish gestational age
  • Determine the number of fetuses
  • Determine if multiples share a placenta and amniotic sac

But not everyone will get this early scan. ISUOG does not recommend routine early pregnancy ultrasounds unless there's a clinical indication of a complication. For example, some health care providers will only conduct early ultrasounds for certain high-risk pregnancy conditions like bleeding and abdominal pain, or to rule out ectopic pregnancy, congenital disorders, or miscarriage.

In early pregnancy, ultrasound is usually done transvaginally, which gives the clearest picture of your uterus and embryo at this early stage. In this case, the provider will place a thin wand-like transducer probe—which transmits high-frequency sound waves through your uterus—into your vagina. The sound waves bounce off the fetus and send signals back to a machine that converts these reflections into a black-and-white image of your uterus.

Although the heart structures aren't yet fully developed at six weeks gestation, it's possible to see the electrical impulses of their developing heart (sometimes referred to as embryonic cardiac activity ).

Nuchal translucency ultrasound (10–13 Weeks)

A nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound occurs around weeks 10 to 13 of pregnancy. According to ACOG , this ultrasound measures the space at the back of a fetus' neck. Abnormal measurements can indicate Down syndrome and other congenital disabilities of the heart, abdomen, and skeleton. In addition to an abdominal ultrasound, an NT screening includes measuring hormones and proteins with a blood test.

A nuchal translucency ultrasound is optional for everyone who is pregnant. Sometimes, people choose to have this ultrasound to alleviate concerns about their baby's health. Other times, your health care provider might recommend it if you're at risk of complications or have a family history of congenital disorders.

In addition to screening for anomalies, this pregnancy ultrasound can offer the same information as an earlier scan, including an estimated due date , your baby's "crown-rump length" (measurement from head to bottom), the number of babies in the womb, and fetal cardiac activity.

The second trimester is the most common time for a routine prenatal ultrasound. The anatomy scan, a thorough scan of your baby's developing body and organs, is offered to every pregnant person.

Anatomy scan (18–22 Weeks)

According to ACOG, this detailed pregnancy ultrasound generally happens between weeks 18 and 22 in the second trimester. It's the most thorough check-up your baby will have before they're born.

During the anatomy scan, also called a level II ultrasound, the health care provider will check your baby's heart rate and look for abnormalities in their brain, heart, kidneys, and liver, says Jane Chueh, M.D., director of prenatal diagnosis and therapy at Lucile Children's Hospital Stanford , in Palo Alto, California.

They'll also count your baby's fingers and toes, examine the placenta, and measure the amniotic fluid level. And they'll probably be able to see your baby's genitals to guess your baby's sex , although it's not a slam dunk. If you don't want to know about your baby's genitalia, be sure to inform the technician ahead of time.

Editor's Note

Even though people often look forward to this pregnancy ultrasound to learn their baby's gender, it's important to note that gender is a personal identity that exists on a spectrum, can change over the course of a person's lifetime—and most importantly—is something that a person defines for themselves. Sex is assigned at birth based on the appearance of a baby's genitalia. While sex assigned at birth often matches a person's gender (called cisgender), sometimes it does not.

Many parents-to-be don't need an ultrasound in the third trimester. But if your pregnancy is considered high-risk—or if you didn't get a screening during the first or second trimester—it may be recommended.

For example, if you have high blood pressure, bleeding, low levels of amniotic fluid, preterm contractions , or are over age 35, your doctor may perform in-office, low-resolution ultrasounds during some of your third-trimester prenatal visits for reassurance, says Dr. Chueh.

In addition, if an earlier scan found your placenta was near or covering the cervix ( called placenta previa ), you'll require additional ultrasounds to monitor its location.

Your health care provider may recommend an ultrasound during pregnancy outside of the situations mentioned above. For example, ultrasounds might be indicated if you have certain health conditions that warrant specific monitoring or if you have a procedure that uses ultrasound guidance.

Doppler ultrasound

Doppler ultrasound is a special imaging test showing blood moving through vessels. In pregnancy, a Doppler ultrasound can help determine if your baby's blood is circulating properly. According to a Cochrane review , Doppler ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies may reduce the risk of perinatal death and obstetric interventions.

Your health care provider may recommend fetal Doppler ultrasound in the following circumstances:

  • You have diabetes
  • You have high blood pressure
  • You have heart or kidney problems
  • The placenta does not develop properly
  • Suspected fetal growth problems

Handheld fetal heart rate monitors also utilize Doppler technology. Health care providers commonly use these devices to monitor your baby's heartbeat during prenatal exams and labor. While these are available over the counter, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises against using them at home due to lack of oversight and unnecessary ultrasound exposure.

Guiding ultrasounds

Your health care provider may also order other pregnancy tests that require ultrasounds for guidance. These might include chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, which screen the baby for congenital disorders. Fetal echocardiograms, which show the baby's heart rate and detect anomalies, also use ultrasound technology.

Ultrasound is considered safe for you and your baby when used for medical purposes. Although ultrasounds require no radiation, only a trained professional who can accurately interpret the results should perform them. Your technician should have education in obstetrical ultrasound, preferably at a center accredited by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine .

Some medical practices offer 3D (high quality and lifelike) and 4D (moving picture) ultrasounds, which may help doctors detect specific fetal abnormalities and congenital disorders. However, these exams are also available at fetal portrait studios in places like shopping malls.

Experts discourage these "keepsake" ultrasounds since untrained personnel may give out inaccurate information, says Michele Hakakha, M.D., an OB-GYN in Beverly Hills and author of Expecting 411: The Insider's Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth .

Plus, according to the FDA , although ultrasounds are safe in medical settings, they might heat tissues or produce bubbles (cavitation) during use if not performed correctly. Experts aren't sure about the long-term effects of heated tissues or cavitation, especially when not medically indicated. Therefore, the FDA advises that people use ultrasound scans judiciously—only when there is a medical need, based on a prescription, and performed by appropriately-trained health care providers.

Ultrasounds aren't cheap ; they can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars, depending on your location and health care provider. However, most health insurance plans will cover the cost of prenatal ultrasounds (at least partially) if they are for medical purposes. Always ask your health care provider and insurance company if you're unsure how much you will need to pay.

Ultrasound Exams , ACOG, 2021

Pregnancy Ultrasound Evaluation . StatPearls [Internet] . 2023.

ISUOG Practice Guidelines: performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan . Wiley’s Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2012

Role of ultrasound in the evaluation of first-trimester pregnancies in the acute setting . Ultrasonography . 2020.

Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests . American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . 2020.

Sonography 3rd Trimester and Placenta Assessment, Protocols, and Interpretation . StatPearls [Internet] . 2023.

Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 6. Art . 2017.

Ultrasound Imaging . U.S. Food and Drug Administration . 2020.

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How to Tell a Baby's Sex on the Ultrasound

Verywell / Photo illustration by Michela Buttignol / Getty Images

Prenatal Ultrasound

Girl ultrasound signs, boy ultrasound signs, other ways to determine sex.

Most parents today will want to find out the sex of their baby before birth. One of the most common ways to do this is with an ultrasound, most frequently performed at between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation .

According to a 2012 study published in the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology , no less than 69% of parents wanted to know. Among the reasons cited, 77.8% wanted to know "out of curiosity," 68% "just wanted to know," and 66.8% did so "because it was possible."

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Your Baby's Ultrasound: What to Expect

A prenatal ultrasound is a non-invasive test that uses audible sound waves to produce images of a fetus's shape and position in the uterus. It is a preferred method of imaging during pregnancy as it neither involves radiation nor poses harm to either the fetus or mother.

An ultrasound is routinely used at different stages of the pregnancy . While most practitioners will wait until at least six weeks to perform the first ultrasound, the gestational sac may be seen as early as four and a half weeks, while a heartbeat may be detected as early as five.

Between weeks 18 and 20 , a trained sonographer will perform a detailed anatomy scan called a level 2 ultrasound . It is at this time that the sonographer will measure the size of your baby, check the major organs, measure the level of amniotic fluid to make sure that it's right, and check the position of the placenta.

By this stage of fetal development, you should also be able to find out the sex of your baby . While telling the difference can sometimes be tricky, there are a few things the sonographer will look for to make the determination.

When a sonographer does a level 2 exam, what is seen on ultrasound is far more important than what is not seen. With regards to determining sex, what this means is that the absence of a penis does not inherently mean that you have a girl.

With that being said, over 99% of ultrasounds performed between weeks 18 and 20 will make the correct determination. It is only when it is performed before week 14 that the rate of accuracy can drop significantly.

According to a 2014 study from Australia, which reviewed 642 fetal ultrasound results performed between weeks 11 and 14, the overall success rate in determining fetal sex was 75%. The most common mistake was to assign male fetuses as female.

When determining the sex of the fetus on ultrasound, the sonographer will look for characteristic features known as signs. For girls , there are two signs to look for:

  • Hamburger sign : This is the moniker given to the appearance of the labia and clitoris on an ultrasound. If you look closely at the image, you will see that the labia lips would look similar to a hamburger bun, while the clitoris would resemble the hamburger patty.
  • Sagittal sign : Each sex has a sagittal sign. It is obtained by looking at a profile view of the fetus (known as the midline sagittal plane). There is a nub at the end of the spine, called the caudal notch. If it is pointing downward at a 10-degree angle, then the fetus is a girl.

You would think that male fetuses would be easier to identify than females, but that's not always the case. This is especially true before week 14. By weeks 18 to 20, the determination for a baby boy would be based on the following signs:

  • Sagittal sign : If the caudal notch is pointing upward at more than a 30-degree angle, then the fetus is a boy. If it is somewhere in between, it may be harder to make a definitive determination.
  • Flow of urine : The flow of urine can sometimes be spotted in a fetus. If it is moving upward, then it is more likely a boy.
  • Male genitalia : Often be seen by weeks 18 to 20, the presence of male genitalia, including testicles, scrotum, and penis, is a clear sign of male sex.

In addition to an ultrasound, the sex of your baby can be confirmed with an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Amniocentesis is a procedure in which fluid is extracted from the sac surrounding your baby with a needle and syringe. CVS involves taking cells from the placenta with a needle.

While both procedures carry risks, they are extremely accurate in making the determination and can return a result by as early as week 11 (for CVS) and week 15 (for amniocentesis).

In fact, the same study published in Obstetrics and Gynecology concluded that 65% of parents preferred to know the baby's sex after an amniocentesis compared to 28% who preferred an ultrasound. This was despite the fact that 96.2% of women believed that an ultrasound was a reliable means of determining the sex of her baby .

Kooper AJ, Pieters JJ, Eggink AJ, et al. Why do parents prefer to know the fetal sex as part of invasive prenatal testing? . ISRN Obstet Gynecol . 2012;2012:524537. doi:10.5402/2012/524537

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Ultrasound exams .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation .

Kearin M, Pollard K, Garbett I. Accuracy of sonographic fetal gender determination: Predictions made by sonographers during routine obstetric ultrasound scans . Australas J Ultrasound Med . 2014;17(3):125-130. doi:10.1002/j.2205-0140.2014.tb00028.x

Kearin M, Pollard K, Garbett I. Accuracy of sonographic fetal gender determination: Predictions made by sonographers during routine obstetric ultrasound scans . Australian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine . 2014;17(3):125-130. doi:10.1002/j.2205-0140.2014.tb00028.x

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Amniocentesis .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Prenatal genetic diagnostic tests .

Manzanares S, Benítez A, Naveiro-Fuentes M, et al. Accuracy of fetal sex determination on ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy J Clin Ultrasound. 2016;44(5):272-277. doi:10.1002/jcu.22320.

By Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH is a professor, author, childbirth and postpartum educator, certified doula, and lactation counselor.

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Estimated Fetal Weight & Growth Percentile Calculator

Enter the gestational age in weeks and fetal measurements in mm to calculate percentiles.

How calculations are based

This estimated fetal weight calculator will calculate percentiles as well as the estimated fetal weights based ultrasound data and on many published formulas.* Calculations are based on the 4 common fetal measurements, biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), and abdominal circumference (AC).

usg report at 21 weeks

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What is the estimated fetal weight?

Fetal ultrasound measurements show how the baby is growing and also help detect abnormalities. The estimation of fetal weight during pregnancy is among the most important examinations done. These measurements may help your doctor determine whether the baby is too small (intrauterine growth restriction: IUGR) or too big (large for gestational age: LGA).

usg report at 21 weeks

Why is fetal weight important?

Babies that are too small or too large have higher risks of complications. Because the early detection of growth abnormalities may help to manage complications more appropriately even before the baby is born, monitoring fetal growth is an important part of antepartum care. Monitoring can be done through several steps including palpating the uterus and the fetus, measuring the size of the uterus, and performing a sonogram. A sonogram will measure various parts of the fetus, including the head, abdomen, and upper thighbone.

What determines fetal weight?

The growth of the fetus (and the percentile of the ultrasound sonogram) during pregnancy is dependent on many factors such as genetic, placental and maternal factors. Under normal circumstances, the fetus' inherent growth potential yields a newborn of appropriate size (not too big or too small) with a wide range of ‘normal’ sizes. The maternal-placental-fetal units act in harmony to provide the needs of the fetus while supporting the physiologic changes of the mother. When there is a limitation of growth potential in a fetus, that is comparable to failure to thrive in the infant. The causes of both can be intrinsic or environmental. The key is to detect any growth issues as early as possible.

What is considered "small for gestational age"?

Small for Gestational Age (SGA) is a term that refers to an infant or fetus in the uterus that is smaller in size than is expected for an infant or a fetus of similar gender, genetic heritage, and gestational age.  SGA or Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)  are usually identified by ultrasound before birth or an examination after birth.  Birth weight  below the 10th percentile of the population, corrected for gestational age, has been the most widely used definition of SGA and IUGR. 

Neonatal growth restriction is recognized as a syndrome encompassing small size as well as specific metabolic abnormalities including hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level), hypothermia (low body temperature), and polycythemia (increased level of red blood cells).

* Published formulas for percentiles and estimated fetal weights are based ultrasound data and on many published formulas including those by Hadlock, Shepard, Woo, Shinozuka, Ott, Combs, Warsof, Campbell, and many others. 

Read More: What Is an Anatomic Ultrasound During Pregnancy? Estimating Fetal Weight Via Ultrasound Fetal Growth Calculator

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Tips to Find Your Baby Gender in the Scan Report

Introduction.

While ultrasounds are primarily done to ensure the baby is growing and healthy, for parents, the most exciting part of the ultrasound is that you can get to find out the sex of your little bundle of joy. But how accurate are the ultrasounds readings? Are there other ways to determine the sex of a baby? This article will give you the basic understanding of how to find baby gender in scan report and more.

usg report at 21 weeks

What Is an Ultrasound?

The ultrasound or sonogram uses energy waves to scan the fetus. The process sends high-frequency low-power waves to the uterus in the woman's stomach and these waves bounce back when they hit the surface of the fetus and detect changes. A computer is used that generates an image from the signals bounced back.

The size of the baby can be measured and the ultrasound helps assess the growth and development of the fetus. These scans can help detect any abnormalities with the fetus development such as Down Syndrome, spina bifida, cleft palate, cardiac anomalies and a wide range of other physical malformations. But how can it help determine the gender of the baby?

Can You Find Baby Gender in Scan Reports?

Ultrasound timing.

The most accurate readings to determine the gender of the fetus is done between 18 and 20 weeks. Some mothers can find out earlier at 16 weeks if the fetus is positioned right and the technician is highly skilled, but most often these readings are not as accurate because the fetus is too small and the baby may still be going through transformations.

Baby's Position

How to find baby gender in scan report relies a lot on the position of the baby. Some babies just do not want to cooperate to give a clear look at the gender. Some remain tightly curled in a ball or happen to move just as the technician is trying to get a clear view, which often means you just have to wait until the following appointment.

Number of Fetus

Expecting twins or more? It can be more difficult to determine the sex of the babies since each of the babies can obstruct the view of their brothers or sisters from the view of the technician.

Women who are overweight or obese may have a more difficult time seeing the gender of their baby. The additional body mass can result in an unclear image and while the technician can make a prediction of the sex, it might not be correct. So women who are overweight or obese are often advised to expect the unexpected and have another name picked out just in case.

How to Find Baby Gender in Scan Report

Determining the sex of a baby by viewing the genitals can be a challenge since the umbilical cord can get in the way of a clear view. Most often the technician will look for a 'turtle sign' or 'hamburger sign' in predicting the sex. If the baby is a boy, the genitalia will resemble a turtle; if it is a girl, the genitalia will resemble a hamburger which consists of the labia and the clitoris nestled in the middle.

usg report at 21 weeks

Position of Placenta

The Ramzi methods can be used at six weeks that may be able to give a clue of whether the fetus will be a boy or a girl. While this method has been controversial, it can prepare parents for what to expect. This method looks at where the placenta is attached to the uterus. Most boys will have placenta that is attached on the right and most girls turn out to have placenta on the left of the uterus.

usg report at 21 weeks

Other Ways to Find Out Baby Gender

Chorionic villi sampling.

This type of testing is done between 11-14 weeks during the pregnancy and is an invasive testing. The samples retrieved look at the chromosomes of the fetus to determine the sex of the baby. It involves a needle being inserted through the vagina or uterus to collect cells from the placenta. This testing is typically done more to detect chromosomal abnormalities if the women have a history of genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in her family or if she is over 35. There are some serious risks that come with this type of testing, but it yields almost a 100% accuracy rate.

Amniocentesis

Women who are over 35 and have a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities are encouraged to have the amnio fluid around the baby tests in the second trimester around 15 weeks. While the risks of this testing are rare, they can be quite severe. Miscarriages, fetal injury, amniotic fluid leaking, infection and even the needle harming the baby can occur. Finding baby gender in a scan test may not be as accurate as this invasive test, but is a lot safer for mother and child.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing

Non-invasive parental testing is one of the safest ways to determine the gender of the fetus and can be done at around 10 weeks. It yields a 98-99% accuracy rate and women of any age can have it done whether they are high risk or not. This testing extracts the fetal DNA from the mother's blood and if a Y chromosome is present, the baby is a boy.

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At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.

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  • Amniotic fluid index (AFI)

The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is an estimate of the amniotic fluid volume in a pregnant uterus. It is part of the fetal biophysical profile . 

  • the uterus is divided into four imaginary quadrants with the linea nigra and a mediolateral line running through the umbilicus acting as the vertical and the horizontal axes respectively
  • the deepest pocket devoid of an umbilical cord and fetal parts is measured in the vertical dimension
  • measurement of the four pockets is in centimeters
  • the sum of all the four quadrant measurements is the AFI
  • normal AFI values range from 5 to 25 cm 

The normal range for amniotic fluid volumes varies with gestational age. Typical values include:

  • AFI between 5-25 cm is considered normal; median AFI level is ~14 cm from week 20 to week 35, after which the amniotic fluid volume begins to reduce
  • value changes with age: the 5 th percentile for gestational ages is most often taken as the cut-off value, and this is around an AFI of 7 cm for second and third-trimester pregnancies; an AFI of 5 cm is two standard deviations from the mean
  • AFI >25 cm is considered to be polyhydramnios
  • 1. Magann E, Sanderson M, Martin J, Chauhan S. The Amniotic Fluid Index, Single Deepest Pocket, and Two-Diameter Pocket in Normal Human Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(6):1581-8. doi:10.1067/mob.2000.107325 - Pubmed
  • 2. Hallak M, Kirshon B, Smith E, Cotton D. Amniotic Fluid Index. Gestational Age-Specific Values for Normal Human Pregnancy. J Reprod Med. 1993;38(11):853-6. - Pubmed
  • 3. Porter T, Dildy G, Blanchard J, Kochenour N, Clark S. Normal Values for Amniotic Fluid Index During Uncomplicated Twin Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(5 Pt 1):699-702. doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00006-3 - Pubmed

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  • Australas J Ultrasound Med
  • v.17(3); 2014 Aug

Logo of ajum

Accuracy of sonographic fetal gender determination: predictions made by sonographers during routine obstetric ultrasound scans

Manette kearin.

1 South Coast Ultrasound for Women, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

Karen Pollard

2 Charles Sturt University, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

Ian Garbett

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of sonographer predictions of fetal gender during routine ultrasounds. Primarily, the study sought to investigate the accuracy of predictions made in the first trimester, as requests from parents wanting to know the gender of their fetus at this early scan are becoming increasingly common. Second and third trimester fetuses were included in the study to confirm the accuracy of later predictions. In addition, the mother's decision to know the gender was recorded to determine the prevalence of women wanting prenatal predictions. Methods : A prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in a specialist private obstetric practice in the Illawarra, NSW. A total of 640 fetuses across three trimesters were examined collectively by seven sonographers. Fetal gender was predicted using the sagittal plane only in the first trimester and either the sagittal or transverse plane in later trimesters. Phenotypic gender confirmation was obtained from hospital records or direct telephone contact with women postnatally.

Results : Results confirmed 100% accuracy in predictions made after 14 weeks gestation. The overall success rate in the first trimester group (11–14 weeks) was 75%. When excluding those scans where a prediction could not be made, success rates increased to 91%. Results were less accurate for fetuses younger than 12 weeks, with an overall success rate of 54%. Male fetuses under 13 weeks were more likely to have gender incorrectly or unable to be assigned. After 13 weeks, success rates for correctly predicting males exceeded that of female fetuses. Statistical differences were noted in the success rates of individual sonographers. Sixty seven percent of women were in favour of knowing fetal gender from ultrasound. Publicly insured women were more likely to request gender disclosure than privately insured women.

Conclusions : Sonographic gender determination provides high success rates in the first trimester. Results vary depending on sonographer experience, fetal age and fetal gender. Practice guidelines regarding gender disclosure should be developed. Predictions prior to 12 weeks should be discouraged.

Introduction

It is nearly 40 years since ultrasound was first used to evaluate the obstetric patient, 1 today ultrasound scanning is firmly entrenched in antenatal care. The value of ultrasound screening in detecting and monitoring fetal malformation, placental position and multiple pregnancies is undeniable 2 . Initially fetal gender assignment by ultrasound was indicated in fetuses at risk of sex and X‐linked disorders in order to reduce the need for invasive testing. 2 However, it is now typically performed in response to parental wishes.

Most commonly gender predictions are made in the second or third trimester, however with improvements in ultrasound technology 4 identification of fetal gender in the first trimester is becoming a reality.

The 1989 study conducted by Emerson et al . 3 was the first to identify the ‘sagittal sign’ 3 as a means of determining gender at first trimester ultrasounds. This study found that a focal bulge creating a cranial acute angle indicated male genitalia, while a bulge creating a caudal acute angle indicated female genitalia 3 ( Figure 1 ).

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Diagrammatic representation of the ‘sagittal sign’ described by Emerson.

A similar description was utilised by Whitlow, et al . 4 When viewing a fetus in the sagittal plane, a cranial or vertically directed fetal phallus was noted to be a feature of the male fetus. Female genitalia demonstrate a caudally directed phallus which is considered to represent the clitoris. 4

Some studies 5 , 6 have explored the possibility of quantifying the angle of the tubercle or phallus. The angle of the genital tubercle to a horizontal line through the lumbosacral surface was measured with a protractor. An angle of > 30 ° was assigned a male fetus. A female was assigned when the genital tubercle was parallel or convergent to the horizontal line (< 10°). In the study conducted by Youssef, et al . 6 the best cut‐off for male gender determination was found to be between 27° and 29°. These studies involved an independent researcher performing measurements away from the clinical setting. It was an intention of this study to make subjective predictions during routine scans without the patient being aware that gender was being assessed (when required). For these reasons quantifying the angle was not considered.

The numbers of parents desiring to know their fetus's gender was also of interest. A study conducted by Shipp, et al . 7 found that 58% of parents had learned or planned to learn the gender of their baby. Their study was conducted in 2001 at a large referral centre in Boston (USA). In a study conducted at the Nepean Hospital (NSW, Australia) in 2008, it was found that 64% of mothers wanted to know the sex of their baby. 8 The study conducted at Nepean Hospital, found common factors related to maternal desire to seek fetal gender. These included low education level, low income level, increased parity and having no partner. 8 The common demographic factors found in the study by Shipp, et al . 7 included partners not employed in fulltime work, low household income, unwed mothers, maternal age (< 22 and > 40 years) and the lack of a college degree. While the scope of this study did not extend to investigating the factors impacting the decision to pursue fetal gender determination, it did seek to quantify the numbers of patients making gender requests. The study allowed definition of those patients with private health cover to those birthing through the public system.

At the practice where the present study was conducted, requests for fetal gender predictions during first trimester, routine nuchal translucency (NT) screening were being frequently heard. For sonographers it was becoming increasingly difficult to navigate the issue of gender disclosure. Sonographers at this practice were keen to explore their own abilities and limitations. There was also a need to develop formal practice policy guidelines regarding disclosure of fetal gender.

As a result, this study sought to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of gender predictions made by sonographers during routine scans. The results would then be used to guide sonographers and develop practice guidelines.

Methods and materials

This prospective study was conducted at a private specialist obstetrics/gynaecology practice in the Illawarra (NSW, Australia). The practice is the main referral centre in the Illawarra and South Coast region. Women were referred by general practitioners, hospital doctors, midwives and private obstetricians. Of the women who attended the practice for their obstetric ultrasound scans, approximately one third had private health insurance. Two thirds of the women used the publicly funded, universal health care system operated by Medicare Australia and were likely to birth at the local public hospital.

In the Illawarra, women generally had three routine scans during their pregnancy. These include the first trimester scan (NT scan), a 19–week morphology scan, and a third trimester fetal wellbeing scan (34 weeks).

All scans were attended on General Electric E8 ultrasound machines by one of seven sonographers. Sonographer experience ranged from a third year trainee sonographer to a sonographer with more than 30 years experience. During the study period, two locum sonographers were employed to cover permanent staff on leave. While both were very experienced, neither performed any scan in the first trimester group.

Standard policy and procedure guidelines were strictly followed throughout the study period (specific practice and ASUM guidelines 9 ). The length of scan time was not increased for the purpose of obtaining study data.

Ethics approval was obtained from Charles Sturt University (approval number 414/2012/15).

Pregnant women who attended the practice for a routine scan within the study period (January 2013) were recruited. Patients booked for nuchal translucency scans (first trimester), morphology scans (second trimester) and fetal growth and wellbeing scans (third trimester) were included. Patients under the age of 16 and those unable to read or understand English were excluded from the study.

On arrival for their ultrasound, women were informed of the study and were provided with written information. Informed consent was then obtained from those women willing to participate. Participation was voluntary. Women were reassured that the gender prediction would not be conveyed to them unless they specifically requested it. The signed consent form and a data collection sheet were attached to the referral form. Prior to commencing the scan, sonographers ensured the consent form was complete and provided an opportunity for further information or clarification. The ultrasound was then conducted in the usual manner.

At the conclusion of each scan, when the woman had left the room, sonographers completed the data collection form. The form contained simple options enabling the sonographer to complete it quickly and easily by placing a cross in the appropriate boxes. The form indicated the attending sonographer, pertinent patient details, age of fetus, gender prediction, reason for a failure to predict gender (if applicable) and the woman's desire to know gender. Once complete, the data collection form was sealed in an envelope and securely stored with the expected delivery date and place of delivery recorded on the front.

After the delivery date had passed, the phenotypic gender was sought and recorded on the data sheet. The birth gender was obtained through hospital records or by direct phone contact with women.

Fetuses in the second and third trimesters were scanned in either transverse or sagittal planes at the discretion of the attending sonographer. Prior to the study, sonographers were instructed to view the genital area of first trimester fetuses in a sagittal view only. A caudally directed tubercle was to be recorded a female, a cranial directed tubercle was recorded as a male, using the same technique described by Emerson, et al . 3 The following ultrasound images depict examples of both a male and female fetus ( Figure 2 and ​ and3 3 ).

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Object name is AJUM-17-125-g002.jpg

Male fetus at 12 weeks 5 days.

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Object name is AJUM-17-125-g003.jpg

Female fetus at 12 weeks 3 days.

During the study period, scans were performed on a total of 640 fetuses. Third trimester gender predictions were made on 217 fetuses, including one twin pregnancy. Two hundred and fifteen fetuses were included in the second trimester group including five twin pregnancies. The first trimester group included 208 fetuses of which there were three twin pregnancies. Gestational age was calculated from either LMP, a previous dating scan or taken from referral details.

All data was entered and tabulated using the Microsoft Excel program. The three trimester groups were entered separately to allow for individual analysis. Statistical analysis using Chi squared test and the Z statistic were used, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Of the 640 fetuses, 323 (50.5%) were born male and 317 (49.5%) were born female. Only one fetus was excluded from the study due to ambiguous genitalia and other anomalies (Trisomy 21 was confirmed on invasive testing). Phenotypic gender was confirmed for all study participants.

Gender assignment was possible in 215 of the 217 (99%) fetuses in the third trimester group. Increased maternal body mass index (BMI) and unfavourable fetal lie contributed to the two fetuses without gender assignment. Correct gender assignment was achieved in all remaining fetuses.

Gender assignment was possible in 214 of 215 (99.5%) fetuses in the second trimester scan. In one case the gender could not be determined due to increased maternal BMI, uterine fibroids and unfavourable fetal lie. Correct gender was achieved in all remaining fetuses.

Results were significantly different for the first trimester group. Gender assignment was attempted in 87% (181 of 208) of fetuses. In the majority of cases the reasons for inability to predict gender included unfavourable lie and increased maternal BMI.

The overall success rate of predicting fetal gender in the first trimester was 75% (156/208). When excluding those fetuses where a prediction was not made, correct determination increased to 91% (156/181). The full results of the first trimester group are shown in Table 1 .

First trimester results.

The above table demonstrates how accuracy rates improved with advancing gestational age. For fetuses in the 11–11week six‐day group, success rates were poor. Only 54% (13/24) were correctly predicted. Fetuses between 12–12 weeks 6 days, demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in predictions. Overall, 77% (110/143) of fetuses in this group were predicted correctly. For fetuses between 13–13 weeks 6 days, success rates rose to 79% (30/38). Although only a small number of fetuses were examined between 14 weeks and 16 weeks, all were correctly predicted.

The feasibility rate of making predictions was relatively stable through each of the groups. For those fetuses in the 11–week group the ‘unable to be assigned’ rate was 12.5%. While 13 % of fetuses in the 12–week and 13 week groups were unable to be assigned.

Gender‐specific differences in accuracy rates were noted. Predictive errors were more common in young male fetuses. Male fetuses under 12 weeks gestation were correctly predicted 37.5% of the time compared to 62.5% of female fetuses in the same group. For male fetuses under 13 weeks, 69% were correctly predicted compared to 86% of females. Once fetuses reached 13 weeks, more male fetuses were correctly predicted compared to female fetuses (84% to 71%). Using a Chi‐squared Test, results according to gender were found to be statistically significant (87.2% confidence).

Gender‐specific differences in feasibility rates were also noted. In the 11 and 12 week groups combined, 17% of males were ‘unable to be assigned’ compared to 9% of females. By 13 weeks more females were represented in the ‘unable to be assigned’ category. Gender specific differences are highlighted in Table 2 .

Gender specific differences in the first trimester.

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Object name is AJUM-17-125-g004.jpg

There was a statistical difference in the accuracy rates among sonographers (P value = 0.00055). When comparing the five sonographers who scanned fetuses in the first trimester, the overall success rates were 77%, 49%, 86.5%, 71% and 100%. The rate of inability to predict was 7%, 41%, 5%, 11% and 0%. The rate of incorrect predictions was 16%, 10%, 8%, and 18% and 0% ( Table 3 ). It is important to note that the sonographer who obtained a 100% accuracy rate had only attended six first trimester ultrasound scans within the study period. The remaining four sonographers attended 28 ultrasound scans or more.

Individual sonographer results.

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Of the total study sample, 67% of women wanted to know or had already sought fetal gender determination. Of the privately insured women, only 50% opted to know their fetus' gender compared to 75% of women within the public health system.

The results of this study indicate ultrasound gender predictions by sonographers are 100% sensitive for accurately predicting the gender in the second and third trimesters. The overall success rate of correctly identifying fetal gender in the first trimester was much lower (75%). This result was also lower than several other studies. 5 , 6 , 10 , 11 There are several possible explanations for this finding. Firstly, this study included predictions made by sonographers with varying levels of experience. In particular, the trainee sonographer (sonographer B) recorded significantly more fetuses in the ‘unassigned’ group, thus affecting overall success rates. Secondly, the practice where this study was attended has a policy allowing support people and their children to attend ultrasounds. Consequently, sonographers often deal with multiple distractions. In studies where predictions were made by researchers away from the clinical setting, 5 , 6 , 10 , 11 these factors would be negated. The study conducted by Whitlow, et al . 4 was attended under similar conditions to this study. Predictions were made by visual assessment of the direction of the fetal phallus only by multiple sonographers in real‐time scanning situations. 4 Their success rates were 75% for 12 weeks and 79% at 13 weeks 4 which are comparable to the results in this study.

It must also be noted that the study did not allow for an increase in scan time and many parents did not wish to know the gender of their fetus. Some prediction errors may have been made as a result of time constraints or by sonographers attempting to minimising parents viewing the fetal genital area.

This study demonstrated a strong correlation between fetal age and accuracy rates of gender predictions. Interestingly success rates for predictions on fetuses under 12 weeks were very poor (54%). When using the z‐test statistic it was found that the predictive ability of sonography (using this sample) was not significantly better than guessing. For fetuses between 12 weeks and 12 weeks and 6 days overall success rates reached 77%. This climbed to 79% and then 100% in the following weeks. Comparable results were noted in other studies. 4 , 10 The study by Whitlow, et al . 4 found that the overall success rates of correctly assigning fetal gender increased with gestational age from 46% to 75%, 79% and 90% at 11, 12, 13 and 14 weeks respectively. The study by Hsiao, et al . 10 showed the same trend. Success rates rose from 71.9% at 11 weeks to 92% and 98.3% in subsequent weeks. 10

Feasibility rates in this study were not found to be affected by gestational age. Approximately 12–13% of fetuses were classified as ‘unable to be assigned’ in the 11 week, 12 week and 13 week groups. These results were not reflected in other studies. 2 , 4 Whitlow, et al . 4 found that at 11 weeks, 41% of fetuses were unable to be assigned. This decreased to 13%, 8% and 2% at 12, 13 and 14 weeks respectively. 4 The study conducted by Hsiao, et al. 10 found fetal gender was unable to be assigned in 40.6% of fetuses in the 11 week group. 10 This fell to 5.4% in the 12–week group and 2.3% in the 13 week group. 10

Results of this study indicate that more errors occur with young male fetuses than young female fetuses. The accuracy of predicting males compared to females has shown conflicting results in previous studies. Several studies 12 – 15 found significant differences between success rates of predicting male fetuses. Younger males were predicted incorrectly more commonly. In contrast, the study conducted by Chelli, et al . 11 found accuracy rates were not different between sexes (87.9% to 83.3%).

Differences in success rates between genders are not unexpected when considering normal embryology. From 12 weeks gestation pronounced gender specific changes occur in the structure of the urogenital sinus. 15 In males the urogenital sinus is replaced by the scrotal and urethral raphe. This process, combined with elongation of the genital tubercle, displaces the phallus to a raised position. 15 Therefore male fetuses show an increase in the angle of the genital tubercle from the horizontal with increasing crown‐rump length. 15 Until this process has occurred gender predictions are unreliable.

The experience and skill of the sonographer requires consideration. This study highlighted the differences between success rates of an inexperienced sonographer and those with at least five years experience. Results showed while the trainee sonographer had comparable numbers of incorrect predictions, she was much more likely to refrain from making a prediction. The similar study by Whitlow, et al . 4 found no statistical difference in the accuracy rates among six different operators.

It is also important to note that sonographers in this study were completing high volumes of early fetal scans, and as a result, may be more confident in making predictions than those seeing few obstetric patients. Further study opportunities exist to examine the impact of experience levels and sonographer accuracy rates. In particular, a study comparing sonographers working in general practices to those working in a specialist practice would be of interest.

In this study the proportion of parents who request fetal gender determination varied between the women in the public health system and women with private health insurance. While individual demographic factors were not recorded, it may be possible that fewer privately insured women choose prenatal gender determination due to reasons associated with their typically higher maternal age, education and economic status. This assumption is supported by Shipp, et al . 7 and Bauman, et al . 8 whose studies identified common demographic factors that lead to an increased desire to know fetal gender.

Requests from parents for fetal gender determination at ultrasounds are common. These requests are now being heard during first trimester scans. While sonographers who perform high volumes of obstetric ultrasounds are very accurate in providing gender predictions in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, lower accuracy rates are obtained in the first trimester. Sonographers need to make women aware that errors occur with early predictions, particularly those made prior to 12 weeks, and that predictions cannot always be made. Sonographers should have an awareness of their skill and limitations in order to adequately counsel women. Specific practice policies regarding gender disclosure would provide guidance and protection to staff.

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Sample Diagnostic Ultrasound Reports

Box 3.1 Sample Diagnostic Shoulder Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Shoulder Date of Study: March 11, 2017 Patient Name: Juan Atkins Registration Number: 8675309 History: Shoulder pain, evaluate for rotator cuff abnormality Findings: No evidence of joint effusion. The biceps brachii long head tendon is normal without tendinosis, tear, tenosynovitis, or subluxation/dislocation. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor tendons are also normal. No subacromial-subdeltoid bursal abnormality and no sonographic evidence for subacromial impingement with dynamic maneuvers. The posterior labrum is unremarkable. Additional focused evaluation at site of maximal symptoms was unrevealing. Impression: Unremarkable ultrasound examination of the shoulder. No rotator cuff abnormality. Box 3.2 Sample Diagnostic Shoulder Ultrasound Report: Abnormal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Shoulder Date of Study: March 11, 2017 Patient Name: Chazz Michael Michaels Registration Number: 8675309 History: Shoulder pain, evaluate for rotator cuff abnormality Findings: There is a focal anechoic tear of the anterior, distal aspect of the supraspinatus tendon measuring 1 cm short axis by 1.5 cm long axis. The anterior margin of the tear is adjacent to the rotator interval. There is no involvement of the subscapularis, infraspinatus, or rotator interval. A moderate amount of infraspinatus and supraspinatus fatty degeneration is present. There is a small joint effusion distending the biceps brachii tendon sheath and moderate distention of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa. No biceps brachii long head tendon abnormality and no subluxation/dislocation. Mild osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. Additional focused evaluation at site of maximal symptoms was unrevealing. Impression: Focal or incomplete full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscle atrophy. Box 4.1 Sample Diagnostic Elbow Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Elbow Date of Study: March 11, 2011 Patient Name: Kevin Saunderson Registration Number: 8675309 History: Elbow pain, evaluate for tendon abnormality Findings: No evidence of joint effusion or synovial process. The biceps brachii and brachialis are normal. The common flexor and extensor tendons are also normal. No significant triceps brachii abnormality. The anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament complex are normal. The ulnar nerve, radial nerve, and median nerve at the elbow are unremarkable. No abnormality in the cubital tunnel region with dynamic imaging. Additional focused evaluation at site of maximal symptoms was unrevealing. Impression: Unremarkable ultrasound examination of the elbow. Box 4.2 Sample Diagnostic Elbow Ultrasound Report: Abnormal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Elbow Date of Study: March 11, 2011 Patient Name: Ricky Bobby Registration Number: 8675309 History: Elbow pain, evaluate for tendon abnormality Findings: There is a partial-thickness tear of the distal biceps brachii tendon involving the superficial short head tendon with approximately 2 cm of retraction but with intact long head. Dynamic evaluation shows continuity of the long head excluding full-thickness tear. No joint effusion. The triceps brachii, common extensor, and common flexor tendons are normal. The ulnar, radial, and median nerves are unremarkable, including dynamic evaluation of the ulnar nerve. Unremarkable ulnar and lateral collateral ligaments. No bursal distention. Impression: Partial-thickness tear of the distal biceps brachii tendon. Box 5.1 Sample Diagnostic Wrist Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Wrist Date of Study: March 11, 2011 Patient Name: Derrick May Registration Number: 8675309 History: Numbness, evaluate for carpal tunnel syndrome Findings: The median nerve is unremarkable in appearance, measuring 8 mm 2 at the wrist crease and 7 mm 2 at the pronator quadratus. No evidence of tenosynovitis. The radiocarpal, midcarpal, and distal radioulnar joints are normal without effusion or synovial hypertrophy. The wrist tendons are normal without tear or tenosynovitis. Normal dorsal component of the scapholunate ligament. No dorsal or volar ganglion cyst. Unremarkable Guyon canal. Additional focused evaluation at site of maximal symptoms was unrevealing. Impression: Unremarkable ultrasound examination of the wrist. Box 5.2 Sample Diagnostic Wrist Ultrasound Report: Abnormal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Wrist Date of Study: March 11, 2011 Patient Name: Jacobim Mugatu Registration Number: 8675309 History: Numbness, evaluate for carpal tunnel syndrome Findings: The median nerve is hypoechoic and enlarged, measuring 15 mm 2 at the wrist crease and 7 mm 2 at the pronator quadratus. No evidence for tenosynovitis. The radiocarpal, midcarpal, and distal radioulnar joints are normal without effusion or synovial hypertrophy. The wrist tendons are normal without tear or tenosynovitis. Normal dorsal component of the scapholunate ligament. No dorsal ganglion cyst. A 7-mm volar ganglion cyst is noted between the radial artery and flexor carpi radialis tendon. Unremarkable Guyon canal. Additional focused evaluation at site of maximal symptoms was unrevealing. Impression: 1. Ultrasound findings compatible with carpal tunnel syndrome. 2. A 7-mm volar ganglion cyst. Box 6.1 Sample Diagnostic Hip Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Right Hip Date of Study: March 11, 2016 Patient Name: Jack White Registration Number: 8675309 History: Hip pain, evaluate for bursitis Findings: The hip joint is normal without effusion or synovial hypertrophy. Limited evaluation of the anterior labrum is unremarkable. No evidence of iliopsoas bursal distention or snapping iliopsoas tendon with dynamic imaging. The remaining anterior tendons, including the rectus femoris and sartorius, as well as the adductors, are normal. Evaluation of the lateral hip is normal. No evidence of abnormal bursal distention around the greater trochanter. The gluteus minimus and medius tendons are normal. No abnormal snapping with dynamic evaluation. Impression: Unremarkable ultrasound examination of the hip. Box 6.2 Sample Diagnostic Hip Ultrasound Report: Abnormal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Right Hip Date of Study: March 11, 2016 Patient Name: Brennan Huff Registration Number: 8675309 History: Hip pain, evaluate for tendon tear Findings: There is a partial tear of the adductor longus origin at the pubis. No evidence of full-thickness tear or tendon retraction. The common aponeurosis and rectus abdominis tendon are normal, as is the pubic symphysis. The hip joint is normal without effusion or synovial hypertrophy. There is a possible tear of the anterior labrum. No paralabral cyst. No evidence of iliopsoas bursal distention or snapping iliopsoas tendon with dynamic imaging. Evaluation of the lateral hip is normal. No evidence of abnormal bursal distention around the greater trochanter. The gluteus minimus and medius tendons are normal. No abnormal snapping with dynamic evaluation. Impression: 1. Partial-thickness tear of the proximal adductor longus. 2. Possible anterior labral tear. Consider MR arthrography if indicated. Box 7.1 Sample Diagnostic Knee Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Right Knee Date of Study: March 11, 2016 Patient Name: Meg White Registration Number: 8675309 History: Trauma Findings: The extensor mechanism, including the quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar tendon, is normal without bursal abnormalities. No significant joint effusion or synovial hypertrophy. The medial collateral and lateral collateral ligaments are normal. Unremarkable iliotibial tract, biceps femoris, popliteus tendon, and common peroneal nerve. No Baker cyst. Limited evaluation of the menisci is unremarkable. Impression: Unremarkable ultrasound examination of the right knee. Box 7.2 Sample Diagnostic Knee Ultrasound Report: Abnormal, Complete Examination: Ultrasound of the Right Knee Date of Study: March 11, 2016 Patient Name: Frank Ricard Registration Number: 8675309 History: Pain, evaluate for cyst Findings: The extensor mechanism, including the quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar tendon, is normal. There is a moderate-sized joint effusion and no synovial hypertrophy or intra-articular body. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments are normal, as is the iliotibial tract, biceps femoris, popliteus tendon, and common peroneal nerve. There is medial compartment joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation with mild extrusion of the body of the medial meniscus, which is abnormally hypoechoic. No parameniscal cyst. There is a Baker cyst measuring 2 × 2 × 6 cm. Abnormal hypoechogenicity is noted at the inferior margin of the Baker cyst. There is also a hypoechoic cleft involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, which extends to the articular surface. Impression: 1. Baker cyst with evidence for rupture. 2. Medial compartment osteoarthritis with moderate joint effusion. 3. Suspect posterior horn medial meniscal tear. Consider MRI for confirmation if indicated.

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Packers injury report features 21 players to begin Week 18

T he Green Bay Packers' first injury report of Week 18 featured a season-high 21 players, including 18 from the 53-man roster. The report was released Wednesday ahead of Sunday's finale against the Chicago Bears at Lambeau Field.

The team added eight players with new or aggravated injuries coming out of Sunday night's win in Minnesota, including running back A.J. Dillon (neck), safety Rudy Ford (hamstring), outside linebacker Preston Smith (ankle), center Josh Myers (neck) and linebacker Isaiah McDuffie (neck/concussion).

Dillon, Ford, Smith and McDuffie didn't practice during Wednesday's walkthrough. Neither did Elgton Jenkins, who is now dealing with knee and ankle injuries.

The Bears had six players on their first injury report, including cornerback Jaylon Johnson, tight end Cole Kmet, receiver Darnell Mooney and long snapper Patrick Scales. All four did not participate on Wednesday. Receiver D.J. Moore was limited with an ankle injury.

There was good news on the Packers side: Jaire Alexander was a full participant, De'Vondre Campbell returned to practice in a full capacity, Christian Watson returned in a limited capacity and both Jayden Reed and Dontayvion Wicks were available to practice in a limited capacity.

The Packers will practice Thursday and Friday before issuing a final injury report with playing status designation on Friday afternoon.

This article originally appeared on Packers Wire: Packers injury report features 21 players to begin Week 18

Sep 18, 2022; Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA; Green Bay Packers linebacker Preston Smith (91) reacts after a sack in the fourth quarter during game against the Chicago Bears at Lambeau Field. Mandatory Credit: Benny Sieu-USA TODAY Sports

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COMMENTS

  1. My baby's age on the scan report is different to my stage of pregnancy

    What does this mean? Medically reviewed by Dr Ashwini Nabar, Gynaecologist and Obstetrician Written by Diane Rai | 4 Oct 2022 Photo credit: iStock.com / KatarzynaBialasiewicz It's normal for some difference between the gestational age and fetal age to exist, as babies develop in a normal range of shapes and sizes.

  2. Ultrasound In Pregnancy: What To Expect, Purpose & Results

    A prenatal ultrasound (or sonogram) is a test during pregnancy that checks on the health and development of your baby. An obstetrician, nurse midwife or ultrasound technician (sonographer) performs ultrasounds during pregnancy for many reasons. Sometimes ultrasounds occur to check on your baby and make sure they're growing properly.

  3. A pictorial guide for the second trimester ultrasound

    This pictorial guide is provided as, despite a large volume of literature on the subject, it is difficult to find a single publication that describes the landmarks and range of images which are most useful to look for when performing the second trimester ultrasound.

  4. Hadlock Ultrasound Measurements Based on Gestational Age

    Updated on July 19, 2021 How big should your baby be now? This chart outlines expected ultrasound measurements (in mm) based on gestational age. Track your pregnancy Get expert guidance and personalized insights to stay healthy through every week of your pregnancy. Get the app! BPD: biparietal diameter (the diameter between the 2 sides of the head

  5. Fetal Ultrasound Measurements in Pregnancy

    Amos Grünebaum Updated on March 4, 2021 Why get an ultrasound? Fetal ultrasound measurements can show how the baby is growing and detect abnormalities. During pregnancy, many different ultrasounds measurements can be done.

  6. Due Date by Ultrasound Calculator

    1. Insert the date when you had your ultrasound in the "Date of ultrasound" field. 2. Insert the week and day of your pregnancy that was estimated by the ultrasound — this is the gestational age of the fetus or how far you are in your pregnancy.

  7. The 20-Week Anatomy Scan

    The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) says that women should get at least one sonogram in the second trimester of pregnancy, and virtually all practitioners now order an ultrasound anatomy scan for their moms-to-be. At this appointment, a trained sonographer will perform a detailed anatomy scan.

  8. Pregnancy Ultrasounds: When and Why They're Done

    A nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound occurs around weeks 10 to 13 of pregnancy. According to ACOG, this ultrasound measures the space at the back of a fetus' neck. Abnormal measurements can ...

  9. Level 2 Ultrasound: The 20-Week Anatomy Scan

    Medically reviewed by Andrea Chisholm, MD A detailed anatomy ultrasound is recommended during pregnancy, between 18 and 22 weeks gestation. Also known as a level 2 ultrasound, anatomy scan, or anomaly scan, the aim of this imaging is for your provider to assess your baby's health and development.

  10. Sonography 1st Trimester Assessment, Protocols, and Interpretation

    Ultrasonography is a commonly used tool to evaluate the status of pregnancy. Complications arising from pregnancy are frequently-encountered complaints in emergency departments (EDs) and prenatal clinics. Though home pregnancy tests are increasingly popular, some women may discover they are pregnant for the first time in the outpatient setting. In the United States, approximately one-third of ...

  11. How to Tell a Baby's Gender on the Ultrasound

    According to a 2014 study from Australia, which reviewed 642 fetal ultrasound results performed between weeks 11 and 14, the overall success rate in determining fetal sex was 75%. The most common mistake was to assign male fetuses as female. Girl Ultrasound Signs

  12. Fetal ultrasound parameters: Reference values for a local perspective

    The study was conducted on 425 pregnant females with 217 (51%) in the second trimester (18-28 weeks) and 208 (49%) in the third trimester (29- 38 weeks) of pregnancy. The age group of the females included in the study was from 18 to 39 years and the gravida ranged from 1 to 6.

  13. Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy

    INTERGROWTH-21 st was a multicenter, multiethnic, population-based project, conducted between 2009 and 2014 in eight countries 11. Its primary aim was to study growth, health, nutrition and neurodevelopment from < 14 weeks' gestation to 2 years of age, using the same conceptual framework as that of the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study 12, 13.

  14. Estimated Fetal Weight & Growth Percentile Calculator

    How calculations are based. This estimated fetal weight calculator will calculate percentiles as well as the estimated fetal weights based ultrasound data and on many published formulas.*. Calculations are based on the 4 common fetal measurements, biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), and abdominal circumference ...

  15. Obstetric ultrasonography

    Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries, as it can provide a variety of information about the health of the mother, the timing and progress of ...

  16. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: performance of first‐trimester fetal

    It has been recommended, therefore, that all pregnant women be offered an early ultrasound scan between 10 and 13 completed weeks (10 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks) to determine gestational age and to detect multiple pregnancies 47.

  17. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of 11-14‐week

    Performing a routine first-trimester ultrasound examination at 11 + 0 to 14 + 0 weeks' gestation is of value for confirming viability and plurality, accurate pregnancy dating, screening for aneuploidies, identification of major structural anomalies and screening for preterm pre-eclampsia.

  18. Tips to Find Your Baby Gender in the Scan Report

    Yes! Scans are one of the most accurate ways to identify the gender of the baby. With a 98% accuracy rate, you can easily predict the gender of your baby, but remember this will differ from person to person. Some factors that can affect the accuracy of identifying the gender include: Ultrasound Timing

  19. Amniotic fluid index

    The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is an estimate of the amniotic fluid volume in a pregnant uterus. It is part of the fetal biophysical profile . Technique the uterus is divided into four imaginary quadrants with the linea nigra and a mediolateral line running through the umbilicus acting as the vertical and the horizontal axes respectively

  20. Accuracy of sonographic fetal gender determination: predictions made by

    This decreased to 13%, 8% and 2% at 12, 13 and 14 weeks respectively. 4 The study conducted by Hsiao, et al. 10 found fetal gender was unable to be assigned in 40.6% of fetuses in the 11 week group. 10 This fell to 5.4% in the 12-week group and 2.3% in the 13 week group. 10

  21. PDF ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Performance of a 11‐14 weeks ultrasound scan

    11-14-week ultrasound scan Clinical Standards Committee The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a scientific organization that encourages sound clinical practice and high-quality teaching and research related to diagnostic imaging in women's healthcare. The ISUOG Clinical Standards

  22. Sample Diagnostic Ultrasound Reports

    Sample Diagnostic Wrist Ultrasound Report: Normal, Complete. Examination: Ultrasound of the Wrist. Date of Study: March 11, 2011. Patient Name: Derrick May. Registration Number: 8675309. History: Numbness, evaluate for carpal tunnel syndrome. Findings: The median nerve is unremarkable in appearance, measuring 8 mm 2 at the wrist crease and 7 mm ...

  23. Fetal gender screening by ultrasound at 11 to 13 +6 weeks

    At 11 weeks' gestational age (crown-rump length 'CRL' between 45 and 57 mm) the accuracy of gender identification was only 71.9% of those cases where a determination was made, at 12 weeks (CRL 57-67 mm) the accuracy was 92%, and at 13 weeks (CRL 67-84 mm) the accuracy rose to 98.3%. ... However, following the report by Hsieh et al. in ...

  24. Packers injury report features 21 players to begin Week 18

    The Green Bay Packers' first injury report of Week 18 featured a season-high 21 players, including 18 from the 53-man roster. The report was released Wednesday ahead of Sunday's finale against the ...