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Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

– Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving –

⇓   Introduction to 8D

⇓   What is 8D

⇓   Why Apply 8D

⇓   When to Apply 8D

⇓   How to Apply 8D

Quality and Reliability Support | Quality-One

Introduction to Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D) is a problem solving methodology designed to find the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. When it’s clear that your product is defective or isn’t satisfying your customers, an 8D is an excellent first step to improving Quality and Reliability.

Ford Motor Company developed this problem solving methodology, then known as Team Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS), in the 1980s. The early usage of 8D proved so effective that it was adopted by Ford as the primary method of documenting problem solving efforts, and the company continues to use 8D today.

8D has become very popular among manufacturers because it is effective and reasonably easy to teach. Below you’ll find the benefits of an 8D, when it is appropriate to perform and how it is performed.

What is Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D problem solving process is a detailed, team oriented approach to solving critical problems in the production process. The goals of this method are to find the root cause of a problem, develop containment actions to protect customers and take corrective action to prevent similar problems in the future.

The strength of the 8D process lies in its structure, discipline and methodology. 8D uses a composite methodology, utilizing best practices from various existing approaches. It is a problem solving method that drives systemic change, improving an entire process in order to avoid not only the problem at hand but also other issues that may stem from a systemic failure.

8D has grown to be one of the most popular problem solving methodologies used for Manufacturing, Assembly and Services around the globe. Read on to learn about the reasons why the Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving may be a good fit for your company.

8D - Problem Solving Format

Why Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D methodology is so popular in part because it offers your engineering team a consistent, easy-to-learn and thorough approach to solving whatever problems might arise at various stages in your production process. When properly applied, you can expect the following benefits:

  • Improved team oriented problem solving skills rather than reliance on the individual
  • Increased familiarity with a structure for problem solving
  • Creation and expansion of a database of past failures and lessons learned to prevent problems in the future
  • Better understanding of how to use basic statistical tools required for problem solving
  • Improved effectiveness and efficiency at problem solving
  • A practical understanding of Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
  • Problem solving effort may be adopted into the processes and methods of the organization
  • Improved skills for implementing corrective action
  • Better ability to identify necessary systemic changes and subsequent inputs for change
  • More candid and open communication in problem solving discussion, increasing effectiveness
  • An improvement in management’s understanding of problems and problem resolution

8D was created to represent the best practices in problem solving. When performed correctly, this methodology not only improves the Quality and Reliability of your products but also prepares your engineering team for future problems.

When to Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D problem solving process is typically required when:

  • Safety or Regulatory issues has been discovered
  • Customer complaints are received
  • Warranty Concerns have indicated greater-than-expected failure rates
  • Internal rejects, waste, scrap, poor performance or test failures are present at unacceptable levels

How to Apply Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

The 8D process alternates inductive and deductive problem solving tools to relentlessly move forward toward a solution. The Quality-One approach uses a core team of three individuals for inductive activities with data driven tools and then a larger Subject Matter Expert (SME) group for the deductive activities through brainstorming, data-gathering and experimentation.

D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D

Proper planning will always translate to a better start. Thus, before 8D analysis begins, it is always a good idea to ask an expert first for their impressions. After receiving feedback, the following criterion should be applied prior to forming a team:

Collect information on the symptoms

Use a Symptoms Checklist to ask the correct questions

Identify the need for an Emergency Response Action (ERA), which protects the customer from further exposure to the undesired symptoms

D1: Form a Team

A Cross Functional Team (CFT) is made up of members from many disciplines. Quality-One takes this principle one step further by having two levels of CFT:

  • The Core Team Structure should involve three people on the respective subjects: product, process and data
  • Additional Subject Matter Experts are brought in at various times to assist with brainstorming, data collection and analysis

Teams require proper preparation. Setting the ground rules is paramount. Implementation of disciplines like checklists, forms and techniques will ensure steady progress.  8D must always have two key members: a Leader and a Champion / Sponsor:

  • The Leader is the person who knows the 8D process and can lead the team through it (although not always the most knowledgeable about the problem being studied)
  • The Champion or Sponsor is the one person who can affect change by agreeing with the findings and can provide final approval on such changes

D2: Describe the Problem

The 8D method’s initial focus is to properly describe the problem utilizing the known data and placing it into specific categories for future comparisons. The “Is” data supports the facts whereas the “Is Not” data does not. As the “Is Not” data is collected, many possible reasons for failure are able to be eliminated. This approach utilizes the following tools:

  • Problem Statement
  • Affinity Diagram (Deductive tool)
  • Fishbone/Ishikawa Diagram (Deductive tool)
  • Problem Description

D3: Interim Containment Action

In the interim, before the permanent corrective action has been determined, an action to protect the customer can be taken. The Interim Containment Action (ICA) is temporary and is typically removed after the Permanent Correct Action (PCA) is taken.

  • Verification of effectiveness of the ICA is always recommended to prevent any additional customer dissatisfaction calls

D4: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Escape Point

The root cause must be identified to take permanent action to eliminate it. The root cause definition requires that it can be turned on or off, at will. Activities in D4 include:

  • Comparative Analysis listing differences and changes between “Is” and “Is Not”
  • Development of Root Cause Theories based on remaining items
  • Verification of the Root Cause through data collection
  • Review Process Flow Diagram for location of the root cause
  • Determine Escape Point, which is the closest point in the process where the root cause could have been found but was not

D5: Permanent Corrective Action (PCA)

The PCA is directed toward the root cause and removes / changes the conditions of the product or process that was responsible for the problem. Activities in D5 include:

  • Establish the Acceptance Criteria which include Mandatory Requirements and Wants
  • Perform a Risk Assessment /  Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) on the PCA choices
  • Based on risk assessment, make a balanced choice for PCA
  • Select control-point improvement for the Escape Point
  • Verification of Effectiveness for both the PCA and the Escape Point are required

D6: Implement and Validate the Permanent Corrective Action

To successfully implement a permanent change, proper planning is essential. A project plan should encompass: communication, steps to complete, measurement of success and lessons learned. Activities in D6 include:

  • Develop Project Plan for Implementation
  • Communicate the plan to all stakeholders
  • Validation of improvements using measurement

D7: Prevent Recurrence

D7 affords the opportunity to preserve and share the knowledge, preventing problems on similar products, processes, locations or families. Updating documents and procedures / work instructions are expected at this step to improve future use. Activities in D7 include:

  • Review Similar Products and Processes for problem prevention
  • Develop / Update Procedures and Work Instructions for Systems Prevention
  • Capture Standard Work / Practice and reuse
  • Assure FMEA updates have been completed
  • Assure Control Plans have been updated

D8: Closure and Team Celebration

Teams require feedback to allow for satisfactory closure. Recognizing both team and individual efforts and allowing the team to see the previous and new state solidifies the value of the 8D process. Activities in D8 include:

  • Archive the 8D Documents for future reference
  • Document Lessons Learned on how to make problem solving better
  • Before and After Comparison of issue
  • Celebrate Successful Completion

8D - D0 Reference Card

8D and Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

The 8D process has Root Cause Analysis (RCA) imbedded within it. All problem solving techniques include RCA within their structure. The steps and techniques within 8D which correspond to Root Cause Analysis are as follows:

  • Problem Symptom is quantified and converted to “Object and Defect”
  • Problem Symptom is converted to Problem Statement using Repeated Whys
  • Possible and Potential Causes are collected using deductive tools (i.e. Fishbone or Affinity Diagram)
  • Problem Statement is converted into Problem Description using Is / Is Not
  • Problem Description reduces the number of items on the deductive tool (from step 3)
  • Comparative Analysis between the Is and Is Not items (note changes and time)
  • Root Cause theories are developed from remaining possible causes on deductive tool and coupled with changes from Is / Is Not
  • Compare theories with current data and develop experiments for Root Cause Verification
  • Test and confirm the Root Causes

Is Is Not Example

Example: Multiple Why Technique

The Multiple / Repeated Why (Similar to 5 Why) is an inductive tool, which means facts are required to proceed to a more detailed level. The steps required to determine problem statement are:

  • Problem Symptom is defined as an Object and Defect i.e. “Passenger Injury”
  • Why? In every case “SUV’s Roll Over”
  • Why? In every case, it was preceded by a “Blown Tire”
  • Why? Many explanations may be applied, therefore the team cannot continue with another repeated why past “Blown Tire”
  • Therefore, the Problem Statement is “Blown Tire”
  • Why? Low (Air) Pressure, Tire Defect (Degradation of an Interface) and High (Ambient) Temperature
  • Counter measures assigned to low pressure and tire defect

This example uses only 4 of the 5 Whys to determine the root causes without going further into the systemic reasons that supported the failure. The Repeated Why is one way to depict this failure chain. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) could also be used.

3 Legged 5 Why

Learn More About Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)

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Article • 8 min read

8D Problem Solving Process

Solving major problems in a disciplined way.

By the Mind Tools Content Team

(Also known as Global 8D Problem Solving)

8d problem solving sheet

When your company runs into a major problem, you need to address it quickly. However, you also need to deal with it thoroughly and ensure that it doesn't recur – and this can take a lot of effort and elapsed time.

The 8D Problem Solving Process helps you do both of these seemingly-contradictory things, in a professional and controlled way. In this article, we'll look at the 8D Problem Solving Process, and we'll discuss how you can use it to help your team solve major problems.

Origins of the Tool

The Ford Motor Company® developed the 8D (8 Disciplines) Problem Solving Process, and published it in their 1987 manual, "Team Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS)." In the mid-90s, Ford added an additional discipline, D0: Plan. The process is now Ford's global standard, and is called Global 8D.

Ford created the 8D Process to help teams deal with quality control and safety issues; develop customized, permanent solutions to problems; and prevent problems from recurring. Although the 8D Process was initially applied in the manufacturing, engineering, and aerospace industries, it's useful and relevant in any industry.

The eight disciplines are shown in figure 1, below:

Figure 1: The 8D Problem Solving Process

8d problem solving sheet

The 8D Process works best in teams tasked with solving a complex problem with identifiable symptoms. However, you can also use this process on an individual level, as well.

Applying the Tool

To use the 8D Process, address each of the disciplines listed below, in order. Take care not to skip steps, even when time is limited; the process is only effective when you follow every step.

Discipline 0: Plan

Before you begin to assemble a team to address the problem, you need to plan your approach. This means thinking about who will be on the team, what your time frame is, and what resources you'll need to address the problem at hand.

Discipline 1: Build the Team

You should aim to put together a team that has the skills needed to solve the problem, and that has the time and energy to commit to the problem solving process.

Keep in mind that a diverse team is more likely to find a creative solution than a team of people with the same outlook (although if outlooks are too diverse, people can spend so much time disagreeing that nothing gets done).

Create a team charter that outlines the team's goal and identifies each person's role. Then, do what you can to build trust and get everyone involved in the process that's about to happen.

If your team is made up of professionals who haven't worked together before, consider beginning with team-building activities to ensure that everyone is comfortable working with one another.

Discipline 2: Describe the Problem

Once your team has settled in, describe the problem in detail. Specify the who, what, when, where, why, how, and how many; and use techniques like CATWOE and the Problem-Definition Process to ensure that you're focusing on the right problem.

Start by doing a Risk Analysis – if the problem is causing serious risks, for example, to people's health or life, then you need to take appropriate action. (This may include stopping people using a product or process until the problem is resolved.)

If the problem is with a process, use a Flow Chart , Swim Lane Diagram , or Storyboard to map each step out; these tools will help your team members understand how the process works, and, later on, think about how they can best fix it.

Discovering the root cause of the problem comes later in the process, so don't spend time on this here. Right now, your goal is to look at what's going wrong and to make sure that your team understands the full extent of the problem.

Discipline 3: Implement a Temporary Fix

Once your team understands the problem, come up with a temporary fix. This is particularly important if the problem is affecting customers, reducing product quality, or slowing down work processes.

Harness the knowledge of everyone on the team. To ensure that each person's ideas are heard, consider using brainstorming techniques such as Round Robin Brainstorming or Crawford's Slip Writing Method , alongside more traditional team problem solving discussions.

Once the group has identified possible temporary fixes, address issues such as cost, implementation time, and relevancy. The short-term solution should be quick, easy to implement, and worth the effort.

Discipline 4: Identify and Eliminate the Root Cause

Once your temporary fix is in place, it's time to discover the root cause of the problem.

Conduct a Cause and Effect Analysis to identify the likely causes of the problem. This tool is useful because it helps you uncover many possible causes, and it can highlight other problems that you might not have been aware of. Next, apply Root Cause Analysis to find the root causes of the problems you've identified.

Once you identify the source of the problem, develop several permanent solutions to it.

If your team members are having trouble coming up with viable permanent solutions, use the Straw Man Concept to generate prototype solutions that you can then discuss, tear apart, and rebuild into stronger solutions.

Discipline 5: Verify the Solution

Once your team agrees on a permanent solution, make sure that you test it thoroughly before you fully implement it, in the next step.

  • Conducting a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to spot any potential problems.
  • Using Impact Analysis to make sure that there will be no unexpected future consequences.
  • Using Six Thinking Hats to examine the fix from several different emotional perspectives.

Last, conduct a Blind Spot Analysis to confirm that you and your team haven't overlooked a key factor, or made an incorrect assumption about this solution.

Discipline 6: Implement a Permanent Solution

Once your team reaches a consensus on the solution, roll your fix out. Monitor this new solution closely for an appropriate period of time to make sure that it's working correctly, and ensure that there are no unexpected side effects.

Discipline 7: Prevent the Problem From Recurring

When you're sure that the permanent solution has solved the problem, gather your team together again to identify how you'll prevent the problem from recurring in the future.

You might need to update your organization's standards, policies, procedures, or training manual to reflect the new fix. You'll likely also need to train others on the new process or standard. Finally, you'll need to consider whether to change your management practices or procedures to prevent a recurrence.

Discipline 8: Celebrate Team Success

The last step in the process is to celebrate and reward your team's success . Say "thank you" to everyone involved, and be specific about how each person's hard work has made a difference. If appropriate, plan a party or celebration to communicate your appreciation.

Before the team disbands, conduct a Post-Implementation Review to analyze whether your solution is working as you thought, and to improve the way that you solve problems in the future.

In the late 1980s, Ford Motor Company developed the 8D (8 Disciplines) Problem Solving Process to help manufacturing and engineering teams diagnose, treat, and eliminate quality problems. However, teams in any industry can use this problem solving process.

The eight disciplines are:

  • Build the Team.
  • Describe the Problem.
  • Implement a Temporary Fix.
  • Identify and Eliminate the Root Cause.
  • Verify the Solution.
  • Implement a Permanent Solution.
  • Prevent the Problem From Recurring.
  • Celebrate Team Success.

The 8D Problem Solving Process is best used with a team solving complex problems; however, individuals can also use it to solve problems on their own.

Ford is a registered trademark of the Ford Motor Company: https://www.ford.com/

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  • 8D Problem Solving Template

Subject: Template

  • Learn Lean Sigma

8D Problem Solving Template - Feature Image - Learnleansigma

8D Problem Solving Excel Template

8D Problem solving does not need to be an unstructured problem-solving processes with our 8D Problem Solving Excel Template. This template is designed to streamline your problem-solving journey by providing a structured and systematic approach. With a clear to follow and customizable fields, you can easily track your problem-solving progress and store important information.

Download now and experience a hassle-free problem-solving process that saves you time and effort. Best of all, it’s completely free to download!

Learn More about 8D Problem solving

Requirements

Training information.

Here are some of the key features of the 8D Problem Solving Excel Template:

Structured 8D approach: Follows the standard 8D (Eight Discipline) problem-solving methodology for effective and efficient problem resolution.

Customizable Sections: Allows you to tailor the template to fit your specific needs and requirements.

User-friendly Design : Easy-to-use interface with clear and concise information flow.

Problem tracking: Keep track of the progress made in solving a problem and monitor its status.

Evidence collection: Store and organize relevant information, such as root cause analysis, corrective actions, and verification results.

Time-saving: Automates completion of fields from previous sheets so the problem-solving process and saves you time and effort compared to manual methods.

Completely free: This template is completely free to download and use, providing a cost-effective solution for your problem-solving needs.

This template works on any recent Microsoft Excel software, including Office 365.

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8D Problem Solving2 - Learnleansigma

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8d problem solving sheet

Examples Of 8D Problem-Solving

Product defects are not uncommon but an organization must act quickly to eliminate them. This will ensure customers have a…

8D Report Example

Product defects are not uncommon but an organization must act quickly to eliminate them. This will ensure customers have a good experience and the brand doesn’t suffer. In the event of a complaint, an organization can rely on the analysis of an 8D report sample to address errors and improve quality.

The 8D methodology is a structured and systematic approach to problem-solving. From an 8D problem-solving example it’s clear that it not only identifies a problem but also recognizes the weaknesses in the system. Analysis of an 8D report example prevents future occurrences of similar issues.

Examples Of 8D Reports

8d problem-solving report example, 8d problem-solving example.

An 8D problem-solving example shows the strength of this model lies in its methodology, structure and discipline. Organizations can effectively use an 8D report example to analyze defects, its root causes and ways to implement corrective actions.

Let’s have a look at these 8D reports.  

An organization had a problem with holes appearing in its metal cast toy parts. They found that about 3% of their last batch received complaints after operations due to pin-hole defects. An analysis was submitted after the purchase head asked for a full 8D report example . Here’s a look at the 8D report sample that was submitted.

D1 : Names of team members, team leader and manager.

D2 : The problem reported by the customer is described by answering the following questions:

  • What is the problem? A pin-hole defect
  • Who reported it? Tulip Pvt Ltd
  • When did it occur? Seen in the last batch
  • Why did it happen? Due to a defect in the casting base
  • How much production is affected? 3% of the products are defective.

  These questions aim to simplify their approach to problem-solving.

D3 : Once the problem is defined, the defective parts are segregated.

D4 : The root cause of the problem is identified by answering the following questions:

  • Why is there a pin-hole defect?
  • Why are core problems arising?
  • Why wasn’t the core cured properly?
  • Why was drying/curing time not modified?

These questions reveal that curing time was not validated and that was the root cause of the problem.  

D5 : A permanent corrective plan is recommended to the quality assurance engineer. It is proposed that product and process should be validated for new drying time.

D6 : Permanent corrective actions are implemented. 10 samples are collected. Product and process characteristics of each sample are checked.

D7 : Preventive measures are recommended to ensure the problem doesn’t recur.

D8 : Team and individual contributions are recognized by the manager. The team leader and team members are rewarded for their efforts.  

An organization received customer complaints about shrinkage on an automobile part. The management demanded a thorough analysis based on an 8D problem-solving example . Here’s the 8D report sample that was submitted:

D1 : A team is created with supply team members, team leader and manager.

D2 : A customer complaint is used to describe the problem. The problem is established by answering the following questions:

  • What is the complaint? Shrinkage on sump.
  • When was it seen? In the last batch.
  • Why did it happen? Due to a defect in the entrance area.
  • Who reported the problem? Albert D’Souza
  • How much production is affected? Nearly 2%

These questions allow the team to devise a containment plan.  

D3 : As a containment action the team decides to stop consignments and segregate the good parts immediately.

D4 : To identify the root cause, the team has to answer the questions defining the problem. They are:

  • Why was there a shrinkage at the ingate area?
  • Why were high pouring temperatures used?
  • Why was the pyrometer reading incorrect?
  • Why was the pyrometer condition not checked?

The root cause of the problem is revealed to be a faulty pyrometer.

D5 : As a permanent corrective plan, periodic checking of the pyrometer is suggested to the maintenance supervisor.

D6 : Permanent corrective action is implemented and pyrometers are scheduled for weekly checks.

D7 : Periodic checking and proper maintenance of pyrometers are factors to prevent a recurrence.

D8 : The team effort is recognized. The manager and team are praised for solving the problem.

An 8D report example will show that Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is an integral part of the 8D process. It helps managers establish problem statements, identify potential causes, compare theories and confirm the main cause of a problem. You can establish the root cause in an 8D report example by asking the most relevant questions related to the defect.

Harappa’s Structuring Problems course equips learners with frameworks to strengthen problem-solving skills. Explore the various causes behind a problem before solving it. Learn how to simplify problems, manage them better and scrutinize them in depth. The course helps professionals, managers and team leaders master logic trees, impact analysis, MECE principle and PICK framework.  Take the team to newer heights with Harappa.

Explore Harappa Diaries to learn more about topics such as What Is Problem Solving , Different Problem Solving Methods , Common Barriers To Problem Solving , and What are the essential Problem Solving Skills to classify problems and solve them efficiently.

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How to create an 8D report Template in Microsoft Excel

Here at Sanzubusinesstraining.com we love tools that help us solve business problems ( if you’re the same you might like to take a look at our Problem Solving guide that includes further tools like   A3 Problem Solving Template or our Kaizen Card Template )

We believe that if you choose to follow a standard process for resolving problems the battle is already half won, I’ve lost count of the businesses I’ve seen who approach this sort of thing ad-hoc with each problem being targeted with a unique process/perspective with ahem….varying results.

So, standard methodology/consistency wins every time, especially where the audience is one that is multi-disciplined (i.e. consists of Engineers, manufacturing team, Quality, Supply-chain for example).

In previous posts we’ve covered Problem Solving Tools  like the A3 report, another tool that’s commonly used to solve business problems is the 8d report.

While it’s often called an 8d report, 8d is, in fact, a methodology. There is an 8d process where the report (the 8d report) is the output.

When your business faces problems with its products (either finding this out yourselves or being informed by your customer) the 8D method provides an invaluable starting point in driving improvement in Quality

What makes a good problem-solving tool

One of the challenges for selecting problem-solving tools is what exactly do you look for? In Lean the best tools for problem-solving tend to have the following attributes:

* They facilitate team-work to solve problems and help create an open dialogue between those participating. * They have a structure (a regimented process to follow) * They use data and facts and root cause analysis to drive the process rather than supposition and guesswork. * They make problem-solving (and remedy) as efficient as possible * They support better selection and implementation of the final corrective action. * They help with building an archive/database of problems coupled with the corrective action (i.e. they make a great learning archive).

The 8d method builds on all of these and is an excellent yet simple tool to deploy.

What is an 8D report

As we described above, the 8D Report is a problem-solving tool, that follows a series of pre-defined steps, that can be used as part of a continuous improvement methodology.

The business that’s utilizing the tool usually has someone (typically a quality engineer) familiar with the tool that can coach the other members of the team in its deployment.

Like many lean tools the 8d originated in industry, this one within automotive but as with many of the other lean tools it can readily be deployed in most businesses.

The 8D tool is often used to identify and remedy recurring problems, and is especially useful in an environment where there are “products” and an environment that has established processes.

As with most lean tools the “products” don’t necessarily have to be those within a manufacturing environment (although the tool excels in these, anywhere where there are processes that result in some form of output will benefit from an approach like 8d.

The other thing to recognize with 8d is that it doesn’t look to solve the issue temporarily rather than the method targets a permanent corrective action (eradicating the issue).

As with the best lean tools 8d uses a combination of statistical evidence and root cause analysis, and anyone familiar with that approach should be able to utilize the 8d method fairly quickly.

As described above the 8d tool follows a series of steps in order to work –

The 8D are:

1/ Establish a team 2/ Define the problem statement 3/ Define interim containment actions 4/ Undertake root cause analysis 5/ Define the corrective actions 6/ Implement the corrective actions 7/ Implement preventative actions (so it doesn’t happen again, typically this is closing the loop updating processes, FMEA etc) 8/ Close the project and congratulate the team

Using a step-based approach has a number of benefits

1. It facilitates a team approach where the whole team is aware of the process and their role in it. Problems are rarely solved by individuals and usually require a cross-functional team. By having a structured methodology this team has a process to follow with a designated output.

2. It can be deployed rapidly, indeed 8d has much in common with the Analyze, countermeasure, root-cause, fix approach that is similar to many lean tools.

As with any problem-solving project, the chance of success is greatly enhanced if you prepare first, jumping straight in without knowing the facts is likely to result in reduced success.

Ok so let’s look at how we produce an 8d report in Excel.

Creating an 8D report template in excel

As a template to create this is a fairly easy one, there are no calculated fields, so it’s just a matter of devising the report and formatting it.

You can see the 8D template below:

8d problem solving sheet

Let’s cover each section – I’ll include screen-shots showing the columns/rows so you can copy and create your own.

This reports been formatted to be able to be printed on one side of A4. To assist with this I’ve had to think about how the report is structured, place each “D” on top of each other produced a report that was too long if printed on one piece of paper so I’ve found by placing two “D’s” next to each other, you still have enough space to capture what’s required while producing a printer friendly report.

Header The header of the 8D is used to capture background information (for example the date the 8D was raised, some generic information around the issue

8d problem solving sheet

Section a) – Team Members & Probelm statement

Fairly rudimentary use of columns to capture the team members, you could expand on it to include contact details if required.

The Problem statement is just a group of cells that’s been merged in order to capture free text description of the problem.

8d problem solving sheet

Section b) – Interim containment actions & Root Cause Analysis

This section captures interim actions via a table (I’ve included spaces for 10 actions but again you could expand as required).

For the root cause analysis out of personal choice I’ve used a table to capture the 5 Why (together with a notes block at the bottom of the section). I like 5 why as a process, but you could use a decision tree or other if required in this space.

8d problem solving sheet

Section c) Corrective Action(s) & Implementation

For the corrective actions, I’ve used a merged cell for free text entry.

For the implementation, I’ve used a table with 10 lines to capture the implementation steps.

8d problem solving sheet

Section d) Preventative actions & Project Closure / Team recognition

For the 7D Preventative actions, I’ve used a mix of a table to capture actions and a checklist of things to do. In the checklist I’ve included things like an FMEA, procedure update etc, this is personal preference but I like the use of a tick box here as it ensures the user follows some sort of process to go an update documentation or other following the “fix” being implemented.

For the project closure section, I’ve used merged cells to create a text box for free text entry.

8d problem solving sheet

So there’s our example 8D report – got some comments or ideas? Use the feedback section below – we’d love to hear from you.

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8D Problem Solving: Great for Process Improvement【Excel Template】

8D Problem Solving, Process Improvement【Excel Template】

The 8D Problem-Solving is utilized in process and product improvement. I made a template for the 8D Problem-Solving. This post shows you the comparison between the 8D Method and DMAIC and explain each step of 8D on the template.

(Duration: 7:30)

DOWNLOAD   ← Click this to download the “8D Problem Solving” template file.

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  • 1. What’s the 8D Problem-Solving?
  • 2.1. “D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D.”
  • 2.2. “D1: Form a Team.”
  • 2.3. “D2: Describe the Problem.”
  • 2.4. 5W2H questions that clarify a problem
  • 2.5. “D3: Conduct Interim Containment Actions.”
  • 2.6. “D4: Identify the Root Cause.”
  • 2.7. “D5: Develop Permanent Corrective Actions.”
  • 2.8. “D6: Implement and Validate the Permanent Corrective Actions.”
  • 2.9. “D7: Take Preventive Measures.”
  • 2.10. “D8: Close and Congratulate the Team.”

What’s the 8D Problem-Solving?

Hi, this is Mike Negami, Lean Sigma, Black Belt.

This topic is a request from one of my viewers:

8D Video Request

“Please make videos on 8D Problem-Solving procedure and root cause analysis 5w1h.”  Thank you, sekhar for your request.

8D’s D stands for ‘discipline’, and this method has become widely used in process and product improvement, especially in the manufacturing industry after Ford began using it companywide.

All Steps of 8D Problem-Solving

These above are the steps of the 8D Problem-Solving method. It’s similar to Lean Sigma’s DMAIC, but it’s simply and clearly described so it’s easier to use. It’s suitable when you want to start a problem-solving project immediately.

Comparison of 8D and DMAIC

Compared to DMAIC, up to D2 is the Define Phase. In 8D, there is no content of the Measure Phase. It’s good for improvement projects of service operations which don’t use the Measure Phase much. D3 is “Conduct Interim Containment Actions.”. This content is not included in DMAIC.  D4 has the same purpose as the Analysis Phase. Up to D6 is the Improve Phase and the rest are the Control Phase.

8d problem solving sheet

Explanation of each step of 8D Problem-Solving Method

Some of you may have noticed that since there are D0 to D8, that is 9 steps, so it should be 9D. This is because “D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D” was added later. Preparation and planning are always important.

I made a template for this 8D Problem-Solving method. Let’s see each item of 8D on the template.

“D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D.”

The first step is “D0: Prepare and Plan for the 8D.” Answer “Why did this project need to start?” If you write this answer down, you can start again from that point when you get stuck somewhere in the project.

Also, please write drafts for steps D1 and D2 here. In addition, write a rough plan on how to carry out this project and conduct necessary preparations.

“D1: Form a Team.”

Next is “D1: Form a Team.” Write the team leader’s and team members’ names here. They are responsible to attend when there is a meeting. SME, Subject Matter Experts are those who have knowledge and experience necessary to solve the problem so they will become advisers. Then, gather the project team members who were selected.

“D2: Describe the Problem.”

Next is “D2: Describe the Problem.” Please don’t write people’s opinions here, just write the facts and information based on data if possible.

5W2H questions that clarify a problem

At this time, 5W2H questions are useful, such as: Who is affected by the problem? What is the problem? When did the problem start, and any other time-related information? Where did it happen, and any other location-related information? Why does this happen?

How, and in what situations does the problem occur? How many, or what is the scale and other quantitative information? Please write these answers here. The problems will become quite clear.

“D3: Conduct Interim Containment Actions.”

“D3: Conduct Interim Containment Actions.” In this stage, we’ll look into the issues to see if any important stakeholders, especially our customers, are getting negatively impacted by the problem. If so, we have to deal with that quickly to eliminate it or minimize it. Please write what you’ll do here and execute it.

However, this is a temporary solution, so discontinue this solution later when the permanent solution is implemented.

“D4: Identify the Root Cause.”

“D4: Identify the Root Cause.” With surface solutions, the problem will reoccur over time. Be sure to find the root cause and always deal with it.

There are a few useful tools for this stage. It’s effective to make a Value Stream Map and conduct the 7-Waste analysis. Using the Ishikawa Diagram and 5-Why Analysis is very common practice for this purpose. There are articles and templates about these tools. Please utilize them.

8d problem solving sheet

“D5: Develop Permanent Corrective Actions.”

“D5: Develop Permanent Corrective Actions.” Since you’ve found the root cause, solutions will come up naturally. Write them here.

Effective tools in this step are Brainstorming, the 5-How Analysis, FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis), and so on. In the near future, I’ll make a video about the FMEA and the Control Plan tool.

8d problem solving sheet

“D6: Implement and Validate the Permanent Corrective Actions.”

“D6: Implement and Validate the Permanent Corrective Actions.” In order to transform the current situation to a permanently solved situation, we’ll make and execute a transition plan with the Control Plan tool.

In this stage, having good communication with stakeholders is the key to success, and validate that this solution solved the target problem. Usually, you’ll repeat from D4 to D6 until the problem is solved.

“D7: Take Preventive Measures.”

Next is “D7: Take Preventive Measures.” Consider why this problem could not be prevented beforehand in the current system, and make a preventive action plan and execute it.  Also review the upstream or downstream processes and create a situation where similar problems can not physically occur in the future.

“D8: Close and Congratulate the Team.”

The last step is “D8: Close and Congratulate the Team.”  Summarize all project materials and lessons learned, in order for other project teams in the company to refer to or reuse them.

Lastly, publicly recognize the project team for their efforts and success. This will not only motivate them, but also motivate other employees and the entire company.

Once you complete this 8D template, it gives a big picture of the project. You can give this to your stakeholders and use it as the final report.

This is the end of the explanation. Please utilize this template to start problem solving or a process improvement project.

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Understanding 8D Principle of Problem Solving

8D Problem Solving : 8D Stands for the Eight Disciplines of team-oriented problem-solving. It is a step-by-step process of identifying the root cause of a problem, providing corrective solutions, and preventive solutions to eliminate the recurring problems permanently. 8D follows the logic of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Adjust) . And the 8D was developed and implemented in the Second World War by the US government. Later it was popularized by the Ford Motor Company’s Team Oriented Problem Solving manual.  

In addition to the eight disciplines, one more step is appended initially. That step is known as Step zero – D0.  

Let’s have a look at the Eight Disciplines of problem-solving in detail.  

D0 – Preparation : Begin with the end in mind. This discipline emphasizes the following saying:  

“Preparation for tomorrow is hard work today”.

In order to be prepared to solve a problem using 8D, one needs to follow the steps given below.  

  • Do the hard work (Such as clearly understanding the problem, gathering required resources, and identifying people who have the expertise to solve the problem).
  • Do the smart work (Before rushing into solving the problem with the information gathered, make a plan and execute it systematically).

D1 – Build a Problem Solving Team : Building a team to solve the problem using 8D is one of the most important steps of 8D. Yet, one should be mindful about choosing the team members. The team doesn’t need the best people from the company. It needs the people who have the expertise, and are concerned with the problem. Solving the problem is much easier when we know exactly what the problem is and have the right team of people working systematically to solve the problem.  

D2 – Describe the Problem : In this step, information regarding the problem is collected to describe the problem in detail. And describing the exact problem is a challenging task that can be completed by carefully gathering relevant data and profound analysis.  

By answering the following with the gathered information, a perfect problem description is found.  

What, who, where, why, when, how often and how (5W2H) of the problem.  

D3 – Temporarily Confine the Problem : Identifying the ideal solution to solve the problem and stop the problem from occurring again is not a piece of cake. That’s why it is wise to isolate the problem to minimize its impact on the product quality or the customers before finding the permanent solution.  

D4 – Root Cause Analysis and Escape Point Detection : After isolating the problem, the root cause of the problem needs to be identified. So, detect all relative causes that help the team understand why the problem has occurred and identify the escape point – the time in which the problem could have been noticed as it occurred.

Then the causes can be verified using the following methods to ensure that the cause found is the actual root cause of the problem.  

  • Brainstorming
  • Five why processes
  • Affinity diagram
  • Pareto charts

D5 – Research and Develop Permanent Corrective Action : Once the root cause of the problem is identified and verified, necessary actions must be taken through profound research and brainstorming to solve the problem completely and permanently.  

After identifying necessary actions (permanent corrective actions), the team has to perform a risk assessment of the actions.  

D6 – Implement  Permanent Corrective Actions : After successfully developing the permanent corrective actions and implementing the solution, the team needs to make an action plan.  

Then the plan has to be communicated with stakeholders, validated with empirical information for improvements and executed sequentially.  

D7 – Implement Preventive Actions : By this stage, the team has gained profound awareness of the problem, its impact and the one-stop solution to resolve the problem once and for all. This awareness also helps the team to prevent problems with relevant products and processes.  

So the practices of management and standard systems can be modified as required with the acquired intelligence to prevent the problems that might arise in the future.  

D8 – Appreciate Team Members : This final discipline incorporates documentation of intelligence gained through the awareness of conducting the 8D steps for future reference and to improve the approaches of solving problems.  

Last but not least – appreciating the team for its diligence. This motivates the team and other employees to be more confident, productive, and passionate. So appreciation matters, it shan’t be underrated.  

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8D Methodology | Problem Solving Method | Example | Excel

8D Methodology Problem Solving Method Example Excel

What is 8D Methodology?

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Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving:

  • Establish the team
  • Describe the problem
  • Develop interim containment actions
  • Define and verify root cause & escape points
  • Choose and verify permanent corrective actions
  • Implement and validate permanent corrective actions
  • System prevention actions to prevent a recurrence
  • Recognize team contributions

8D Methodology

8D Problem Solving Example:

D1: establish the team:.

8D Problem Solving Training Presentation

D2: Describe the Problem:

D3: develop interim containment actions, d4: define and verify root cause & escape points:, d5: choose and verify permanent corrective actions.

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Six Mistake Proofing Principles

D6: Implement and Validate Permanent Corrective Actions

D7: system prevention action to prevent recurrence, d8: recognize team contributions, related posts, 12 comments.

8d problem solving sheet

Very detailed explanation on 8D. Thanks

8d problem solving sheet

You are most welcome!!!

Hi, clear and detailed explanation. Thanks for that.Just want to know how to download the excel template. Could you pl support

Thank you for your kind words. The download link is mentioned into this article itself so you can easily download from it.

How to download all this topic

Some of the topics are available for download for other we are working on that and the download link is available inside the article.

Great website! Thank you for sharing your knowledge. This is a great learning source

Thank you very much for your kind words!!!

Very useful

Thank you very much!!!

Great Information, Thank you!

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COMMENTS

  1. What is 8D? A template for efficient problem-solving

    The eight disciplines (8D) method is a problem-solving approach that identifies, corrects, and eliminates recurring problems. By determining the root causes of a problem, managers can use this method to establish a permanent corrective action and prevent recurring issues.

  2. PDF 8D :: Problem Solving Worksheet

    The Planning Stage: The 8-D method of problem solving is appropriate in "cause unknown" situations and is not the right tool if concerns center solely on decision-making or problem prevention. 8-D is especially useful as it results in not just a problem-solving process, but also a standard and a reporting format.

  3. PDF 8D WORKSHEET TEMPLATE

    Use this worksheet to solve a problem using Ford's Eight Disciplines (8D) approach. Each section requests information relevant to one of the disciplines. D1 TEAM MEMBERS Who is going to be part of the problem-solving team and who will lead it? What skills and roles are needed? D2 DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM Summarize the problem.

  4. What is 8D? Eight Disciplines Problem Solving Process

    Books Introduction To 8D Problem Solving Articles A Disciplined Approach ( Quality Progress) Nothing causes anxiety for a team quite like the release of a corrective action preventive action (CAPA) system and accompanying eight disciplines (8D) model. Follow this step-by-step explanation of 8D to reassure your team and get results.

  5. 8D

    The 8D problem solving process is a detailed, team oriented approach to solving critical problems in the production process. The goals of this method are to find the root cause of a problem, develop containment actions to protect customers and take corrective action to prevent similar problems in the future.

  6. 8D Problem Solving Process

    Figure 1: The 8D Problem Solving Process The 8D Process works best in teams tasked with solving a complex problem with identifiable symptoms. However, you can also use this process on an individual level, as well. Applying the Tool To use the 8D Process, address each of the disciplines listed below, in order.

  7. PDF 8d Process

    There are different problem-solving tools that are shown in the problem - solving pyramid depending on time/complexity and the percentage of problems. 5 Why Figure 1: problem-solving pyramid 8D is one of these systematic methods used to tackle and solve problems. The primary aims of the 8D methodology are to identify the root cause, correct and

  8. Free 8D Report Templates

    The format of an 8D template encompasses the eight disciplines of problem-solving which are: D1: Form a team D2: Define the problem D3: Develop a containment plan D4: Identify root cause and escape points D5: Formulate corrective actions D6: Implement corrective actions D7: Formulate preventive measures

  9. Eight disciplines problem solving

    Eight Disciplines Methodology ( 8D) is a method or model developed at Ford Motor Company used to approach and to resolve problems, typically employed by quality engineers or other professionals. Focused on product and process improvement, its purpose is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems. [1]

  10. PDF Problem Solving Worksheet 8D

    The Planning Stage: The 8-D method of problem solving is appropriate in "cause unknown" situations and is not the right tool if concerns center solely on decision-making or problem prevention. 8-D is especially useful as it results in not just a problem-solving process, but also a standard and a reporting format.

  11. 8D Problem Solving Template

    Here are some of the key features of the 8D Problem Solving Excel Template: Structured 8D approach: Follows the standard 8D (Eight Discipline) problem-solving methodology for effective and efficient problem resolution. Customizable Sections: Allows you to tailor the template to fit your specific needs and requirements. User-friendly Design: Easy-to-use interface with clear and concise ...

  12. Examples Of 8D Problem-Solving

    8D Problem-Solving Example. An organization received customer complaints about shrinkage on an automobile part. The management demanded a thorough analysis based on an 8D problem-solving example. Here's the 8D report sample that was submitted: D1: A team is created with supply team members, team leader and manager.

  13. How to create an 8D report Template in Microsoft Excel

    1/ Establish a team 2/ Define the problem statement 3/ Define interim containment actions 4/ Undertake root cause analysis 5/ Define the corrective actions 6/ Implement the corrective actions 7/ Implement preventative actions (so it doesn't happen again, typically this is closing the loop updating processes, FMEA etc)

  14. 8D Problem-Solving Process: How To Apply the 8 Disciplines

    8D problem-solving is an approach that quality engineers and manufacturers use to identify and address challenges throughout a project. 8D refers to the eight different disciplines, or steps, that the process entails. Note that since its inception, the 8D problem-solving method has added a stage for planning at the beginning of the process. ...

  15. PDF BSH Hausgeräte Gruppe 8D Method Overview for Suppliers

    Agenda. Objective and principles for problem solving. Procedure of the 8D method. D1: Establishing problem solving team/project. D2: Problem description. D3: Containment actions. D4: Cause and effect analysis. D5: Defining corrective actions and proving effectiveness. D6: Implementing corrective actions and tracking effectiveness.

  16. 8D Problem Solving: Great for Process Improvement【Excel Template

    The 8D Problem-Solving is utilized in process and product improvement. I made a template for the 8D Problem-Solving. This post shows you the comparison between the 8D Method and DMAIC and explain each step of 8D on the template. Achieve Innovative Process Improvement+Standardization by IT System with MS 365.

  17. Understanding 8D Principle of Problem Solving

    8D Stands for the Eight Disciplines of team-oriented problem-solving. It is a step-by-step process of identifying the root cause of a problem, providing corrective solutions, and preventive solutions to eliminate the recurring problems permanently. 8D follows the logic of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Adjust).

  18. PDF How to Carry Out Problem Solving

    1. Understand the problem solving approach Gate Check list End Gate Check list 3. Apply structured problem solving (8D) 2. Apply a problem follow-up process Gate Check list Scope This 'How To' will enable you to: Understand techniques for practical problem solving and develop an approach for applying them

  19. PDF 16. Problem Solving

    The basic procedure (see figure 3.2 problem solving funnel) can be applied, however, regardless of complexity and the problem area. • Individual methods (e.g. a matrix for collecting the facts, question models for deriving possible causes, etc.) and documents (e.g. problem solving sheets) support the aforementioned subtasks.

  20. DOC ABB

    Problem closed. 0 The Planning Stage: The 8-D method of problem solving is appropriate in "cause unknown" situations and is not the right tool if concerns center solely on decision-making or problem prevention. 8-D is especially useful as it results in not just a problem-solving process, but also a standard and a reporting format.

  21. 8D Methodology

    What is 8D Methodology? → 8D Methodology is a systematic problem-solving method. → It was made popular by "The Ford Motor Company" in the automotive industry. → These are 8 disciplines or 8 steps that must be followed for identifying and eliminating a problem in a product, process, or service.

  22. 8D Problem solving

    What all are the disciplines (or steps) of 8D. D0 - Elaboration of a plan to solve the problem. D1 - Building a team to work on the problem. D2 - Description of the problem. D3 - Development of an provisional plan to contain the problem. D4 - Identification and elimination of the root cause of the problem.

  23. 8D Problem Solving: What I learnt.

    The 8Ds: D1: Set up a Problem-Solving team. D2: Describe the problem. D3: Initiate Containment Actions. D4: Determine the root Cause. D5: Define corrective actions and prove effectiveness. D6 ...