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Harvard Guide to Using Sources 

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If you are using Chicago style footnotes or endnotes, you should include a bibliography at the end of your paper that provides complete citation information for all of the sources you cite in your paper. Bibliography entries are formatted differently from notes. For bibliography entries, you list the sources alphabetically by last name, so you will list the last name of the author or creator first in each entry. You should single-space within a bibliography entry and double-space between them. When an entry goes longer than one line, use a hanging indent of .5 inches for subsequent lines. Here’s a link to a sample bibliography that shows layout and spacing . You can find a sample of note format here .

Complete note vs. shortened note

Here’s an example of a complete note and a shortened version of a note for a book:

1. Karen Ho, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 27-35.

1. Karen Ho, Liquidated , 27-35.

Note vs. Bibliography entry

The bibliography entry that corresponds with each note is very similar to the longer version of the note, except that the author’s last and first name are reversed in the bibliography entry. To see differences between note and bibliography entries for different types of sources, check this section of the Chicago Manual of Style .

For Liquidated , the bibliography entry would look like this:

Ho, Karen, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street . Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

Citing a source with two or three authors

If you are citing a source with two or three authors, list their names in your note in the order they appear in the original source. In the bibliography, invert only the name of the first author and use “and” before the last named author.

1. Melissa Borja and Jacob Gibson, “Internationalism with Evangelical Characteristics: The Case of Evangelical Responses to Southeast Asian Refugees,” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 17, no. 3 (2019): 80-81, https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2019.1643983 .

Shortened note:

1. Borja and Gibson, “Internationalism with Evangelical Characteristics,” 80-81.

Bibliography:

Borja, Melissa, and Jacob Gibson. “Internationalism with Evangelical Characteristics: The Case of Evangelical Responses to Southeast Asian Refugees.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 17. no. 3 (2019): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2019.1643983 .

Citing a source with more than three authors

If you are citing a source with more than three authors, include all of them in the bibliography, but only include the first one in the note, followed by et al. ( et al. is the shortened form of the Latin et alia , which means “and others”).

1. Justine M. Nagurney, et al., “Risk Factors for Disability After Emergency Department Discharge in Older Adults,” Academic Emergency Medicine 27, no. 12 (2020): 1271.

Short version of note:

1. Justine M. Nagurney, et al., “Risk Factors for Disability,” 1271.

Nagurney, Justine M., Ling Han, Linda Leo‐Summers, Heather G. Allore, Thomas M. Gill, and Ula Hwang. “Risk Factors for Disability After Emergency Department Discharge in Older Adults.” Academic Emergency Medicine 27, no. 12 (2020): 1270–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14088 .

Citing a book consulted online

If you are citing a book you consulted online, you should include a URL, DOI, or the name of the database where you found the book.

1. Karen Ho, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 27-35, https://doi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1215/9780822391371 .

Bibliography entry:

Ho, Karen. Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street . Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. https://doi-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1215/9780822391371 .

Citing an e-book consulted outside of a database

If you are citing an e-book that you accessed outside of a database, you should indicate the format. If you read the book in a format without fixed page numbers (like Kindle, for example), you should not include the page numbers that you saw as you read. Instead, include chapter or section numbers, if possible.

1. Karen Ho, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), chap. 2, Kindle.

Ho, Karen. Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street . Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. Kindle.

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What Is a Bibliography?

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A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly  articles , speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end.

The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your research. It also makes it easy for a reader to find out more about your topic by delving into the research that you used to write your paper. In the academic world, papers aren't written in a vacuum; academic journals are the way new research on a topic circulates and previous work is built upon.

Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depend on the particular style of writing you follow. Your teacher or publisher will tell you which style to use, and for most academic papers it will be either MLA , American Psychological Association (APA), Chicago (author-date citations or footnotes/endnotes format), or Turabian style .

The bibliography is sometimes also called the references, works cited, or works consulted page.

Components of a Bibliography Entry

Bibliography entries will compile:

  • Authors and/or editors (and translator, if applicable)
  • Title of your source (as well as edition, volume, and the book title if your source is a chapter or article in a multi-author book with an editor)
  • Publication information (the city, state, name of the publisher, date published, page numbers consulted, and URL or DOI, if applicable)
  • Access date, in the case of online sources (check with the style guide at the beginning of your research as to whether you need to track this information)

Order and Formatting

Your entries should be listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. If you are using two publications that are written by the same author, the order and format will depend on the style guide.

In MLA, Chicago, and Turabian style, you should list the duplicate-author entries in alphabetical order according to the title of the work. The author's name is written as normal for his or her first entry, but for the second entry, you will replace the author's name with three long dashes. 

In APA style, you list the duplicate-author entries in chronological order of publication, placing the earliest first. The name of the author is used for all entries.

For works with more than one author, styles vary as to whether you invert the name of any authors after the first. Whether you use title casing or sentence-style casing on titles of sources, and whether you separate elements with commas or periods also varies among different style guides. Consult the guide's manual for more detailed information.

Bibliography entries are usually formatted using a hanging indent. This means that the first line of each citation is not indented, but subsequent lines of each citation are indented. Check with your instructor or publication to see if this format is required, and look up information in your word processor's help program if you do not know how to create a hanging indent with it.

Chicago's Bibliography vs. Reference System

Chicago has two different ways of citing works consulted: using a bibliography or a references page. Use of a bibliography or a references page depends on whether you're using author-date parenthetical citations in the paper or footnotes/endnotes. If you're using parenthetical citations, then you'll follow the references page formatting. If you're using footnotes or endnotes, you'll use a bibliography. The difference in the formatting of entries between the two systems is the location of the date of the cited publication. In a bibliography, it goes at the end of an entry. In a references list in the author-date style, it goes right after the author's name, similar to APA style.

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How to Cite Wikipedia

Last Updated: January 15, 2024 Tested

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jack Lloyd . Jack Lloyd is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. He has over two years of experience writing and editing technology-related articles. He is technology enthusiast and an English teacher. The wikiHow Tech Team also followed the article's instructions and verified that they work. This article has been viewed 480,485 times. Learn more...

This wikiHow teaches you how to create a proper citation for a Wikipedia article. The easiest way to do this is by using Wikipedia's built-in citation generator that links to the version of the page you're viewing, though you can also cite by hand if necessary. Before using Wikipedia for research, check with your teacher, professor, or editor to make sure that they will accept a wiki as a reputable source.

Sample Citations

bibliography wiki

Using the Wikipedia Citation Generator

Step 1 Open the article you're citing.

  • You can also just double-click the document to which you want to add the citation if the document is a Word document or similar.

Step 7 Paste in your citation.

Using APA Style

Step 1 Start your entry with the Wikipedia entry title.

  • If you want to lead with an author's name, Wikipedia suggests using "Wikipedia contributors" as the name.

Step 2 Include the date, if available.

  • Returning to our example, your citation would look like this: Jimmy Carter. (n.d.).

Step 3 Write the words

  • Our citation should read as follows: Jimmy Carter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia .

Step 4 Follow with the retrieval date.

  • To illustrate, here is what our example would look like so far: Jimmy Carter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia . Retrieved October 15, 2015,

Step 5 End with the URL.

  • Jimmy Carter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia . Retrieved October 15, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Carter&oldid=862298349
  • Remember to use the permalink, or other readers will have a hard time finding where you got your content from.

Using MLA Style

Step 1 Begin with the article title.

  • "Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Step 3 Include the publisher.

  • "Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Step 4 Add the date of publication, if possible.

  • "Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 25 Sept. 2014.
  • You may find that it's best to simply write "n.p." to indicate the publication date is unknown.

Step 5 Add the publication type.

  • "Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 25 Sept. 2014. Web.

Step 6 End with the date you found the source.

  • "Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 25 Sept. 2014. Web. 2 Feb. 2016.

Community Q&A

Community Answer

  • Wikipedia articles generally provide a list of citations at the bottom of the page. These citations may be more reliable than Wikipedia itself as a source. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
  • You can follow the links in Wikipedia articles to verify that the links' information is presented accurately in the Wikipedia article. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
  • Watch for warnings on the top of a Wikipedia article. Articles are sometimes flagged if they're unreliable or poorly sourced. You should not use these articles in an academic paper. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

bibliography wiki

  • Wikipedia does not guarantee accuracy, offer medical advice, offer legal advice, or contain censored content, and is provided as-is. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
  • Make sure your professor or teacher is okay with Wikipedia as a source before citing it. Many educators consider Wikipedia unreliable and expressly forbid it in academic writing. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

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Cite a Wikipedia Article in MLA Format

  • ↑ http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/10/how-to-cite-wikipedia-in-apa-style.html

About This Article

Jack Lloyd

To cite a Wikipedia article using APA style, begin by writing the title, followed by a period, such as "Jimmy Carter." Next, add the date the article was last modified in parentheses, or write (n.d.) if you can't find the date. Then, add the phrase In Wikipedia to the end of your entry, which means you would write "(Jimmy Carter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia). Finish your citation with the date you retrieved the article, followed by the URL. For tips on how to use Wikipedia's automatic citation tool, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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BiblioGraphy — Free Citation Generator For Academic Papers

Efficient apa&mla citation tool.

Include all the sources you need

Include all the sources you need

Quickly organize your reference list

Quickly organize your reference list

Apply any formatting style your professors ask for

Apply any formatting style your professors ask for

About bibliography.

BiblioGraphy is an online tool that uses AI and online databases to create citations in different formatting styles. It covers anything from in-text citations to entries for reference lists, and can structure them in APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, and other more field-specific formats.  

BiblioGraphy can become a useful addition to any students’ toolkit. It will prove to save you time on the creation of bibliography and generally make the process of academic research easier and quicker. Just go to the tool, enter the title of the source you need to list, or its DOI/URL and the platform will automatically find all the details in the format you need.

bibliography wiki

How do you cite online media?

Citing online media, such as blog posts, social media, and online videos, follows similar principles as citing other online sources, but with some specifics. Generally, you should include the author or creator's name, the title of the post or video, the name of the website or platform, the date of publication, and the URL. For example, citing a YouTube video might involve the video creator's name, the video title, the word "YouTube" as the platform, the upload date, and the URL. Still, these instructions may depend on a specific formatting style. Of course, this may seem a little tricky. In this case, use a free citation creator like BiblioGraphy that knows how to structure all kinds of inline entries.

How to cite websites in APA?

In APA format, to cite a website, you include the author’s name (if available), the publication date (or "n.d." if no date is given), the title of the webpage, and the URL. A basic website citation in APA format might look like this: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL

What is the best website for citations?

If you google “online citation generator” you will find a lot of useful options out there. Some of them may be dedicated to a specific formatting style, others may cover a whole variety of them. Among the best citation generators is BiblioGraphy. This tool can create both references and in-text citations in various styles from most popular APA and MLA to more niche ones like AMA and ACS. It also offers two working modes: manual, where you can enter the source’s details and the platform structures them for you, and automated that creates detailed citations just from the title, DOI, or URL of the original piece. With a tool like this it will certainly be easier for you to finish your paper and do it according to the integrity guidelines of your institution.

How do you create a bibliography?

To create a bibliography, you need to compile a list of all sources you've referred to in your work. This list can be either alphabetically ordered by the author's last name or follow the order in which the sources appear in text. For each entry, include the necessary bibliographic information, which varies based on the citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.). This generally includes the author’s name, the title of the work, the publication date, and the source (like a book publisher or website URL). To make the process of bibliography creation easier, use an online citation generator like BiblioGraphy. With its help you can finish your reference page in under 10 minutes.

How do I format my bibliography?

The formatting of your bibliography depends on the citation style you are using. Generally, it should be in alphabetical order by the author's last name. Ensure consistent formatting throughout, which includes following specific rules for indentation, capitalization, italics, and punctuation. For example, APA style requires a hanging indent for each entry, while MLA style doesn’t.

Online Citation Generators – Make a Perfect Bibliography Without Extra Effort

Simple referencing in a few clicks.

Usually, to create a list of references you need to do a thorough research. First you need to dig up the manual for a specific formatting style and outline how to style the sources that were used for your work. Then you will have to go through the books and articles you collected for your research (if you were smart enough to do so) and make sure that you have all the necessary details such as publication dates and publishers’ names, access dates, all the DOIs and URLS. Only after that can you start organizing everything according to the found examples.

Not going to lie, we got tired even by breaking down this process. And imagine how tired you will be afterward. And all of this just for one or two last pages of your work. So, save your time and organize an efficient process of creating a bibliography by using the powers of modern AI and online citation generators. This way you won’t be that stressed about finishing your research. Besides, with these tools you can be sure to format everything according to your professor’s guidelines.

The Advantages of Using Bibliography Generators

Bibliography generators are a real lifesaver for students. Think about it: how much time have you spent trying to get your references just right? With these tools, you can say goodbye to hours of figuring out where every comma and period goes. They do the heavy lifting for you, quickly creating a list of references that follows all those tricky rules of APA, MLA, or whatever style your teacher asks for. No more stress about getting points deducted for little formatting mistakes! 

Plus, these generators are super easy to use with your usual writing software, updating your bibliography as your paper grows. And, if you’re still learning how to cite properly, they’re like a personal tutor, showing you the ropes of academic referencing in a practical way. So, really, using a bibliography generator is like having a secret weapon for your essays and research papers.

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What is a Bibliography?

What is an annotated bibliography, introduction to the annotated bibliography.

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  • the authors' names
  • the titles of the works
  • the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources
  • the dates your copies were published
  • the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)

Ok, so what's an Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is the same as a bibliography with one important difference: in an annotated bibliography, the bibliographic information is followed by a brief description of the content, quality, and usefulness of the source. For more, see the section at the bottom of this page.

What are Footnotes?

Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it. For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your paragraph. In this case, you could add the symbol for a footnote. Then, at the bottom of the page you could reprint the symbol and insert your comment. Here is an example:

This is an illustration of a footnote. 1 The number “1” at the end of the previous sentence corresponds with the note below. See how it fits in the body of the text? 1 At the bottom of the page you can insert your comments about the sentence preceding the footnote.

When your reader comes across the footnote in the main text of your paper, he or she could look down at your comments right away, or else continue reading the paragraph and read your comments at the end. Because this makes it convenient for your reader, most citation styles require that you use either footnotes or endnotes in your paper. Some, however, allow you to make parenthetical references (author, date) in the body of your work.

Footnotes are not just for interesting comments, however. Sometimes they simply refer to relevant sources -- they let your reader know where certain material came from, or where they can look for other sources on the subject. To decide whether you should cite your sources in footnotes or in the body of your paper, you should ask your instructor or see our section on citation styles.

Where does the little footnote mark go?

Whenever possible, put the footnote at the end of a sentence, immediately following the period or whatever punctuation mark completes that sentence. Skip two spaces after the footnote before you begin the next sentence. If you must include the footnote in the middle of a sentence for the sake of clarity, or because the sentence has more than one footnote (try to avoid this!), try to put it at the end of the most relevant phrase, after a comma or other punctuation mark. Otherwise, put it right at the end of the most relevant word. If the footnote is not at the end of a sentence, skip only one space after it.

What's the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes?

The only real difference is placement -- footnotes appear at the bottom of the relevant page, while endnotes all appear at the end of your document. If you want your reader to read your notes right away, footnotes are more likely to get your reader's attention. Endnotes, on the other hand, are less intrusive and will not interrupt the flow of your paper.

If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes), how's that different from a Bibliography?

Sometimes you may be asked to include these -- especially if you have used a parenthetical style of citation. A "works cited" page is a list of all the works from which you have borrowed material. Your reader may find this more convenient than footnotes or endnotes because he or she will not have to wade through all of the comments and other information in order to see the sources from which you drew your material. A "works consulted" page is a complement to a "works cited" page, listing all of the works you used, whether they were useful or not.

Isn't a "works consulted" page the same as a "bibliography," then?

Well, yes. The title is different because "works consulted" pages are meant to complement "works cited" pages, and bibliographies may list other relevant sources in addition to those mentioned in footnotes or endnotes. Choosing to title your bibliography "Works Consulted" or "Selected Bibliography" may help specify the relevance of the sources listed.

This information has been freely provided by plagiarism.org and can be reproduced without the need to obtain any further permission as long as the URL of the original article/information is cited. 

How Do I Cite Sources? (n.d.) Retrieved October 19, 2009, from http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_how_do_i_cite_sources.html

The Importance of an Annotated Bibliography

An Annotated Bibliography is a collection of annotated citations. These annotations contain your executive notes on a source. Use the annotated bibliography to help remind you of later of the important parts of an article or book. Putting the effort into making good notes will pay dividends when it comes to writing a paper!

Good Summary

Being an executive summary, the annotated citation should be fairly brief, usually no more than one page, double spaced.

  • Focus on summarizing the source in your own words.
  • Avoid direct quotations from the source, at least those longer than a few words. However, if you do quote, remember to use quotation marks. You don't want to forget later on what is your own summary and what is a direct quotation!
  • If an author uses a particular term or phrase that is important to the article, use that phrase within quotation marks. Remember that whenever you quote, you must explain the meaning and context of the quoted word or text. 

Common Elements of an Annotated Citation

  • Summary of an Article or Book's thesis or most important points (Usually two to four sentences)
  • Summary of a source's methodological approach. That is, what is the source? How does it go about proving its point(s)? Is it mostly opinion based? If it is a scholarly source, describe the research method (study, etc.) that the author used. (Usually two to five sentences)
  • Your own notes and observations on the source beyond the summary. Include your initial analysis here. For example, how will you use this source? Perhaps you would write something like, "I will use this source to support my point about . . . "
  • Formatting Annotated Bibliographies This guide from Purdue OWL provides examples of an annotated citation in MLA and APA formats.

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  • Harvard Style Bibliography | Format & Examples

Harvard Style Bibliography | Format & Examples

Published on 1 May 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 7 November 2022.

In Harvard style , the bibliography or reference list provides full references for the sources you used in your writing.

  • A reference list consists of entries corresponding to your in-text citations .
  • A bibliography sometimes also lists sources that you consulted for background research, but did not cite in your text.

The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. If in doubt about which to include, check with your instructor or department.

The information you include in a reference varies depending on the type of source, but it usually includes the author, date, and title of the work, followed by details of where it was published. You can automatically generate accurate references using our free reference generator:

Harvard Reference Generator

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Table of contents

Formatting a harvard style bibliography, harvard reference examples, referencing sources with multiple authors, referencing sources with missing information, frequently asked questions about harvard bibliographies.

Sources are alphabetised by author last name. The heading ‘Reference list’ or ‘Bibliography’ appears at the top.

Each new source appears on a new line, and when an entry for a single source extends onto a second line, a hanging indent is used:

Harvard bibliography

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Reference list or bibliography entries always start with the author’s last name and initial, the publication date and the title of the source. The other information required varies depending on the source type. Formats and examples for the most common source types are given below.

  • Entire book
  • Book chapter
  • Translated book
  • Edition of a book

Journal articles

  • Print journal
  • Online-only journal with DOI
  • Online-only journal without DOI
  • General web page
  • Online article or blog
  • Social media post

Newspapers and magazines

  • Newspaper article
  • Magazine article

When a source has up to three authors, list all of them in the order their names appear on the source. If there are four or more, give only the first name followed by ‘ et al. ’:

Sometimes a source won’t list all the information you need for your reference. Here’s what to do when you don’t know the publication date or author of a source.

Some online sources, as well as historical documents, may lack a clear publication date. In these cases, you can replace the date in the reference list entry with the words ‘no date’. With online sources, you still include an access date at the end:

When a source doesn’t list an author, you can often list a corporate source as an author instead, as with ‘Scribbr’ in the above example. When that’s not possible, begin the entry with the title instead of the author:

Though the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference in meaning:

  • A reference list only includes sources cited in the text – every entry corresponds to an in-text citation .
  • A bibliography also includes other sources which were consulted during the research but not cited.

In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry. When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ‘ et al. ’

In Harvard style referencing , to distinguish between two sources by the same author that were published in the same year, you add a different letter after the year for each source:

  • (Smith, 2019a)
  • (Smith, 2019b)

Add ‘a’ to the first one you cite, ‘b’ to the second, and so on. Do the same in your bibliography or reference list .

To create a hanging indent for your bibliography or reference list :

  • Highlight all the entries
  • Click on the arrow in the bottom-right corner of the ‘Paragraph’ tab in the top menu.
  • In the pop-up window, under ‘Special’ in the ‘Indentation’ section, use the drop-down menu to select ‘Hanging’.
  • Then close the window with ‘OK’.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, November 07). Harvard Style Bibliography | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 February 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/harvard-bibliography/

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Jack Caulfield

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  1. How to Cite Wikipedia: APA, MLA, Chicago

    bibliography wiki

  2. How to Write Bibliography for Wikipedia

    bibliography wiki

  3. 4 Ways to Write a Bibliography

    bibliography wiki

  4. Learn All about Annotated Bibliography for Books Writing

    bibliography wiki

  5. 3 Ways to Write an Annotated Bibliography

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  6. Create a Perfect NLM Annotated Bibliography with Us

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  1. Bibliography for school project

  2. Annotated Bibliography

  3. Creating a Bibliography Within RefWorks

  4. bibliography 😊😊

  5. Write Bibliography page for project file #shortvideo @smartbrain00

  6. BIOLOGY file Bibliography page design

COMMENTS

  1. Bibliography

    Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized : biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology [1] (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized : -logía ).

  2. How to Cite a Wikipedia Article

    Published on June 10, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on January 17, 2024. Wikipedia is a useful source of background information that students often use in the early stages of research. However, it's often not considered a reliable source to cite in your academic writing.

  3. Bibliography

    Bibliography ( Greek βίβλος = book γραφή = write) is the arrangement of printed books and articles according to author or subject, and the publication of lists of titles. Bibliographies are of many different kinds and may be annotated with information about their contents.

  4. 4 Ways to Write a Bibliography

    Method 1 Writing an APA Bibliography Download Article 1 Create a reference list. Reserve a page at the end of the paper for the bibliography. Title it "References." Under this heading, you'll list everything you've used in the paper. [1] 2 Sort all of your references alphabetically by last name.

  5. Bibliography of Wikipedia

    Bibliography of Wikipedia This is a list of books about Wikipedia or for which Wikipedia is a major subject. Wikipedia as primary subject Gourdain, Pierre; O'Kelly, Florence; Roman-Amat, Béatrice; Soulas, Delphine; Droste zu Hülshoff, Tassilo von (2007). La Révolution Wikipédia ( The Wikipedia Revolution). Paris: Les Mille et Une Nuits.

  6. Bibliography

    bibliography, the systematic cataloging, study, and description of written and printed works, especially books. Bibliography is either (1) the listing of works according to some system (descriptive, or enumerative, bibliography) or (2) the study of works as tangible objects (critical, or analytical, bibliography).

  7. Bibliography

    For bibliography entries, you list the sources alphabetically by last name, so you will list the last name of the author or creator first in each entry. You should single-space within a bibliography entry and double-space between them. When an entry goes longer than one line, use a hanging indent of .5 inches for subsequent lines.

  8. What Is a Bibliography?

    A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end. The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your ...

  9. 4 Ways to Cite Wikipedia

    1 Open the article you're citing. Go to the Wikipedia page for the article that you want to cite. 2 Click Cite this page. This link is in the "Tools" section of the column of options that's on the left side of the page. 3 Find your citation style.

  10. Citing a Wikipedia Article

    To make your citation process even smoother, we've used the "Special relativity" entry from Wikipedia as an example. See how to cite this entry in MLA, APA and Harvard referencing below. To cite a Wikipedia article properly, you'll need to find and include the information below: The title of the article. The name of the website (Wikipedia)

  11. Bibliography Citation Machine

    BiblioGraphy is an online tool that uses AI and online databases to create citations in different formatting styles. It covers anything from in-text citations to entries for reference lists, and can structure them in APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, and other more field-specific formats.

  12. What is a Bibliography?

    A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources. the dates your copies were published.

  13. How to Write a Bibliography, With Examples

    A bibliography is a list of all the sources you consulted while writing your paper. Every book, article, and even video you used to gather information for your paper needs to be cited in your bibliography so your instructor (and any others reading your work) can trace the facts, statistics, and insights back to their original sources.

  14. Agatha Christie bibliography

    Agatha Christie (1890-1976) was an English crime novelist, short-story writer and playwright. Her reputation rests on 66 detective novels and 15 short-story collections that have sold over two billion copies, an amount surpassed only by the Bible and the works of William Shakespeare. She is also the most translated individual author in the world with her books having been translated into ...

  15. How to Cite a Wikipedia Page in 4 Easy Ways

    Step 1: Find the title and put it in quotes. Step 2: List the name of the publisher in italics.

  16. How to Cite Wikipedia in MLA Format

    Instead, begin the entry on your works cited page with the Wikipedia page name in quotation marks. For the container name, use Wikipedia's full name. Here's what a Wikipedia citation looks like in MLA format: "Page name.". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Day Month Year last updated, permalink.

  17. bibliography summary

    The word can refer to the listing of books according to some system (called descriptive, or enumerative, bibliography), to the study of books as tangible objects (called critical, or analytical, bibliography), or to the product of those activities. The purpose of bibliography is to organize information about materials on a given subject so that ...

  18. Harvard Style Bibliography

    Formatting a Harvard style bibliography. Sources are alphabetised by author last name. The heading 'Reference list' or 'Bibliography' appears at the top. Each new source appears on a new line, and when an entry for a single source extends onto a second line, a hanging indent is used: Harvard bibliography example.