• How to Write HTML Inside PHP

Use the echo Function to Write HTML in PHP

Write php inside html in php file.

How to Write HTML Inside PHP

This tutorial will introduce a few methods to write HTML in a PHP file.

In the first method, we will discuss how to write HTML inside the echo function in a PHP file. The PHP echo function is used to output the expressions. The expressions are the string expressions. It is not mandatory to write the parenthesis while using the echo function, as echo is not really a function. It is a language construct and does not have any return types. The function can take multiple parameters.

We can use the echo function to display the HTML elements. For example, create a PHP file and create two variables, $song , and $artist . Write some values as shown in the example below in the variables. Then, use the echo function to create a table tag. Use the echo function on each line to write all the table tags like th , tr , and td . Inside the td tags, concatenate the $song and $artist variables as "<td>" .$songs.'"</td>" . Finally, close the table tag inside the echo function.

The example below will create an HTML table with a row and two columns in a PHP file.

Example Code:

We can also enclose all the HTML inside one echo function to achieve the same result.

In this way, we can write HTML inside a PHP file.

We can also write HTML inside a PHP file without using the echo function. The HTML can be rendered in a .php file. In the first method, HTML was written inside the PHP tags. Therefore, we used the echo functions to display the HTML. Here, we will write HTML outside the PHP tags. But we should open the PHP tags if we have to use the PHP variables in HTML. We can use the <?=$someVar?> syntax to display the PHP variables inside HTML. The syntax is the shortcut for the echo function.

We will use the same variables created in the method above for the demonstration in this method. First, create the variables inside the PHP tags. After closing the tag, create a table tag. Create the table structure just as in the method above. In the td tags, open the PHP tag and display the variables as <?=$song?> and <?=$artist?> .

As a result, we can see an HTML table on the webpage. In this way, we can write HTML inside a PHP file.

Subodh Poudel avatar

Subodh is a proactive software engineer, specialized in fintech industry and a writer who loves to express his software development learnings and set of skills through blogs and articles.

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PHP and HTML

PHP and HTML interact a lot: PHP can generate HTML, and HTML can pass information to PHP. Before reading these faqs, it's important you learn how to retrieve variables from external sources . The manual page on this topic includes many examples as well.

  • What encoding/decoding do I need when I pass a value through a form/URL?
  • I'm trying to use an <input type="image"> tag, but the $foo.x and $foo.y variables aren't available. $_GET['foo.x'] isn't existing either. Where are they?
  • How do I create arrays in a HTML <form>?
  • How do I get all the results from a select multiple HTML tag?
  • How can I pass a variable from Javascript to PHP?

HTML interpretation. In order to specify a random string, you must include it in double quotes, and htmlspecialchars() the whole value.

URL: A URL consists of several parts. If you want your data to be interpreted as one item, you must encode it with urlencode() .

Example #1 A hidden HTML form element

Note : It is wrong to urlencode() $data , because it's the browsers responsibility to urlencode() the data. All popular browsers do that correctly. Note that this will happen regardless of the method (i.e., GET or POST). You'll only notice this in case of GET request though, because POST requests are usually hidden.

Example #2 Data to be edited by the user

Note : The data is shown in the browser as intended, because the browser will interpret the HTML escaped symbols. Upon submitting, either via GET or POST, the data will be urlencoded by the browser for transferring, and directly urldecoded by PHP. So in the end, you don't need to do any urlencoding/urldecoding yourself, everything is handled automagically.

Example #3 In a URL

Note : In fact you are faking a HTML GET request, therefore it's necessary to manually urlencode() the data.
Note : You need to htmlspecialchars() the whole URL, because the URL occurs as value of an HTML-attribute. In this case, the browser will first un- htmlspecialchars() the value, and then pass the URL on. PHP will understand the URL correctly, because you urlencode() d the data. You'll notice that the & in the URL is replaced by &amp; . Although most browsers will recover if you forget this, this isn't always possible. So even if your URL is not dynamic, you need to htmlspecialchars() the URL.

When submitting a form, it is possible to use an image instead of the standard submit button with a tag like: <input type="image" src="image.gif" name="foo" /> When the user clicks somewhere on the image, the accompanying form will be transmitted to the server with two additional variables: foo.x and foo.y .

Note : Spaces in request variable names are converted to underscores.

To get your <form> result sent as an array to your PHP script you name the <input>, <select> or <textarea> elements like this: <input name="MyArray[]" /> <input name="MyArray[]" /> <input name="MyArray[]" /> <input name="MyArray[]" /> Notice the square brackets after the variable name, that's what makes it an array. You can group the elements into different arrays by assigning the same name to different elements: <input name="MyArray[]" /> <input name="MyArray[]" /> <input name="MyOtherArray[]" /> <input name="MyOtherArray[]" /> This produces two arrays, MyArray and MyOtherArray, that gets sent to the PHP script. It's also possible to assign specific keys to your arrays: <input name="AnotherArray[]" /> <input name="AnotherArray[]" /> <input name="AnotherArray[email]" /> <input name="AnotherArray[phone]" /> The AnotherArray array will now contain the keys 0, 1, email and phone.

Note : Specifying array keys is optional in HTML. If you do not specify the keys, the array gets filled in the order the elements appear in the form. Our first example will contain keys 0, 1, 2 and 3.

See also Array Functions and Variables From External Sources .

The select multiple tag in an HTML construct allows users to select multiple items from a list. These items are then passed to the action handler for the form. The problem is that they are all passed with the same widget name. I.e. <select name="var" multiple="yes"> Each selected option will arrive at the action handler as: var=option1 var=option2 var=option3 Each option will overwrite the contents of the previous $var variable. The solution is to use PHP's "array from form element" feature. The following should be used: <select name="var[]" multiple="yes"> This tells PHP to treat $var as an array and each assignment of a value to var[] adds an item to the array. The first item becomes $var[0] , the next $var[1] , etc. The count() function can be used to determine how many options were selected, and the sort() function can be used to sort the option array if necessary.

Note that if you are using JavaScript the [] on the element name might cause you problems when you try to refer to the element by name. Use it's numerical form element ID instead, or enclose the variable name in single quotes and use that as the index to the elements array, for example: variable = document.forms[0].elements['var[]'];

Since Javascript is (usually) a client-side technology, and PHP is (usually) a server-side technology, and since HTTP is a "stateless" protocol, the two languages cannot directly share variables.

It is, however, possible to pass variables between the two. One way of accomplishing this is to generate Javascript code with PHP, and have the browser refresh itself, passing specific variables back to the PHP script. The example below shows precisely how to do this -- it allows PHP code to capture screen height and width, something that is normally only possible on the client side.

Example #4 Generating Javascript with PHP

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PHP: Reading and Writing to an HTML File

Handling HTML files is a common task in web development, and PHP, being a server-side scripting language, is well-equipped for reading from and writing to HTML files. This tutorial will guide beginners through the process of manipulating HTML files using PHP, covering the basics from file system functions to understanding file handling with a focus on HTML content.

Understanding File Operations in PHP

Before diving into reading and writing HTML files specifically, it’s essential to understand the basics of PHP file operations. PHP offers a variety of functions for file manipulation, commonly known as filesystem functions, which allow you to open, read, write, and close files on the server.

The process generally involves the following steps:

  • Opening the file using fopen() .
  • Reading from or writing to the file using functions like fread() and fwrite() .
  • Closing the file with fclose() to free the system resources.

Reading an HTML File With PHP

To read the contents of an HTML file, use the fopen() and fread() functions. Here’s an example:

This code snippet opens an HTML file in read mode, reads its content, and prints it out. Note that we’re using htmlspecialchars() to ensure that the HTML tags are displayed in the browser instead of being rendered.

If you want to read line by line, you can use the fgets() function like so:

With fgets() , the code reads the file line by line until it reaches the end of the file, denoted by feof() .

Writing to an HTML File with PHP

Writing to an HTML file is similar to reading it but with different functions. Here is how you can write to a file:

The key here is the second parameter of fopen() , which is ‘w’. This parameter specifies that the file should be opened for writing, and if the file does not exist, it will be created. If the file does exist, it will be cleared before new content is written to it.

If you wish to append data to an existing HTML file without overwriting the current content, you should open the file with the ‘a’ mode:

Handling File Locks

When dealing with file writing, it’s important to manage file locks to prevent data corruption when multiple scripts try to write to the same file simultaneously. PHP provides the flock() function for that purpose:

Working With File Get Contents and File Put Contents

PHP offers more straightforward ways to read and write files using file_get_contents() and file_put_contents() . These functions do not require explicit opening and closing of files, making them convenient for smaller and simpler file operations.

Here’s how to read an entire HTML file into a string:

And to write to an HTML file:

This tutorial should have provided you with the basics of reading from and writing to HTML files in PHP. Remember that while working with HTML files, you treat them as text. It’s important to consider security best practices, such as validating input and output, handling file permissions carefully, and ensuring that file access operations are secure against unauthorized actions.

Whether you’re manipulating templates, storing data, or dynamically generating HTML contents, with these PHP skills under your belt, interacting with HTML files will become an integral part of your web development tasks. Keep experimenting and learning to master file handling in PHP!

Next Article: PHP: How to list all files in a directory

Previous Article: PHP: Find and download photos by keyword from Unsplash API

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How to use PHP in HTML ?

In this article, we will use PHP in HTML. There are various methods to integrate PHP and HTML, some of them are discussed below.

You can add PHP tags to your HTML Page. You simply need to enclose the PHP code with the PHP starts tag <?php and the PHP end tag ?>. The code wrapped between these two tags is considered to be PHP code, and it will be executed on the server-side before the requested file is sent to the client browser.

Note: To use PHP in HTML, you have to use the .php extension because In PHP the code is interpreted and run on the server-side.

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php code inside html

Example 2: 

how to write html file in php

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Want to add HTML to a PHP file? While HTML and PHP are two separate programming languages, you might want to use both of them on the same page to take advantage of what they both offer.

With one or both of these methods, you can easily embed HTML code in your PHP pages to format them better and make them more user-friendly. The method you choose depends on your specific situation.

HTML in PHP

Your first option is to build the page like a normal HTML web page with HTML tags, but instead of stopping there, use separate PHP tags to wrap up the PHP code. You can even put the PHP code in the middle if you close and reopen the <?php  and ?> tags.

This method is especially useful if you have a lot of HTML code but want to also include PHP .

Here's an example of putting the HTML outside of the tags (PHP is bold here for emphasis):

As you can see, you can use any HTML you want without doing anything special or extra in your PHP file, as long as it's outside and separate from the PHP tags.

In other words, if you want to insert PHP code into an HTML file, just write the PHP anywhere you want (so long as they're inside the PHP tags). Open a PHP tag with  <?php  and then close it with  ?>  like you see above.

Use PRINT or ECHO

This other way is basically the opposite; it's how you'd add HTML to a PHP file with PRINT or ECHO, where either command is used to simply print HTML on the page. With this method, you can include the HTML inside of the PHP tags.

This is a good method to use for adding HTML to PHP if you only have a line or so to do.

In this example, the HTML areas are bold:

Much like the first example, PHP still works here regardless of using PRINT or ECHO to write HTML because the PHP code is still contained inside the proper PHP tags.

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How to create a php file.

Any file containing PHP must have a ".php" file extension , similar to how HTML files, to be identified as HTML files, must have a ".htm" or ".html" file extension.

PHP files can contain HTML in the same file, and still work properly. HTML files, on the other hand, cannot contain a PHP script and still work properly, because the PHP code will be read and displayed as HTML.

Also, while HTML files can be viewed in your browser from your own computer, PHP files must run on a PHP-enabled web server and be viewed with your browser by going to the file's URL (usually the website name + the file name + the file extension, for example: http://www.yourwebsitename.com/test.php).

I would not recommend the use of word processors (ie. Microsoft Word, StarOffice Writer, or Abiword) to save or create PHP files. Text editors such as Notepad or Wordpad on Windows machines, and Kwrite or Kate on Linux machines, are a better option. When saving the file, make sure that you type in the file name and the extension (example: test.php) and that if there is a "Save as Type" dropdown option, that the type is set to "All Files".

(See Example)

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How to Use PHP in HTML: An Expert’s Guide for Seamless Integration

If you’ve ever been curious about how to use PHP in HTML, I’m here to shed some light on that very subject. For those not already familiar with it,  PHP  is a widely-used open-source scripting language specially suited for web development. It’s capable of being embedded into HTML which opens up a world of possibilities.

Diving headfirst into the world of PHP and HTML might seem daunting at first glance but trust me, it’s not as complicated as it appears. The beauty of combining these two languages lies in their flexibility and the dynamic content they can produce together.

So let’s get started! In this article, I’ll break down the fundamental steps needed to effectively incorporate PHP code within your HTML files. By the end, you’ll have a better understanding of how these two coding languages can harmoniously work together in creating more interactive and customized web pages.

Understanding the Basics of PHP in HTML

Bridging the gap between HTML and PHP can be a rewarding venture. Let’s dive into how these two powerful web development tools interact.

PHP, standing for Hypertext Preprocessor, is a server-side scripting language often used to enhance web pages. It operates behind the scenes, unseen by your site visitor but performing critical tasks like form processing or database interaction.

HTML on its own can’t perform such complex tasks; it’s simply not designed that way. However, when you insert PHP code into your existing HTML structure, you’re essentially giving your website a new level of interactivity and functionality.

Here’s an example of what integrating PHP into HTML might look like:

In this simple snippet above:

  • Everything outside  <?php  and  ?>  tags is standard HTML.
  • The text enclosed within  <?php  and  ?> , i.e.,  "Hello World!" , is processed by the server as PHP code.

While this is a basic demonstration, there are countless ways to use PHP within your HTML documents: from displaying dynamic content based on user input to creating fully interactive forms with validation.

Remember though that as powerful as PHP is – it cannot run directly in your browser like JavaScript or CSS do because it’s server-side. That means you’ll need to have access to a server (local or otherwise) capable of processing PHP scripts.

Just remember – practice makes perfect! Play around with embedding different PHP functions in various parts of an HTML document. Over time you’ll get more comfortable with combining these two languages – opening up new possibilities for your websites!

Embedding PHP Code within Your HTML Files

Let’s dive right into how you can seamlessly integrate PHP code within your HTML files. You might be wondering why it’s even necessary to do this. Well, using PHP in your HTML pages allows you to create dynamic websites, offering a more interactive and engaging user experience.

To start off with the basics, any PHP code needs to be enclosed within  <?php ?>  tags. These special tags tell the server where the PHP code begins and ends within an HTML file.

Here’s a simple example:

In this snippet, we’ve embedded a basic “Hello World!” statement using the  echo  command in our HTML file. When this page is loaded on a web server capable of processing PHP (which most are), it’ll display “Hello World!” on your webpage.

But that’s just scratching the surface! We can also use variables and include complex operations inside these tags. Here’s another example:

In above piece of code, we’re assigning the string ‘John Doe’ to a variable  $name , then using that variable in our echo statement.

Remember though – while it’s possible to place PHP anywhere in your document, I’d recommend keeping it separate from your primary HTML content wherever possible for clarity and ease of maintenance.

It’s equally important not to forget closing each  <?php ?>  tag properly. Leaving them open could lead to errors or unexpected results on your website!

These examples are pretty rudimentary – there are countless ways you can leverage embedded PHP in your projects for more advanced functionality. From controlling the flow of HTML output to dynamically generating content based on user input or database queries, the possibilities are nearly endless!

So, are you ready to start embedding PHP code within your HTML files? With some practice and creativity, you’ll be amazed at how much dynamic interactivity you can bring to your web pages.

Common Pitfalls When Using PHP in HTML

When you’re first starting out with embedding PHP in your HTML, it can feel like a steep learning curve. The flexibility and dynamism of PHP make it an invaluable tool, but there are common pitfalls that beginners often stumble upon.

One of the most frequent mistakes I see is forgetting to save files with the .php extension. You might be wondering why this matters. Well, without this extension, your server won’t recognize the need to process any embedded PHP code. So no matter how flawless your scripting skills might be, if you’re working in an .html file instead of .php, those scripts just won’t run.

Another common error is neglecting to use proper opening and closing tags for PHP code within your HTML document. Remember that each snippet of PHP must be wrapped up neat and tidy within  <?php  at the start and  ?>  at the end. Miss one of these off or mix them up? Your script will fall flat on its face!

Let’s take a look at what happens when you don’t close your tag properly:

Without that crucial closing tag  ?> , our “Hello World!” message won’t display as we’d hope.

Next up on my list of typical missteps: mixing up echo and print statements. While both commands seem similar – they output data to the screen – they aren’t interchangeable all the time! Here’s a quick rule-of-thumb: if you want a return value (other than TRUE), use print; otherwise stick with echo.

Finally, let’s tackle incorrect function usage – another biggie on my list of PHP pitfalls. PHP functions are case-insensitive, but your arguments aren’t. So  ECHO("Hello World!");  will work just fine, but  echo("HELLO WORLD!");  won’t give you the shouty greeting you’re expecting.

Here’s hoping that my take on these common pitfalls will help steer you clear of these potential hiccups when integrating PHP within your HTML documents!

Best Practices for Integrating PHP with HTML

When you’re looking to merge PHP with HTML, it’s essential to understand the best practices that’ll lead you to success. Here’s what I’ve discovered through experience and research.

Firstly, always separate your PHP code from your HTML when possible. This separation is more than just a coding preference; it promotes readability and maintainability of your code in the long run. It’s easier on the eyes and much friendlier towards other developers who may have to work on your code later. For example:

Secondly, limit the use of  echo  or  print  statements within your HTML structure. Overusing these functions can clutter up your HTML markup and make things harder to read over time. Instead, consider storing output data in variables and then using those variables within your HTML like so:

Next, remember not all servers are configured to parse  .html  files as PHP by default. To ensure that they do, rename your  .html  file extension to  .php . Your server will then recognize it as a php file and parse accordingly.

Finally, sanitize any user input before using them in a SQL query for security reasons. This critical step helps prevent SQL injection attacks which could compromise your database integrity.

By adhering strictly to these best practices while integrating PHP with HTML, you’re sure to create clean code that’s easy-to-read, scalable and highly secure!

Conclusion: Maximizing Efficiency with PHP and HTML

We’ve reached the final stretch of our journey into integrating PHP in HTML. It’s clear to me now, more than ever, that mastering this integration can significantly boost your web development efficiency.

Let’s recap some key points we covered:

  • Embedding PHP inside HTML is as simple as using  <?php ?>  tags within your HTML code.
  • Always ensure your file has a  .php  extension. This tells the server to parse any embedded PHP code.
  • Remember, we used the  echo  statement for outputting text directly into our webpage? Like this:

Isn’t it sleek and handy?

But let’s not forget about another interesting use of PHP within an HTML structure – using it inside an attribute. This can come in handy when you need dynamic content within your tags. For instance:

In this example,  $imagePath  is a variable containing the path to an image file which could be dynamically generated or changed based on certain conditions.

And finally, I’ll remind you that although mixing PHP with HTML works perfectly fine, keeping them separate as much as possible makes your code cleaner and easier to maintain.

I hope you find these insights useful in maximizing your coding efficiency. With practice and patience, I’m confident you’ll master the art of blending PHP with HTML effectively. Keep experimenting and happy coding!

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Cristian G. Guasch

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As China Expands Its Hacking Operations, a Vulnerability Emerges

New revelations underscore the degree to which China has ignored, or evaded, U.S. efforts to curb its extensive computer infiltration efforts.

The silhouette of a security camera appears on a red flag with yellow stars.

By Julian E. Barnes and David E. Sanger

Julian E. Barnes reported from Washington and David E. Sanger from Berlin.

The Chinese hacking tools made public in recent days illustrate how much Beijing has expanded the reach of its computer infiltration campaigns through the use of a network of contractors, as well as the vulnerabilities of its emerging system.

The new revelations underscore the degree to which China has ignored, or evaded, American efforts for more than a decade to curb its extensive hacking operations. Instead, China has both built the cyberoperations of its intelligence services and developed a spider web of independent companies to do the work.

Last weekend in Munich, Christopher A. Wray, the F.B.I. director, said that hacking operations from China were now directed against the United States at “a scale greater than we’d seen before.” And at a recent congressional hearing, Mr. Wray said China’s hacking program was larger than that of “every major nation combined.”

“In fact, if you took every single one of the F.B.I.’s cyberagents and intelligence analysts and focused them exclusively on the China threat, China’s hackers would still outnumber F.B.I. cyberpersonnel by at least 50 to one,” he said.

U.S. officials said China had quickly built up that numerical advantage through contracts with firms like I-Soon, whose documents and hacking tools were stolen and placed online in the last week.

The documents showed that I-Soon’s sprawling activities involved targets in South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, India and elsewhere.

But the documents also showed that I-Soon was having financial difficulty and that it used ransomware attacks to bring in money when the Chinese government cut funding.

U.S. officials say this shows a critical weakness in the Chinese system. Economic problems in China and rampant corruption there often mean that money intended for the contractors is siphoned off. Strapped for cash, the contractors have stepped up their illegal activity, hacking for hire and ransomware, which has made them targets for retaliation and exposed other issues.

The U.S. government and private cybersecurity firms have long tracked Chinese espionage and malware threats aimed at stealing information, which have become almost routine, experts say. Far more troubling, however, have been Chinese cyberhacking efforts threatening critical infrastructure.

The intrusions, called Volt Typhoon after the name of a Chinese network of hackers that has penetrated critical infrastructure , set off alarms across the U.S. government. Unlike the I-Soon hacks, those operations have avoided using malware and instead use stolen credentials to stealthily access critical networks.

Intelligence officials believe that intrusions were intended to send a message: that at any point China could disrupt electrical and water supplies, or communications. Some of the operations have been detected near American military bases that rely on civilian infrastructure — especially bases that would be involved in any rapid response to an attack on Taiwan.

But even as China put resources into the Volt Typhoon effort, its work on more routine malware efforts has continued. China used its intelligence services and contractors tied to them to expand its espionage activity.

I-Soon is most directly connected with China’s Ministry of Public Security, which traditionally has been focused on domestic political threats, not international espionage. But the documents also show that it has ties to the Ministry of State Security, which collects intelligence both inside and outside China.

Jon Condra, a threat intelligence analyst at Recorded Future, a security firm, said I-Soon had also been linked to Chinese state-sponsored cyberthreats.

“This represents the most significant leak of data linked to a company suspected of providing cyberespionage and targeted intrusion services for the Chinese security services,” Mr. Condra said. “The leaked material indicates that I-Soon is likely a private contractor operating on behalf of the Chinese intelligence services.”

The U.S. effort to curb Chinese hacking goes back to the Obama administration, when Unit 61398 of the People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese military, was revealed to be behind intrusions into a wide swath of American industry, looking to steal secrets for Chinese competitors. To China’s outrage, P.L.A. officers were indicted in the United States, their pictures placed on the Justice Department’s “wanted” posters. None have ever stood trial.

Then China was caught in some of the boldest theft of data from the U.S. government: It stole more than 22 million security-clearance files from the Office of Personnel Management. Its hackers were undetected for more than a year, and the information they gleaned gave them a deep understanding into who worked on what inside the U.S. government — and what financial or health or relationship troubles they faced. In the end, the C.I.A. had to pull back officers who were scheduled to enter China.

The result was a 2015 agreement between President Xi Jinping and President Barack Obama aimed at curbing hacking, announced with fanfare in the White House Rose Garden.

But within two years, China had begun developing a network of hacking contractors, a tactic that gave its security agencies some deniability.

In an interview last year, Mr. Wray said China had grown its espionage resources so large that it no longer had to do much “picking and choosing” about their targets.

“They’re going after everything,” he said.

Julian E. Barnes covers the U.S. intelligence agencies and international security matters for The Times. He has written about security issues for more than two decades. More about Julian E. Barnes

David E. Sanger covers the Biden administration and national security. He has been a Times journalist for more than four decades and has written several books on challenges to American national security. More about David E. Sanger

  • Adobe Creative Cloud
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Artists and graphic designers use PGM files to store small 2D images in grayscale. Super accessible and user-friendly, these files are easy to edit. Get the lowdown on their origins, uses, and more.

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History of the PGM file

How to use PGM files

Pros and cons of PGM files

How to open a PGM file

How to create and edit a PGM file

PGM files: frequently asked questions

What is a PGM file?

PGM (Portable Gray Map) files store grayscale 2D images. Each pixel within the image contains only one or two bytes of information (8 or 16 bits). While that might not sound like a lot of information, PGM files can hold tens of thousands of shades — ranging from pure black to white, and every shade of gray in between.

Even though PGMs are the standard for portable graphics, their small file size and color limitations dinged their reputation and turned them into the “lowest common denominator” of image files. But there are still many great uses for this file type.

History of the PGM file.

Developers created the PGM file format in the US in the late 1980s. Their hallmark is simplicity. PGMs contain a single image that’s both easy to write programs for and to edit.

The file type uses a plain-text (ASCII) or binary file, containing information on width and height, whitespaces, and a gray value. Rows divide the width and height, and each space has a grayscale value — this is what creates the larger image.

How to use PGM files.

Artists, designers, and coding students regularly use PGM files for a variety of reasons.

Black and white photography and art.

People store and share beautiful photographs and art projects in PGM files. They’re ideal for creating a grainy, low-fi, or abstract effect.

Learning to program.

PGMs are one of the building blocks of computer programming. Many new and student programmers begin by studying PGM files and learning how to code, manipulate, and use them in various situations.

Logos, charts, diagrams, cut-outs, and maps.

PGMs are ideal for simple graphics and illustrations. You can use them in sets, pared-back in color and scale, and stacked up in layers. They’re perfect for stark black and white symbols and graphics.

Discover more vector file types

Pros and cons of PGM files.

Explore the advantages and disadvantages of using this file type.

Advantages of PGM files.

  • Compatibility. You can open PGMs in image viewers, photo-editing programs, advanced graphics programs, and most text programs. In some cases, you can use PGM files on audio and music editing programs.
  • Simplicity. Not only are PGM files easy to edit and write, they’re also so simple you can use them as layers within other images.
  • Flexibility. Because they’re so small, PGM files are easy to store. You can paste them into Word docs without increasing the file size. Plus, PGMs quickly load online and easily convert into other photo formats.

Disadvantages of PGM files.

  • No color. Grayscale — that is, black, white, and shades of gray — is all you get with PGM files. They’re not capable of working with color.
  • Image quality. PGM images can only hold a certain amount of information. For very large, detailed images, they’re usually not the best solution.
  • One image limit. If you want to use PGM files and you require more than one image, you’ll have to stack them up in larger files.

How to open a PGM file.

Most image and text editing programs can open PGM files on both Windows and Mac computers. You’ll first need to download a compatible program.

1. Start by navigating to your saved file folder.

2. Right-click on the file name.

3. Click Choose default program, followed by Browse.

4. Launch your file with your selected program.

5. The PGM file should open in its own window.

How to create and edit a PGM file.

While it’s possible to create PGM files with some photo-editing programs, not all of them will allow that. While the files were once ubiquitous, JPEG files have gradually replaced them.

In most cases, users who want to create their own PGM files will need to download and use a dedicated software application or develop them through ASCII code.

PGM files: frequently asked questions.

How do i convert pgm files into other types of photo files, what is the difference between pgm, jpeg, and tiff, how do i convert a pgm to jpeg.

You can convert your PGM image to JPEG using Adobe Photoshop .

  • Open Adobe Photoshop.
  • Select File > Open.
  • Choose your PGM image.
  • Select File > Save As.
  • Select JPEG from the dropdown File Types menu.

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how to write html file in php

PHP Tutorial

Php advanced, mysql database, php examples, php reference, php include files.

The include (or require ) statement takes all the text/code/markup that exists in the specified file and copies it into the file that uses the include statement.

Including files is very useful when you want to include the same PHP, HTML, or text on multiple pages of a website.

PHP include and require Statements

It is possible to insert the content of one PHP file into another PHP file (before the server executes it), with the include or require statement.

The include and require statements are identical, except upon failure:

  • require will produce a fatal error (E_COMPILE_ERROR) and stop the script
  • include will only produce a warning (E_WARNING) and the script will continue

So, if you want the execution to go on and show users the output, even if the include file is missing, use the include statement. Otherwise, in case of FrameWork, CMS, or a complex PHP application coding, always use the require statement to include a key file to the flow of execution. This will help avoid compromising your application's security and integrity, just in-case one key file is accidentally missing.

Including files saves a lot of work. This means that you can create a standard header, footer, or menu file for all your web pages. Then, when the header needs to be updated, you can only update the header include file.

PHP include Examples

Assume we have a standard footer file called "footer.php", that looks like this:

To include the footer file in a page, use the include statement:

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Assume we have a standard menu file called "menu.php":

All pages in the Web site should use this menu file. Here is how it can be done (we are using a <div> element so that the menu easily can be styled with CSS later):

Assume we have a file called "vars.php", with some variables defined:

Then, if we include the "vars.php" file, the variables can be used in the calling file:

PHP include vs. require

The require statement is also used to include a file into the PHP code.

However, there is one big difference between include and require; when a file is included with the include statement and PHP cannot find it, the script will continue to execute:

If we do the same example using the require statement, the echo statement will not be executed because the script execution dies after the require statement returned a fatal error:

Use require when the file is required by the application.

Use include when the file is not required and application should continue when file is not found.

PHP Exercises

Test yourself with exercises.

Write a correct syntax to include a file named "footer.php".

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COMMENTS

  1. How to write html code inside <?php ?> block?

    What if I want to break my HTML page into multiple parts for convenience e.g. header.php, footer.php. And later include in other pages. For footer, the second method is useless, and first is neither of use.

  2. PHP File Create/Write

    PHP Create File - fopen() The fopen() function is also used to create a file. Maybe a little confusing, but in PHP, a file is created using the same function used to open files. If you use fopen() on a file that does not exist, it will create it, given that the file is opened for writing (w) or appending (a).. The example below creates a new file called "testfile.txt".

  3. How to Use PHP in HTML

    The other option, the preferred way, is to combine PHP and HTML tags in .php files. Since PHP is a server-side scripting language, the code is interpreted and run on the server side. For example, if you add the following code in your index.html file, it won't run out of the box. 1. <!DOCTYPE html>.

  4. How to Write HTML Inside PHP

    Write PHP Inside HTML in PHP File. We can also write HTML inside a PHP file without using the echo function. The HTML can be rendered in a .php file. In the first method, HTML was written inside the PHP tags. Therefore, we used the echo functions to display the HTML. Here, we will write HTML outside the PHP tags. But we should open the PHP tags ...

  5. PHP: PHP and HTML

    How do I get all the results from a select multiple HTML tag? The select multiple tag in an HTML construct allows users to select multiple items from a list. These items are then passed to the action handler for the form. The problem is that they are all passed with the same widget name. I.e.

  6. PHP: Reading and Writing to an HTML File

    With fgets(), the code reads the file line by line until it reaches the end of the file, denoted by feof().. Writing to an HTML File with PHP. Writing to an HTML file is similar to reading it but with different functions. Here is how you can write to a file:

  7. A better way to write HTML code inside PHP

    How to write HTML code inside PHP the better way!. While making a web application with PHP, we often need to write HTML tags inside PHP file to print out a few results in form of HTML. We….

  8. How to use PHP in HTML

    PHP is a popular scripting language that can be embedded in HTML to create dynamic web pages. In this article, you will learn how to use PHP in HTML with examples and tips. You will also find out how to create admin login page using PHP and MySQL database.

  9. Using PHP and HTML on the Same Page

    Use PRINT or ECHO. This other way is basically the opposite; it's how you'd add HTML to a PHP file with PRINT or ECHO, where either command is used to simply print HTML on the page. With this method, you can include the HTML inside of the PHP tags. This is a good method to use for adding HTML to PHP if you only have a line or so to do.

  10. How do I add PHP code/file to HTML(.html) files?

    Note that you will also need to save the file with a .php extension, rather than .html, in order for the PHP code to be executed by the server.. Alternatively, you can include a PHP file in an HTML file using the include or require function. For example:

  11. PHP Syntax

    The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function "echo" to output the text "Hello World!"on a web page:

  12. How to Create A PHP File

    Any file containing PHP must have a ".php" file extension, similar to how HTML files, to be identified as HTML files, must have a ".htm" or ".html" file extension. PHP files can contain HTML in the same file, and still work properly. HTML files, on the other hand, cannot contain a PHP script and still work properly, because the PHP code will be ...

  13. How to Use PHP in HTML: An Expert's Guide for Seamless Integration

    Embedding PHP Code within Your HTML Files. Let's dive right into how you can seamlessly integrate PHP code within your HTML files. You might be wondering why it's even necessary to do this. Well, using PHP in your HTML pages allows you to create dynamic websites, offering a more interactive and engaging user experience.

  14. How to write a html file using PHP?

    Collectives™ on Stack Overflow - Centralized & trusted content around the technologies you use the most.

  15. COLLADA files explained and how to use them

    COLLADA files use the .dae extension, which stands for digital asset exchange. A COLLADA file can store a diverse range of content, including images, textures, and 3D models. But the format's biggest selling point is its compatibility across multiple platforms. COLLADA files aren't restricted to one program or manufacturer.

  16. DNG files

    Like other raw files, you can open DNG images using some of the most common photo viewing applications. From your desktop or hard drive. Use your normal photo viewing software to call up DNG files on Windows or Mac, such as Microsoft Photos, Apple Photos, and Apple Previews. Right-click on the image on your desktop or file explorer window.

  17. What are BMP files and how do you open them?

    How to create and edit a BMP file. You can create and edit a BMP file in Photoshop in just a few simple steps: After working on a new image or editing an existing file in Photoshop, click on File, followed by Save As. Select BMP from the Format menu. Choose a name and location for your new BMP file, then click Save.

  18. PHP File Handling

    PHP readfile () Function. The readfile () function reads a file and writes it to the output buffer. Assume we have a text file called "webdictionary.txt", stored on the server, that looks like this: The PHP code to read the file and write it to the output buffer is as follows (the readfile () function returns the number of bytes read on success):

  19. January Temperatures Hit Record Highs on Land and at Sea

    On the heels of Earth's warmest year, January was the eighth month in a row in which global temperatures blew past previous records. By Raymond Zhong and Elena Shao The exceptional warmth that ...

  20. How to write html code inside a php file

    3 Answers. Sorted by: 2. Be sure to, first, name your file with the following extension: .php so the code can be parsed by the server. Then, put your PHP code that processes the form before your HTML code. Write your HTML form. Finally, if you want the PHP code to be executed if, and only if, the form is submitted, process as follow:

  21. Some Authors Were Left Out of Awards Held in China. Leaked Emails Show

    R.F. Kuang, author of "Babel," a best-selling novel of speculative fiction, was widely expected to be recognized by the Hugo Awards. Instead, she was excluded.

  22. What are SKP files and how do you open them?

    How to create and edit an SKP file. Follow the steps below to create and edit an SKP image in the web version of SketchUp. Click on the icon marked Open Model/Preferences. Select the New Model option. Choose a template based on your measurement preferences (meters, or feet and inches, for example).

  23. As China Expands Its Hacking Operations, a Vulnerability Emerges

    New revelations underscore the degree to which China has ignored, or evaded, U.S. efforts to curb its extensive computer infiltration efforts. By Julian E. Barnes and David E. Sanger Julian E ...

  24. How can I run a PHP script inside a HTML file?

    If you want to run a PHP script inside a HTML file, you need to change the file extension to .php and configure your server to parse it. Learn how to do this and more from the answers of other developers on Stack Overflow, the largest and most trusted online community for programmers.

  25. What are PGM files and how do you open them?

    History of the PGM file. Developers created the PGM file format in the US in the late 1980s. Their hallmark is simplicity. PGMs contain a single image that's both easy to write programs for and to edit. The file type uses a plain-text (ASCII) or binary file, containing information on width and height, whitespaces, and a gray value.

  26. fwrite

    Consider for a moment that what you are doing might not be the best approach anyway. The only use case I can think of for writing out PHP files with PHP would be for some compiled template code or weird caching.

  27. PHP Tutorial

    Learn PHP. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».

  28. PHP include and require

    PHP include vs. require. The require statement is also used to include a file into the PHP code. However, there is one big difference between include and require; when a file is included with the include statement and PHP cannot find it, the script will continue to execute: