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How Can We Keep Our Rivers and Lakes Clean? | A complete guide

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How Can We Keep Our Rivers and Lakes Clean? | A complete guide

Our beautiful rivers and lakes hold immense importance as invaluable resources that generously offer us not only water and leisure opportunities but also sustain vital ecosystems. Unfortunately, in recent years, these very water bodies have become increasingly burdened by the grave issue of pollution. It is incumbent upon us to step up and shoulder the responsibility of preserving the purity and well-being of our cherished rivers and lakes, not only for the present but also for the prosperity of generations to come. Within the confines of this article, we will delve into practical and impactful approaches that can be adopted to uphold the cleanliness and ecological health of our beloved rivers and lakes.

Understanding Water Pollution

Water pollution is a multifaceted challenge that emanates from diverse origins, encompassing industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and the improper disposal of waste materials. These pollutants wield the potential to substantially degrade the overall quality of our invaluable water bodies. As a result, aquatic ecosystems bear the brunt of adverse impacts, while the safety of drinking water supplies is also jeopardized. Grasping the intricate interplay of factors contributing to water pollution is paramount in formulating effective strategies for its mitigation.

Is my local lake or river polluted?

Significance of Pristine Rivers and Lakes

The significance of upholding the purity of rivers and lakes transcends mere aesthetics. These aqueous realms stand as veritable pillars, supporting the bedrock of biodiversity, recreational pursuits, and agricultural enterprises. Within their nurturing embrace, a multitude of species find refuge and sustenance, contributing to the delicate balance of ecosystems. Furthermore, the tranquil allure of these waters provides a canvas for leisure and outdoor activities, fostering well-being. The undeniable importance of these water bodies for irrigation and farming underscores the imperative of safeguarding their pristine state for generations to come.

green Lake

Taking Individual Actions to Ensure Water Purity

The collective impact of individual actions in preserving water purity cannot be overstated. Each person wields the transformative ability to effect change by making conscientious choices. Simple yet profound changes, such as reducing personal water consumption, adopting meticulous waste disposal practices, and cultivating awareness regarding the products used, can significantly contribute to the conservation of water quality. Empowering individuals to become stewards of water purity underscores the pivotal role they play in the broader narrative of environmental preservation.

Why is it important to keep rivers and lakes clean?

Appropriate Disposal of Waste Materials

The proper disposal of waste materials assumes an unprecedented level of significance in the realm of water pollution prevention. Disregarding responsible waste management can catalyze the ingress of harmful pollutants into our precious water bodies. Embracing eco-conscious practices, including recycling, composting, and adhering to the correct procedures for hazardous substances, serves as a formidable defense against the infiltration of contaminants. By adopting these practices, we build a protective shield around our rivers and lakes, ensuring their untainted splendor endures.

Bottles with detergent and cleaning supplies on brown background, space for text

Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Approaches

The interconnection between agricultural practices and water pollution is profound. Pesticides and fertilizers, while essential for crop cultivation, often find their way into water bodies, triggering a cascade of detrimental effects. The shift towards sustainable agricultural approaches holds immense promise as a solution. Implementing strategies such as judicious chemical use, responsible irrigation, and precision farming can significantly curb the runoff of pollutants. By harmonizing agricultural productivity with environmental preservation, we forge a sustainable path forward.

Rural family pick organically tomatoes in garden

Managing Wastewater Effectively

Undoubtedly, the efficient management of wastewater constitutes a linchpin in the fight against water pollution. Failing to treat sewage adequately can lead to the contamination of waterways, imperiling aquatic life and human health alike. Elevating the standards of wastewater treatment facilities and ensuring their consistent upkeep is a non-negotiable mandate in the pursuit of pollution reduction. By championing effective wastewater management practices, we erect a formidable barrier against the encroachment of pollution into our water bodies.

Exercising Control Over Industrial Pollution

The industrial sector occupies a pivotal role in the water pollution narrative, given its potential to release a torrent of pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. However, the tide is turning with an increasing focus on responsible production methods and advanced waste management systems. Industries now stand at a crossroads where embracing cleaner practices is not only an ethical imperative but also a strategic advantage. By aligning economic pursuits with environmental stewardship, we recalibrate the trajectory of industrial impact on water quality.

Curbing Erosion and Sedimentation

Construction projects and deforestation activities often pave the way for accelerated erosion and sedimentation within water bodies. The repercussions are far-reaching, affecting water quality and disrupting aquatic habitats. To counter this, it is incumbent upon us to implement robust erosion control measures. By weaving nature-based solutions with innovative engineering, we can stem the tide of excessive sedimentation. Preserving the sanctity of our water bodies demands nothing less than a united effort to safeguard against erosion’s relentless advances.

Safeguarding Riparian Zones

Riparian zones, those critical buffer areas flanking rivers and lakes, epitomize the frontlines of defense against pollution. A verdant tapestry of native vegetation within these zones acts as a natural filtration system, arresting pollutants before they infiltrate the waters. The act of safeguarding these zones is an investment in both ecological resilience and water quality preservation. By nurturing these riparian habitats, we forge an unbroken bond between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, enhancing the vitality of both.

Role of Government Regulations and Policies

In the grand tapestry of pollution abatement, governments wield the power to effect transformative change. Through the formulation and enforcement of regulations, authorities can rein in the excesses that undermine water quality. A strategic tightening of controls, particularly in areas like industrial discharges and agricultural practices, can wield a monumental impact on the trajectory of water pollution. By aligning policy with environmental imperatives, governments become stalwarts in the collective endeavor to safeguard our water resources.

selective focus of female scientist in protective mask and suit writing in clipboard while her

Fostering Community Participation

The cornerstone of any environmental movement lies in community engagement. Empowered communities can organize large-scale clean-up initiatives, ignite conversations, and cultivate a deep-seated reverence for clean water. The synergy between engaged citizens and proactive authorities can be a driving force for change. By nurturing a sense of shared responsibility, communities become the vanguards of water purity, challenging the status quo and ushering in a new era of environmental consciousness.

Volunteers picking trash in lake park, volunteering

Harnessing Innovations in Water Pollution Prevention

The battle against water pollution is experiencing a paradigm shift fueled by cutting-edge technologies. Innovations like nanotechnology-based filters and remote sensing systems are revolutionizing pollution prevention. These breakthroughs open new avenues to detect and address pollution in real-time, enhancing our ability to respond swiftly. By embracing these technological marvels, we bridge the gap between human ingenuity and environmental preservation, charting a course toward a cleaner water future.

Educational Empowerment

Education stands as a beacon, illuminating the path towards sustainable environmental practices. Equipping the younger generation with knowledge about the pivotal role of clean water and actionable steps for its preservation is pivotal. This pedagogical empowerment cultivates a sense of responsibility that transcends generations. By nurturing a generation of informed advocates, we forge an unbroken chain of environmental stewards committed to the long-term vitality of our water resources.

Why are rivers and lakes important to us?

Rivers and lakes hold a position of paramount importance in our lives, touching upon various aspects that shape our well-being. Beyond being sources of freshwater, these aquatic bodies underpin an intricate tapestry of functions. They quench our thirst, offer spaces for recreation and solace, and stand as essential cornerstones of diverse ecosystems that thrive within their realms. Recognizing their multi-dimensional significance illuminates the profound ways in which rivers and lakes intertwine with our existence.

What Causes Water Pollution?

The intricate web of water pollution is woven from a myriad of sources, each contributing to a complex mosaic of contamination. This includes the discharges from industries, laden with a medley of pollutants, the runoff from agricultural lands carrying fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper handling of waste materials. This interplay of factors converges to degrade the quality of our precious water bodies. Delving into the roots of water pollution unveils the need for holistic strategies to combat this pervasive issue.

How Can I Contribute to Clean Water?

The journey towards clean water begins with individual empowerment and conscientious choices. Embracing a water-conscious lifestyle necessitates a triad of actions. By consciously diminishing personal water consumption, ensuring proper waste disposal methods, and displaying prudence in the selection of products that could potentially introduce pollutants, each person becomes a custodian of water purity. Understanding the power of these seemingly modest actions is pivotal in safeguarding the sanctity of our water resources.

What is a Riparian Zone?

A riparian zone emerges as a pivotal ecological entity, holding the key to preserving water quality along riverbanks and lake shores. This transitional zone, marked by the lush embrace of vegetation, acts as a natural buffer, shielding water bodies from pollutants. Not only does it thwart soil erosion, but it also facilitates the filtration of contaminants, rendering the water cleaner and more resilient. Exploring the role of riparian zones unveils their intrinsic connection to the vitality of aquatic ecosystems.

What Can Industries Do to Prevent Water Pollution?

Industries, as significant players in the landscape of pollution, bear a unique responsibility to champion transformation. Through the adoption of cleaner production methods, industries can curtail the release of harmful substances into water bodies. Furthermore, efficient waste management practices offer a robust shield against contamination. By embracing these proactive approaches, industries recalibrate their role, transitioning from contributors to solution providers in the relentless pursuit of water quality preservation.

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16 Ways to Reduce Water Pollution

The global water crisis is only growing – but what can individuals do to reduce water pollution at home?

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ways to reduce water pollution

Water pollution is hurting our marine life, our environment, and populations around the world – and the pollutants that enter our waters aren’t just single use plastics ! Waterways and bodies of water are polluted when harmful substances like chemicals or toxic waste contaminate them.

When waters are polluted millions of people lose access to safe drinking water, leading to disease and even death: 80% of diseases around the world are related to poor-quality drinking water.

In addition, ecosystems aren’t able to support the complex ecosystems that depend on clean, unpolluted water. Knowing all of the disastrous effects of water pollution, many people are looking to make a change in their personal lives, and find ways to reduce water pollution.

In this article, we’ll explore several different ways to reduce water pollution in your home, work, and personal life, and why these changes matter.

16 ways to reduce water pollution and help look after our planet

While a large percentage of the world’s water pollution is caused by large-scale industrial, agricultural, and maritime transit operations, each individual still plays a role in reducing water pollution.

While some of these ways to reduce water pollution may not surprise you, some you may not know. In fact, some of these suggestions shine a light on how certain acts can actually lead to increased pollution levels!

Let’s take a closer look at the different ways to reduce water pollution.

1. Pick up litter and dispose of it properly

One of the best ways to reduce water pollution is to prevent it at the source: by disposing of waste properly. In fact, 60% of water pollution today can be attributed to litter.

recycling bins

Waste that litters our roads, fields, and sidewalks often flows into nearby drains and streams when it rains. When the litter degrades, chemicals and microparticles are released. 

Chemicals and other pollutants from this litter can negatively impact the environment and wildlife in waterways. Cigarette butts are a common example of litter that can seriously damage the natural environment. They can contain chemicals like arsenic and formaldehyde that will seep into soil, and in turn, freshwater sources.

2. Dispose of chemicals and fuel properly

It’s important to know that you should never pour used motor oil or antifreeze down a storm drain, onto the soil, into a waterway, or into the sanitary sewer. All of these drains flow into rivers, meaning this harmful substance will certainly make its way to wreak havoc on the natural life of your waterway.

So how can you dispose of it?

Put used oil or antifreeze in a sturdy container and take it to a local service station or other approved center.

Your community may have a recycling center that will accept the used motor oil and recycle it. Community collection centers and drop-off sites also exist in some areas.

It’s even a good idea to label the container, so others will know that allowing liquids other than storm water to get into the drain leads to the pollution of lakes and streams.

3. Mulch or compost grass or yard waste

In many places around the world, leaves and grass are important parts of the natural environment. Left on land, leaves decompose, feeding your plants and enriching your soil. 

However, these same leaves and yard waste can lead to problematic water pollution. When large amounts of leaves are washed off our lawns, down our driveways, and into storm drains, they make their way into our water bodies; the y release phosphorus and nitrogen into our water , contributing to water pollution.

a pile of garden waste compost

There are a few potential solutions to this issue, however:

  • Your city may be able to dispose of your leaves and yard waste – you can bag your leaves for curbside pick-up.
  • You can also mix your leaves into your compost pile, creating a nutrient-rich fertilizer for your plants.
  • Using a mulching mower, you can create mulch from your leaves to use in flower beds.
  • Leave leaves and yard waste in your front yard if you can’t compost them – avoid blowing leaves into the street and clogging and damaging storm drains.

4. Don’t pour fat and grease down the drain

Most of the dishes we cook leave some sort of fat, oil, or grease residue behind. These substances should never be disposed of down the drain in your kitchen.

When poured down the drain, fat and grease can build up over time and clog your pipes. This will lead to sewer pipes clogging and even backing up into your yard and basement. It can also lead to water pollution by carrying contaminants to local bodies of water.

Instead, grease, fat, and used cooking oil should be disposed of in the trash or kept in a glass jar for disposal with other solid waste.

5. Minimize your use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers

In the continental U.S., about half a million tons of pesticides, 12 million tons of nitrogen, and 4 million tons of phosphorus fertilizer are applied annually to crops. These chemicals can cause critical damage to our waters through the soil, runoff, and air.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends several techniques for large-scale farm operations to mitigate these effects, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which encourages natural barriers and limits pesticide use.

tractor spraying pesticides

At home, however, you can do your part by minimizing your use of fertilizers and pesticides on your lawn and gardens. You can also select plants that are native to the area and can thrive in your landscape’s natural conditions. In turn, you will have to fertilize them less and use less water in the long run.

If you must use fertilizers, make sure to blow or sweep it back onto your grass if it gets onto paved areas, and avoid applying fertilizer on the grass right before it rains, so it doesn’t wash into storm drains and waterways.

6. Use the minimum amount of laundry detergent

Laundry detergent and other cleaning products contain chemicals like phosphates that are harmful to our waters and marine life.

Phosphates lead to algae blooms and kill fish and other aquatic animals by reducing the oxygen in the water. Soaps and detergents can also break up oil and send it lower into the water column, causing damage to more marine organisms.

When spilled in our waterways, soaps and detergents in and of themselves are actually a pollutant that may be harmful.

By cutting down on detergent, or using phosphate-free detergent, you can further cut down on water pollution from your own home. There are plenty of effective natural laundry detergents that you can substitute for chemically-intensive detergents in your home.

7. Dispose of medical waste properly

Never flush pills, powders, or liquid medicines down the toilet or dump them outside, whether on land or water. These drugs can accumulate in the water and be consumed by fish and other wildlife.

a bottle with pink pills

Hormones and other compounds end up causing a variety of health problems in fish and birds and contaminate drinking water that people and livestock use.

Studies have found that medicines flushed down the drain can contaminate our lakes and streams and eventually end up in our drinking water. This can lead to adverse reactions for some people and even cases of accidental poisoning.  

University of Minnesota researchers have also detected antibiotics used for human and animal treatment at low levels in lakes, rivers, and streams throughout Minnesota. The U.S. Geological Survey has also found antibiotics in groundwater in both non-agricultural and urban areas.

8. Avoid using a garbage disposal

Depending on where you live, the garbage disposal in your kitchen can also lead to harmful environmental effects like water pollution.

Near large bodies of water, garbage disposals will wash food scraps down the drain and into bodies of water that can be contaminated by the high levels of nitrogen in food waste. Nitrogen can harm local marine and plant life significantly.

It’s best to keep your solid waste solid , experts say, and opt for a compost pile from food scraps when possible.

9. Check your sump pump or cellar drain

If your home has a sump pump or cellar drain, you can check to make sure that it does not drain into the local sanitary sewer system. This connection often dumps harmful biological waste, cleaning chemicals, heavy metals, and more into the system.

As we know, local sewer systems drain straight into rivers, streams, and other bodies of water.

cellar drain pipe

At home, you can do your part when it comes to going green and preventing water pollution by checking your sump pump or cellar drain connection. If you’re not sure, you can contact your city’s local pollution control department.

10. Eat more organic food

Organic foods are not only better for you, but opting for organic is also a big way to reduce water pollution.

Organic foods tend to be cultivated with few synthetic chemicals, and in turn, they result in less chemical pollution in waterways.

The process of organic farming also can be used to reduce water pollution in the U.S., as studies have found. The leaching of nitrate from farming soil into water drainage systems is a major source of water pollution in the upper Midwestern state of the U.S.

In an attempt to reduce the environmental impacts associated with heavy fertilizer use in conventional agriculture, some producers have begun to investigate organic methods.

All in all, agriculture is one of the largest culprits of water pollution around the world. From fertilizer and pesticide use, to the synthetic chemicals used to preserve foods and the fuel used to power equipment, all of these factors play a part in increasing water pollution.

By opting for less chemically-intensive foods, individuals can make a difference in the quality of our waters.

11. Try to avoid buying plastic items

Plastics, like most waste, can end up in a landfill. When improperly managed, waste from landfills make its way into our ocean and bodies of water. From plastic shopping bags to bottles to tupperware, all of these products can cause water pollution at a large scale.

Plastics break down slowly in some waters, but usually, end up degrading the water quality with toxic compounds and harming human and animal health.

plastic free food storage containers

Microplastics have been detected in water worldwide, including in our streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. In these waterways, the microplastics end up in the water we drink and the fish we eat, including shellfish.

Thus, one of the best ways to reduce water pollution is to avoid buying and using new plastic items, especially those that are not accepted at your local recycling facility. There are some great alternatives on the market to replace commonly-used plastic products like plastic wrap , sippy cups , and trash bags . 

12. Plant some trees

It may surprise you to find out that deforestation is one of the main causes of water pollution. Healthy forests can act as a filter to keep pollution out of water, anchoring soil against erosion and helping the forest absorb nutrients.

Trees also help protect water quality by capturing, storing, and using rainfall. In doing so, they reduce the amount of runoff that carries pollution off of the landscape and into nearby rivers and lakes. This process also decreases the rate and volume of stormwater flowing through local storm sewers.

In this way, one of the best ways to reduce water pollution is to plant some trees! If you live in an urban area, a healthy tree canopy is especially important. Trees provide other health benefits like helping heat and cool buildings, filtering air pollution, and more.

Select some species that are native to your area, and in no time your trees will begin improving air quality and doing their part in reducing water pollution. If you lack the space, try to find a local communal garden or space to plant some trees elsewhere in your community.

13. Keep your vehicles from leaking

It’s important to maintain your vehicle’s maintenance, not only to save money, but also to prevent oil and other fuels from leaking onto the road. Leaky seals, hoses, and gaskets often leak fluid from cars and end up in the local water table, or runoff into nearby streams, rivers, and other bodies of water.

oil spills into a sewer drain

Oil and other fuels do not dissolve in water, and are toxic to people, wildlife, and plants and can disturb natural aquatic environments.

These toxic substances can last a long time and stick to everything in and near an aquatic environment, from sand to bird feathers. To prevent leaks from our cars getting onto roads and washed into storm drains, regular vehicle maintenance is important.

14. Shop with water pollution in mind

Like your food choices, your shopping tendencies can make a difference when it comes to finding ways to reduce water pollution. The textile industry is one of the largest culprits for releasing pollutants into our waters.

This is because textile processing involves applying vast amounts of chemicals to fabrics – over 8,000 synthetic chemicals, in fact. It’s estimated that around 20% of all water pollution worldwide comes from the dyeing of textiles.

But how does making clothes lead to water pollution? Water is used during the process of applying chemicals and dye to fabrics and this contaminated water is often dumped back into rivers and other waterways.

a person dyeing a piece of fabric in a bucket with water

To reduce the water pollution that results from textile production, try to only buy brand new clothes when you need them, and opt for second-hand clothing wherever you can. This reduces the amount of new clothing that must be produced and thus the water required to create them.

You can also recycle your clothes for a more sustainable wardrobe, or shop locally to limit the pollution that comes from transporting goods long distances.

15. Support environmental charities

To directly make a difference in reducing water pollution, there are several nonprofits that are making clean, unpolluted waters available throughout the world. Supporting these organizations, whether by monetary donations or volunteering can help them maximize their influence.

Some examples of these non-profits include Water.org , U.S. Water Alliance , Water for People , and the Water Project .  

16. Cut down on meat consumption

You may not have known that changing up your diet, even once a week, can make a huge difference when it comes to reducing water pollution.

Raising and housing animals requires large amounts of water – in the U.S. especially, slaughterhouses raise millions of animals per year for consumption – more than 8 billion chickens, 100 million hogs, and 30 million beef cattle.

chickens on a chicken farm

All of the resources that these animals require are often contaminated and disposed of improperly. Most meat and poultry plants in the U.S. release contaminants into drinking water systems and soil, which in turn contaminates groundwater. These contaminants can include nitrate, nitrite, and fecal coliform, as well as byproducts like chlorine.

These chemicals can not only harm drinking water, they’re also toxic to plants and animals in local ecosystems.

Final thoughts on the ways to reduce water pollution

If you’re looking to live a greener life and care about bettering your area, these are sure ways to reduce water pollution, improve drinking water, and create cleaner aquatic ecosystems in your area.

From making easy switches from plastic, cleaning products, and laundry detergent in your home, to properly disposing of chemicals and cooking oil, it’s often not hard to play your part in reducing pollutants in our waters.

If you observe a possible violation of environmental laws and regulations in the U.S. like illegal dumping of pollutants, you can also report it to the EPA via this form .

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6 Ways You Can Help Keep Our Water Clean

Quick and easy things you can do to reduce water pollution and runoff.

Rainwater puddles on pavement

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Simply by going about your daily routines—using cleaning products, walking the dog—you might be unknowingly contributing to the pollution of our already struggling waterways. Luckily, there are a few incredibly easy ways to reduce your impact.

1. Take a hard look at your outdoor surfaces.

Stormwater flows across hard materials, like concrete or asphalt, and into storm drains—bringing all the dirty stuff it picked up along the way. Stop these pollution streams on your own property by using gravel, paver stones, wood, or other porous materials whenever possible. If a hard surface is unavoidable (say, in the case of a driveway), dig a shallow trench along the border and add plants or gravel to catch the runoff before it travels too far.

2. Remember, your toilet is not a trash can.

Never flush nondegradable products, like baby wipes or plastic tampon applicators. They can throw a huge wrench into the sewage treatment process and wind up littering beaches and water. (Who wants to walk along a beach and step in their own garbage?) And never dump old pills in the toilet, either. Instead, bring them to a local pharmacy that has a take-back program.

3. And neither is your sink.

Don't let paint, used oil, chemical cleaners, or other questionable household products go down the drain. These items contain toxic ingredients (think sodium hypochlorite, ammonia, formaldehyde) we don't want in our water supply. To find out about hazardous-waste collection days and facilities, search by product on Earth911 or contact your local sanitation, public works, or environmental health department.

4. Pick up after Fido.

You're not just being a good neighbor. Scooping up pet waste keeps that bacteria-laden crap (literally) from running into storm drains and water supplies. The most practical of the planet-friendly disposal methods is to tie it in a recycled-plastic pet-waste bag and throw it in the trash, but check your local ordinances.

5. Be a more careful car owner.

Good maintenance can reduce the leaking of oil, coolant, antifreeze, and other nasty liquids that are carried by rainwater down driveways or through parking lots and then seep into groundwater supplies. Go a step further by always choosing a car wash over hosing down your ride yourself. The pros are required to drain their wastewater into sewer systems, where the water is treated for all the bad stuff before being discharged. Many even recycle that water.

6. Dish the dirt(y water).

Without tattletales, polluters will just keep on keeping on. If you see suspect behavior in your community, get hooked up with a local environmental group that can help by contacting the Clean Water Network or Waterkeeper Alliance . When small organizations work with bigger ones (e.g., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NRDC) to force industries to follow the rules, real change can happen. (And it feels pretty darn good.)

This NRDC.org story is available for online republication by news media outlets or nonprofits under these conditions: The writer(s) must be credited with a byline; you must note prominently that the story was originally published by NRDC.org and link to the original; the story cannot be edited (beyond simple things such as grammar); you can’t resell the story in any form or grant republishing rights to other outlets; you can’t republish our material wholesale or automatically—you need to select stories individually; you can’t republish the photos or graphics on our site without specific permission; you should drop us a note to let us know when you’ve used one of our stories.

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New Products Provide Easy Access to Restoration Information

New and improved science tools can help managers and researchers evaluate current threats and develop management strategies to protect and restore the valuable Great Lakes ecosystem.

New and improved science tools can help managers and researchers evaluate current threats and develop management strategies to protect and restore the valuable Great Lakes ecosystem.    

The recently released U.S. Geological Survey products provide free environmental data to the public as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), a collaborative effort to conserve the Great Lakes. The new  GLRI Science Explorer and redesigned GLRI website  (most compatible with the Google Chrome browser*), launched in November 2014, offer critical information pertaining to USGS GLRI projects, and allow researchers to contribute their own material. The interactive  Science in the Great Lakes (SiGL)  mapper was released in December 2014 and provides information about current and past Great Lakes studies.   

Researchers, managers and the public can use the GLRI Science Explorer to find information about USGS GLRI science projects, as well as publications and datasets resulting from those projects. It currently contains information about 74 projects that are completed and in progress, 66 publications and 11 datasets. Science Explorer information is stored in ScienceBase, a cataloging and content management platform developed by the USGS, which allows for contributions from USGS scientists and collaborators. 

“We are eagerly seeking contributions of data or metadata to the Science Explorer,” said USGS scientist Jessica Lucido. 

The interactive SiGL mapper is a centralized place where researchers and managers can identify relevant scientific activities and access fundamental information about these efforts. It was designed to help coordinate all of the scientific projects in the Great Lakes Basin. SiGL captures information about any type of scientific activity and provides details on how to access the data and results from those projects. 

“SiGL can help researchers and managers strategically plan, implement and analyze their monitoring and restoration activities,” said Jennifer Bruce, a USGS scientist. “We hope to encourage coordination and collaboration among all organizations throughout the Great Lakes Basin with this tool.”

SiGL contains over 250 projects and 10,500 sites, including all the USGS GLRI projects in the Science Explorer. Over 65 organizations have contributed to SiGL, including federal, state and local governments and agencies, tribes, universities and non-profit organizations. It provides information about general project details, specific sampling efforts, publications, data availability and access and contact information. 

For more information about these and other USGS GLRI tools, please visit the  USGS GLRI website . 

The GLRI accelerates efforts to protect and restore the Great Lakes, the largest system of fresh surface water in the world. It targets the most significant problems in the region, including invasive aquatic species, pollution and contaminated sediment. 

*  DOI  and  USGS  link policies apply.

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The Great Lakes hold 1/3 of the world’s surface freshwater, supporting critical drinking water resources, wildlife ecosystems, and the regional economy. ELPC is fighting to protect the lakes for the long-term health and vitality of the Midwest.

The Great Lakes form the largest freshwater system on Earth, providing drinking water to 42 million people. With 4,530 miles of U.S. shoreline, America’s inland coast is also its longest. The lakes are home to a vibrant local economy of tourism, recreation, and industry. Fishing alone supports a $7 billion economy, and the lakes form rich ecosystems of fish, birds, and other species.

Despite all of their power, majesty, and importance, the Great Lakes are not impervious to harm. In the past, they have been put under tremendous strain and mistreated for short-term economic gain. But today, we know that healthy lakes mean healthy communities and healthy economies. Today, the lakes are facing new challenges from pollution to climate change, but Midwestern communities are finding creative ways to clean up old pollution, build resilient infrastructure, and create jobs in the green economy.

What is ELPC Doing?

Blocking industrial pollution.

ELPC is a watchdog for the Great Lakes, keeping an eye on major facilities and holding the EPA accountable for monitoring and enforcement in Region 5. For example, ELPC and allies recently reached a consent decree with the Cleveland-Cliffs steel mill in Burns Harbor Indiana, formerly owned by ArcelorMittal. We filed suit after finding over a hundred Clean Water Act permit violations affecting Lake Michigan, including discharges for ammonia and cyanide that killed thousands of fish and shut down beaches in the Indiana Dunes National Park in 2019. Now the company will have to fix equipment and serious operational deficiencies, pay a $3 million civil penalty, and create environmentally beneficial projects, including donating 127 acres to be cleaned up and added to the Indiana Dunes National Park. Learn more about our watchdog work to protect this area in our Northwest Indiana Protector Project .

Preventing toxic algae

In the summer of 2014, Toledo’s drinking water supply to nearly half a million people was shut down for 72 hours, crippled by deadly microcystin bacteria. The green clouds of harmful algae plaguing Lake Erie in recent years are fueled by phosphorus pollution from the growing number of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in the Maumee river watershed. But this issue extends far beyond Ohio, as CAFO pollution fuels toxic algae in several states across the Midwest. ELPC has been monitoring CAFO pollution, fighting in the courts to hold pollution control agencies accountable, and pursuing stronger policies to protect safe, clean water in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

Preserving funding for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)

The Great Lakes face many challenges, with outdated infrastructure, threats of invasive species, and eroding habitat. Since GLRI was instituted in 2010, a key study showed that each dollar spent in restoration nets $3.35 in additional economic activity through 2036. Yet Republicans have proposed zeroing-out or cutting GLRI funding multiple times. Thanks to ELPC’s vocal support and our Midwestern allies, Congress has rejected these presidential cuts and reauthorized critical Great Lakes funding each year.

Protecting the Great Lakes from oil pipelines

Under the Straits of Mackinac lies a ticking time bomb. The 60+ year old Enbridge Line 5 carries over 20 million gallons of oil every day along the lakebed between Lakes Michigan and Huron. A rupture could impair the drinking water of millions. We are working with a regional coalition to remove the pipeline or hold Enbridge accountable for spills. ELPC is fighting to save the Midwest’s precious waterways and protect the taxpayers from funding polluters’ cleanup.

Fighting Climate Change in the Great Lakes

Climate change is already warming the Midwest faster than the rest of the nation, exacerbating toxic algae, eroding shoreline communities, and causing many other impacts. ELPC is working to amplify the science, including putting together a state-of-the-science report assessing climate risks around the Great Lakes, by experts from the region. We are also advocating for toxic cleanup and green infrastructure to build resilient communities, while working to shift the Midwest to cleaner transportation and energy solutions. Taking action on climate change is essential for the long-term health and economic strength of our region.

Blocking invasive species

Detrimental species like bighead & silver carp have come to dominate streams along the southern Mississippi watershed, but we can stop them from reaching the Great Lakes if we act now. ELPC is working with colleagues to ensure federal and state funds are invested in infrastructure to prevent invasive species moving up the Illinois River.

Related Story

Victory: settlement with indiana steel mill will protect lake michigan, news & press.

Chicago Sun-Times

ELPC Press Release

Bridge Michigan

Related Projects

Cleaning Up Lake Erie

Suing Lake Michigan Polluter in Burns Harbor

Protecting Northwest Indiana

how to prevent water pollution in lakes

Keeping Lakes Healthy

Dr. Frederic Beaudry is an associate professor of environmental science at Alfred University in New York.

  • University of Maine
  • Humboldt State University
  • Université du Québec à Rimouski
  • Conservation

Living with a lake view can be a wonderful way to feel close to nature, to enjoy aquatic activities, and to experience the seasons as they go by. However, owning lakeshore property comes with responsibilities towards the ecological health of the lake. To be able to continue enjoying the natural beauty and recreational activities a lake has to offer, and to keep your property's value up, here are a few steps to consider:

Minimize Runoff

Pollution is perhaps the most direct threat to a lake ecosystem. In the absence of industrial waste discharge, much of the pollutants come from rainfall runoff. Perhaps the single most important step to prevent water pollution is to control the amount of pollutant that gets into the lake washed in by rainfall. This can be accomplished through several approaches:

  • Minimize your lawn area. Maintaining a grass lawn is often thought to mean the application of fertilizers and herbicides and it is very difficult to dose them precisely. Rain will transport excess fertilizer into the lake, which will stimulate smelly, unsightly, and potentially toxic algal blooms . Consider skipping the fertilizer, and learn to live with an imperfect lawn. Better yet, cut down on the amount of lawn you need to maintain. Herbicides can be toxic to aquatic life – if you need to use them, spot treat the problem areas as needed.
  • Capture runoff from impervious surfaces. Rooftops and driveways are examples of impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to percolate into the soil. Instead, rainwater collects pollutants and speeds off, contributing to soil erosion. These soil particles end up in lakes, creating sedimentation problems . Roof runoff can be captured with rain barrels, and later used to water flower beds. Road runoff can be routed into a rain garden made of water-loving plants. The energy of the moving water will be absorbed, slowing down erosion, and the suspended particles will get deposited in the garden, instead of in the lake. If you’re planning a new or replacement driveway, consider permeable ones made of pavers which lets run water through and reach the soil.

Protect Natural Shoreline Vegetation

  • Bare lawn all the way to the shoreline might be an aesthetic that appeals to some, but it is hurtful to a lake. It is important to protect existing vegetation along the shoreline: the shrubs and trees there keep the shallow waters cooler, preventing unsightly algal blooms and protecting fish habitat. The plants’ roots hold on to the shoreline soil, preventing erosion. A thick vegetation strip along the shore also acts as a buffer, absorbing pollutants and sediment flowing towards the lake.
  • Replace lost or damaged shoreline vegetation by planting native species. Your local nursery should be able to suggest fast-growing, hardy plants adapted to wet shoreline conditions.

Discourage Invasive Species

  • When landscaping your property, stick to native plant species, especially along the shoreline. Exotic plants can become invasive and rapidly spread along the shore, displacing native ones and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem. Damaging invasive plants include phragmites, purple loosestrife, and reed canary grass.
  • A common way for invasive aquatics plants to enter a lake is by hitching a ride on a boat (an invasive species vector). Bits of algae or plant can be stuck on a boat propeller, or on the trailer, and be accidentally transferred from one lake to another. To avoid this,  take precautions before putting a boat in and better yet consider the possibility of implementing a boat inspection station at the public boat ramp. Many states have grants to assist landowner associations in funding these inspections. Particularly worrisome are Eurasian water-milfoil and​ the spiny water flea, as they can radically transform a lake’s ecology and significantly alter recreational activities.

Friendlier Fishing

  • Countless lakes now have invasive fish species that were introduced by anglers. Don’t be a bucket biologist – only use native fish, crayfish, and leeches as bait. Many lakes have aquatic ecosystems that have now been transformed by the introduction of yellow perch, golden shiners, or rock bass.
  • A particularly insidious form of lake pollution is lead to lost tackle. Practice lead-free fishing, and avoid making the wildlife sick. Loons, grebes, ducks, and bald eagles are particularly vulnerable.

Practice Green Boating

  • Motorboat activities can be disruptive to a lake’s health in many ways. Avoid these issues by choosing human-powered options: canoe, kayak, sailboat, or stand-up paddleboard.
  • If you are using a motorboat, favor four-stroke engines over two-stroke ones. They have better fuel economy, fewer emissions, and are quieter. They also do not release unburned fuel into the water, which two-strokes do.
  • Mind your wake. Slow down when you are near shore, as the wave action created by boats can increase shore erosion, releasing sediment, and damage shoreline vegetation.

Controlling Waste Water

  • Follow existing local ordinances for your septic systems. Regulations specify a minimum distance between the lake shore and your septic system. In addition, regular inspections and maintenance will ensure it functions properly. Leaky septic systems are a major source of nutrient pollution .
  • Mind the products that end up in your septic tank – one of the main issues is the algae-feeding phosphate in soaps. Laundry detergent is now largely phosphate-free in the United States, but many dish-washing soap brands still contain it.
  • However tempting it is, avoid washing in the lake. Shampoos and soaps contain chemicals that are not friendly to aquatic ecosystems, despite the “biodegradable” or “all natural” labels on the bottle.

Going the Extra Mile

  • Join your lake association and be a voice for conservation. When issues arise, research them and promote environmentally sound solutions. In the United States, state departments of natural resources usually have limnologists (lake scientists) who can answer your questions. In addition, many state universities have cooperative extension services which may be able to help you.
  • Be involved with your regional land trust. They may be able to help you protect pieces of shoreline property that are key to the health of a lake.
  • Types, Sources, and Solutions for Lake Pollution
  • How Does Mercury Get in Fish?
  • The Surprising Beauty and Benefits of Driftwood
  • What Is an Indicator Species? 10 Key Examples
  • What Is Hardscaping? Is It Sustainable?
  • 10 Threatened Coastlines in the U.S.
  • What Is Water Pollution? Sources, Environmental Impacts, Mitigation
  • Never, Ever Use Soap in a Lake
  • How Does Tile Drainage Work? Crop Benefits and Environmental Impacts
  • What Are Ocean Dead Zones? Definition, Causes, and Impact
  • How Sediment Causes Pollution
  • Types of Forests: Definitions, Examples, and Importance
  • How to Fight Microplastic Pollution in Garden Soil
  • A Beginner’s Guide to Rainwater Harvesting
  • Explore Dinosaur Fossils, Wildflowers, and Dark Skies at Big Bend National Park
  • How Does Groundwater Pollution Occur?

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Cleaning up our lakes and rivers

The Government of Canada is working hard to clean up polluted and problem waters from coast to coast to coast. Click on the links to learn about the Government's funding investments and water-science work that help clean up, protect and restore our lakes and rivers.

  • Cleaning up Lake Winnipeg
  • St. Lawrence action plan
  • Great Lakes protection
  • Lake of the Woods initiative
  • Lake Simcoe initiative

Comprehensive approach to clean water

The Government of Canada has a strong, comprehensive approach to ensure clean water for all Canadians and a number of concrete and measurable actions have been taken to implement this approach over the past few years. This approach includes:

  • Managing our vast water resources . To preserve and protect our major watersheds for future generations, the Government of Canada made a series of national announcements under the Action Plan for Clean Water in late 2007 and early 2008. This includes the Oceans Action Plan ; the Plan of Action for Drinking Water in First Nations Communities ; clean-up funding for water bodies; wastewater regulations; and, water science.
  • Reducing pollution at the source. Pollution Prevention is the most effective means of protecting our environment, and includes regulation of specific industries like metal mines and pulp and paper.
  • Taking action on toxic and other harmful substances. Through the Chemicals Management Plan , regulations are being prepared to limit toxic chemicals such a Bisphenol A (BPA), from getting into Canada's freshwater reserves. As well, Environment and Climate Change Canada has addressed blue-green algae growth in our lakes and rivers by introducing regulations to restrict and reduce the use of phosphates in household cleaning products and laundry and dishwasher detergents.
  • Monitoring water quality. A significant network of specialists collect water quality data, and monitor the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of Canada's watersheds from more than 3,000 sites across Canada.
  • Investing in infrastructure. Through the Building Canada Fund , measures are being taken so that municipalities and First Nations communities all across the nation can properly upgrade wastewater treatment facilities designed to keep our waterways clean and pollution-free.
  • Developing regulations. The Government of Canada worked with provinces and territories, and also engaged municipalities, to finalize these regulations. The new Wastewater System Effluent Regulations set the country's first national standards for sewage treatment.
  • Making international contributions. Important international contributions are being made through a $2.5-million investment in the United Nations Environment Programme's Global Environment Monitoring System, GEMS/Water . Through that investment, work will help Canadians to better understand inland water quality issues.

The above represent only some examples of how Canada's government is working to protect our water resources. Combined with additional efforts on sustainable water management, in collaboration with provinces and territories, these measures allow us to ensure that all Canadians have access to clean, safe and healthy water; that there is a reliable and secure supply of water; and that our water resources are used wisely, both economically and ecologically.

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How to Reduce Water Pollution

Last Updated: November 6, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Kathryn Kellogg . Kathryn Kellogg is the founder of goingzerowaste.com, a lifestyle website dedicated to breaking eco-friendly living down into a simple step-by-step process with lots of positivity and love. She's the author of 101 Ways to Go Zero Waste and spokesperson for plastic-free living for National Geographic. There are 11 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,002,131 times.

Water is one of the world's most important resources, and we can all do our part to stop it from getting polluted. Simple changes like using natural cleaning products instead of toxic ones in your home and planting more trees and flowers in your yard can make an important impact. On a larger scale, consider speaking up against industries that dump waste into local streams, rivers, and beach fronts to reduce water pollution in your community. Every action you take makes a difference.

Use fewer chemicals to clean your home.

Natural cleaners are just as effective at getting the house clean.

  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a list of cleaning products (as well as a variety of other products) that are considered "green," meaning they won't pollute the water supply. See epa.gov/greenerproducts. [1] X Trustworthy Source United States Environmental Protection Agency Independent U.S. government agency responsible for promoting safe environmental practices Go to source
  • Common household supplies like white vinegar and baking soda can be used for everything from washing windows to scrubbing bathroom tiles, and they're completely non-toxic.

Dispose of waste properly.

Never pour something that isn't biodegradable down the drain.

  • Cleaning solvents
  • Pool chemicals

Don't flush medication.

Use a local “take back” program for safe disposal instead.

Don't flush trash.

Instead of flushing them down the toilet, throw them away.

  • You can also help by using cloth diapers, recycled toilet paper and biodegradable tampons, which reduces the number of items that end up in the landfill.

Conserve as much water as possible.

Conservation is an important way to help preserve water as a global resource.

  • Take showers instead of baths, since baths require more water.
  • Turn off your faucets when you aren't using water, such as when you're brushing your teeth.
  • Don't overwater your lawn. Make sure lawn sprinklers are turned off when it rains.
  • Water your garden before the sun comes up or after it sets to reduce evaporation, which leads to water waste. [6] X Trustworthy Source National Resources Defence Council Multinational environmental advocacy group focused on grassroots activism and legislative action Go to source

Avoid using plastic.

Since it isn't biodegradable, plastic often ends up collecting in water sources.

Don't use pesticides and herbicides.

These chemicals leach deep into the ground and get into the groundwater below.

  • Look into organic gardening practices to find creative ways to deal with garden pests. For example, many pests can be dealt with using a simple solution of dish soap and water.
  • Planting native species can also help, since native species have developed a resistance to the pests and weeds in the area. Species native to other lands are more susceptible to disease as well.

Replace concrete with ground cover

Keeping your lawn is much better for the environment.

Prevent soil erosion from occurring .

Plant tree and local ground cover to support your soil.

Contain and compost yard waste.

Yard waste that sits around can easily wash into storm drains when it rains.

  • Your compost should be contained in a bin or barrel to prevent the materials from being washed away. Some municipalities provide these for free or at low cost.
  • Use a mulching mower instead of bagging grass clippings. Mulching mowers add a natural layer of compost to your lawn and you don't have to deal with disposal of grass clippings.
  • Dispose of yard waste and grass clippings properly. If you don't compost or if you have yard waste that you can't compost, contact your local waste management or environmental protection agency to determine how to dispose them.

Keep your car in good repair.

Oil and chemical leaks can leach into the groundwater beneath the soil.

  • In addition, don't forget to dispose of motor oil properly instead of washing it down the drain.

Get involved at school and work.

Encourage and educate your peers to get involved.

  • For example, you could recommend that your office or school switch to eco-friendly cleaning supplies, and make suggestions as to which ones work well.
  • You could also put up signs reminding people to conserve water in the bathroom and kitchen areas. This could include reminders never to leave a sink running longer than necessary and encouraging the men or boys to use urinals rather than toilet stalls.

Help clean up litter in water-filled areas.

Volunteer for a cleanup day in your city to purify local waterways.

  • If you can't find a local group working to reduce water pollution in your area, you might be just the person to start one! Consider hosting a cleanup day. Set a date, publicize the event, and have a plan in place for collecting and disposing of the trash.

Speak up about water issues that affect your community.

You might be able to make a bigger impact on a local level.

  • Learn about local and national laws against water pollution and join up with groups working to protect water in your area. [15] X Trustworthy Source United States Environmental Protection Agency Independent U.S. government agency responsible for promoting safe environmental practices Go to source
  • Voting for political candidates who strive to protect waterways is a great way to do your part to reduce pollution.

Community Q&A

Donagan

  • If you are not sure whether something is hazardous, check with your local waste management or environmental protection department, or do some research online. Thanks Helpful 3 Not Helpful 0
  • Think about the big picture. You may think that a little oil leak on your car isn't a big deal. However, the oil from thousands or millions of cars with minor oil leaks adds up quickly and soon you're looking at a cumulative oil spill far worse than any oil tanker crash. You can't fix all the oil leaks in the world, but you can fix yours. Be part of the solution. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 1
  • In some areas, agricultural runoff may be a bigger pollution problem than urban runoff. If you're involved in agriculture, contact your local extension service or environmental protection agency to find out more about ways you can reduce your environmental impact. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 1

Tips from our Readers

  • You can help by picking up every single piece of trash around you to solve the problem of land pollution and also soil pollution, which can lead to water pollution. And maybe you can educate your family, friends, or even acquaintances on this topic. By doing this, you could help solve the problem of land and soil pollution.
  • Limit how much asphalt, brick, concrete, cigarettes, alcohol (vineyards), and hair/clothing dyes you use. These are the biggest wastes of water!

how to prevent water pollution in lakes

You Might Also Like

Reduce Stormwater Runoff at Your Home

  • ↑ https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts
  • ↑ https://raleighnc.gov/stormwater/services/spot-report-and-stop-water-pollution/6-ways-prevent-water-pollution
  • ↑ https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need-know#prevent
  • ↑ https://www.nrdc.org/stories/6-ways-you-can-help-keep-our-water-clean
  • ↑ Kathryn Kellogg. Environmentalist. Expert Interview. 28 June 2019.
  • ↑ https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/great-pacific-garbage-patch/
  • ↑ https://groundwater.org/threats/contamination/
  • ↑ https://extension.psu.edu/the-role-of-trees-and-forests-in-healthy-watersheds
  • ↑ https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/yard_waste_practices_impact_water_quality
  • ↑ https://www.epa.gov/sourcewaterprotection/how-can-you-help-protect-source-water
  • ↑ https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-office-water#wetlands

About This Article

Kathryn Kellogg

To reduce water pollution, use natural cleaners like vinegar and baking soda in place of toxic chemicals like bleach and ammonia. Additionally, avoid using pesticides and herbicides in order to prevent groundwater contamination. If you need to dispose of old medications, look into local “take back” programs instead of flushing them down the toilet, where they can end up back in the drinking water. Additionally, avoid flushing non-biodegradable items like diapers and wet wipes, since they can harm fish and other wildlife when they end up in lakes and rivers. For more advice, including how to reduce water pollution by using pesticide and herbicide alternatives, keep reading. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Water Quality Management

Water pollution: how it affects lakes & ponds and its sources.

Water pollution occurs when contaminants – in the form of debris, trash, chemicals, sewage, fertilizers, bacteria, microorganisms and more – enter waterbodies such as lakes, ponds, streams, wetlands, or rivers. Pollution can also be found in U.S. drinking water , including hard metals and other alloys. In addition to pollutants that directly enter water sources, land and air pollution can eventually settle into these same waterbodies, harming fish, macroinvertebrates, plants, and other forms of life.

Urban development, including the expansion of residential communities, shopping centers, and roads, takes much of the blame. When natural land is replaced with concrete and other impervious surfaces, polluted rainfall accelerates towards nearby waterways rather than draining into the ground. This pollution contributes to higher nutrient levels within the water and can lead to the development of algae and possibly harmful algae blooms (HABs) .

Why Clean Water Is Vital to Our Communities

Although water naturally works to filter out and dissolve potentially harmful contaminants, as humans and large animals pump greater amounts of synthetic and natural waste into the environment, it becomes increasingly difficult for water to filter these out. As a result, water resources could become toxic and require remediation or become non-consumable for human and animal use.

Water is essential to our communities and, like you, we care about the health and beauty of our lakes and ponds. Partnering with freshwater management experts can help stakeholders understand the unique characteristics of their waterbodies and arm them with essential tools to protect their precious aquatic resources as pollution becomes an increasingly concerning issue.

How Do Pollutants Enter Waterbodies?

Pollutants can enter a water source in many ways. In addition to the seepage and settling methods, rainfall, storm events, lawn sprinklers, car washing, and more can wash pollutants into waterbodies. They may also be dumped directly, such as recreational water users dumping fuel, sewage, or trash in the water rather than the appropriate receptacles, filtered through inadequate water treatment facilities, or seep in from oil refineries, underground storage tanks, and fracking.

Regardless of how it enters our waterbodies, pollution affects us globally as waterbodies are interconnected. Therefore, when one area is affected by pollution, other regions can also become affected.

Primary Sources of Water Pollution

Rural Development and Agriculture:

As one would expect, development and agricultural sectors consume a significant portion of the world’s water for expansion, building, farming, and livestock. Byproducts like sediment, chemicals, animal waste, fertilizers, and pesticides can end up in all types of waterways, including groundwater, when not properly managed.

Without proper management, this pollution could have long-term negative impacts that may lead to harmful algae blooms, drinking water contamination, and increased bacteria growth in private wells and water treatment plants.

Sewage and Other Wastewater:

Commercial and industrial activities utilize a large quantity of water in their operations. That wastewater may contain dangerous chemicals and contaminants that can find their way into mainstream water sources when not handled or disposed of properly.

Additionally, motor vehicles can distribute dirt, oil, road salts, and other debris along our roads and highways. Those contaminants can then get swept away by rainwater or snowmelt into storm drains that end up in our waterways.

Other Water Pollutants:

Of course, there are unique scenarios that should be kept in mind.

For example, you may hear about major oil spills that impair entire fish communities and impact wildlife. Although these are rare occurrences, they may still pose significant and extensive impairments that are felt for many years after the incident. While unpredictable, these events can lead to better management of equipment and resources to lessen the overall environmental impact.

Leaking underground storage tanks are another example of water contamination that can impair water quality and human health. Petroleum-based pollutants can negatively impact water sources, water treatment plants, water associations, stormwater utilities, wetlands, humans, and livestock.

What Can Be Done to Decrease Water Pollution?

At an individual level, there are plenty of steps you can take to help reduce contaminants:

  • Avoid pouring oil or chemicals, including those from household cleaners or “natural” products, down the household sinks or street drainage systems.
  • Have your water checked for lead and other heavy metal or bacterial contamination.
  • Avoid unnecessary applications or overuse of fertilizer and insecticides. 
  • Collect and prevent grass clippings and leaves from entering waterways.
  • Dispose of animal waste properly.

At a larger level, it’s important to advocate for the proper management and treatment of your local water sources, often nearby lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams.

How to Proactively Enhance Water Quality

HOAs, golf courses, municipalities, and other stakeholders with waterbodies should have management plans in place that incorporate water quality monitoring to help mitigate the effects of pollutants (as well as many other facets that affect water) on their waterbodies. 

Monitoring is a valuable tool, but it cannot be used alone. The introduction of a natural vegetative buffer around the water’s perimeter may help filter pollutants before they flow into the water. Aging shorelines should also be restored to prevent nutrient-rich sediment from eroding into the water. In more extreme cases, nutrient remediation products such as Phoslock , Alum , and EutroSORB , can be applied by licensed professionals to capture and “deactivate” pollutants in the water column. 

These and other solutions are part of a sustainable management program designed to reverse and prevent water quality problems well into the future. Partnering with an experienced aquatic expert can help decision-makers successfully protect and preserve their water resources for all to use and enjoy for years to come.

The Benefits of Water Quality Assessments

Achieve healthy water quality.

Call us at 866-559-2054 or complete the form below to get connected with an aquatic management expert.

SOLitude Lake Management is a nationwide environmental firm committed to providing sustainable solutions that improve water quality, enhance beauty and preserve natural resources.

SOLitude’s team of aquatic scientists specializes in the development and execution of customized lake, stormwater pond, wetland and fisheries management programs. Services include water quality testing and restoration, algae and aquatic weed control, installation and maintenance of fountains and aeration systems, shoreline erosion control, muck and sediment removal and invasive species management. SOLitude partners with homeowners associations, golf courses, private landowners, businesses and municipalities. SOLitude Lake Management is part of  Rentokil , a leading business services company, operating across the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico.

For more information, visit SOLitude Lake Management at  solitudelakemanagement.com , and connect on  Facebook ,  LinkedIn  and  Twitter .

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Land & Water Stories

How We Protect Watersheds

Water supplies, animal habitat, and recreation are all dependent on healthy watersheds.

MDDC Clean Water_sideling hill_Social share_600x315

A watershed is an area of land that drains rain water or snow into one location such as a stream, lake or wetland. These water bodies supply our drinking water, water for agriculture and manufacturing, offer opportunities for recreation (canoeing and fishing, anyone?) and provide habitat to numerous plants and animals. Unfortunately various forms of pollution, including runoff and erosion, can interfere with the health of the watershed. Therefore, it is important to protect the quality of our watersheds.  

Why Do We Need Healthy Watersheds?

Watersheds sustain life, in more ways than one.  According to the Environmental Protection Agency, more than $450 billion in foods, fiber, manufactured goods and tourism depend on clean, healthy watersheds. That is why proper watershed protection is necessary to you and your community.

Watershed protection is a means of protecting a lake, river, or stream by managing the entire watershed that drains into it. Clean, healthy watersheds depend on an informed public to make the right decisions when it comes to the environment and actions made by the community.  

Why We Need to Protect Our Watersheds

Earth is covered in 70% water and unfortunately 40-50% of our nation's waters are impaired or threatened.  "Impaired" means that the water body does not support one or more of its intended uses. This could mean that the water is not suitable to drink, swim in or to consume the fish that was caught there.

The leading causes of pollution in our waterways are sediments, bacteria (such as E. coli) and excess nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus). Although nutrients sound like things that belong in a healthy environment, they can cause big problems in a poorly managed watershed. For instance, sediment can suffocate fish by clogging their gills and the presence of bacteria alone can indicate that other viruses and germs can be found in the water as well. Erosion, runoff of animal waste and overflowing of combined sewers are just a few ways these pollutants reach our waters.  

What You Can do to Help

The EPA offers their tips on how you can help keep your watershed clean and healthy.  

  • Conserve water every day. Take shorter showers, fix leaks & turn off the water when not in use.
  • Don’t pour toxic household chemicals down the drain; take them to a hazardous waste center.
  • Use hardy plants that require little or no watering, fertilizers or pesticides in your yard.
  • Do not over apply fertilizers. Consider using organic or slow release fertilizers instead.
  • Recycle yard waste in a compost pile & use a mulching mower.
  • Use surfaces like wood, brick or gravel for decks & walkways, which allows rain to soak in and not run off.
  • Never pour used oil or antifreeze into the storm drain or the street.
  • Pick up after your dog, and dispose of the waste in the toilet or the trash.
  • Drive less—walk or bike; many pollutants in our waters come from car exhaust and car leaks.

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Top 5 Great Lakes Federal Policy Priorities for 2024

2024 Federal Policy Priorities

Significant progress continues to be made in protecting and restoring the Great Lakes, but much more needs to be done. Although increased federal funding from the Infrastructure Investment Act these last two years has allowed states and the federal government to address some key issues, including water infrastructure and the cleanup of toxic legacy pollution, we still have too many Great Lakers experiencing polluted water. Invasive species continue to threaten the lakes, nutrient runoff continues to negatively affect our water quality, and plastic pollutes our beaches and drinking water. 

In our 2024 federal policy priorities, we’ve identified the top five opportunities for Congress and federal agencies to address these challenges. Many of these priorities are familiar and are carried over from last year when Congress made little progress on substantive legislation. For the upcoming year, Congress and the administration must address key issues. These include passing an annual federal budget to provide states with sufficient federal resources to fix our ailing water infrastructure; enacting a Farm Bill that will reduce the flow of nutrient pollution into the lakes; maintaining progress on key federal projects intended to stop invasive species; and providing funding and reauthorization for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to continue support for on-the-ground restoration projects.

Equity and justice are embedded throughout these policy priorities and must be considered at every step of the federal decision-making process to ensure that all Great Lakers have access to safe, clean, affordable water. Repairing the long-term harm from environmental injustices isn’t a one-off action and federal decision-makers must prioritize disadvantaged communities where the burden of pollution and the lack of essential services often hit the hardest. Congress and the administration must ensure that community voices are at the table – and listened to – from the beginning of all decision-making.

Read on for full details of our 2024 Great Lakes federal policy priorities, or download the fact sheet to learn more.

Water infrastructure.

Increase water infrastructure funding, prioritize funding for communities most in need   

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act passed by Congress late in 2021 was an important down payment to fix the nation’s failing and outdated water infrastructure. The funding will jump-start efforts to replace dangerous lead pipes, fix leaky pipes, and stop sewage overflows.

However, the funding is only a start. EPA’s 7 th national Drinking Water Needs Information Survey and Assessment, completed just last year, estimates that the Great Lakes region will need at least $225.2 billion over the next twenty years to fix our water infrastructure problems. This is an increase from the last national survey and indicates that federal funding is not keeping up with needs. Currently, the infrastructure bill will provide Great Lakes states with an additional $1.8 billion per year for the next five years. It is clearly not enough. We need to keep the pressure on Congress to provide additional funds for water infrastructure programs. Additionally, funding programs must be structured to ensure that money reaches communities with the highest need, such as those with many lead pipes.

In 2024, we urge Congress to:  

  • Increase annual funding to at least $9.3 billion for the Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving Funds
  • Increase by $1 billion annual funding levels for lead service line replacement and emerging contaminants
  • Set aside at least 20 percent of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund as grants for green infrastructure projects such as green roofs, permeable pavement, and additional green spaces
  • Pass a federal ban on residential water shutoffs 
  • Establish a federal program to provide financial assistance for water and sewer bills 

In 2024 we urge the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to:  

  • Require that states accepting federal funds from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 are increasing funding and technical assistance for disadvantaged communities so that they are equipped to advance through the SRF selection process 
  • Issue a final Lead and Copper Rule requiring cities to meet ambitious timelines for lead service line replacement

Download the water infrastructure fact sheet.

Agriculture.

Pass a Farm Bill that prioritizes clean water  

Agriculture is the largest unaddressed source of nonpoint pollution in the Great Lakes region. Runoff from agricultural lands puts the Great Lakes at risk. It pollutes drinking water, threatens wildlife, harms the regional economy, and prevents people from enjoying recreation on the Great Lakes. 

Every five years, Congress develops a “Farm Bill,” a major package of legislation that sets the agenda and funding for national farm and food policy. Congress passed a one-year extension of the Farm Bill in 2023, so in 2024 Congress can pass a Farm Bill that ensures farms produce clean water, not pollution, along with their crops.    

In 2024, we urge Congress to pass a Farm Bill that:  

  • Increases funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs  
  • Includes provisions to ensure accountability for farm conservation programs aimed at stopping runoff pollution from agricultural lands
  • Reduces funding for concentrated animal feeding operations 

Download the agriculture fact sheet .

Plastic pollution.

Pass legislation to stop plastic pollution   

Researchers estimate that 22 million pounds of plastic pollution enter the Great Lakes each year. Plastic pollution isn’t just an unsightly problem in our waterways. It’s estimated that humans ingest a credit card-sized amount of plastic each week, with unknown long-term consequences for our health. 

For many years, efforts to stop plastic pollution put the responsibility on the end-user, such as recycling. But only a fraction of plastic produced each year is recycled, leaving the remainder to end up in landfills or as litter that lands in our waterways. The alternative is to require plastic producers to be responsible for their products through their lifecycle, which is called extended producer responsibility. Congress has an opportunity to be a leader on this issue.  

In 2024, we urge Congress to pass legislation that:  

  • Makes plastic waste producers responsible for its reduction 
  • Reduces the federal government’s use of single-use plastics, including polystyrene foam 
  • Funds additional research on the public health impact of plastics

Download the plastic pollution fact sheet.

Invasive species.

Protect the Great Lakes from aquatic invasive species   

Invasive species have caused irreparable harm to the Great Lakes ecosystem and cost the region billions of dollars since the late 1980s. Preventing them from ever entering is the best way to protect the Great Lakes. The battle against invasive species is focused on two fronts – stopping invasive carp from entering the Great Lakes and cleaning up ship ballast tanks.  

Established populations of invasive carp are only 50 miles from Chicago and Lake Michigan. But it’s not too late to prevent them from reaching the lakes. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has proposed constructing additional carp prevention measures at the Brandon Road Lock and Dam near Joliet, Illinois. The facility is a critical choke point in the waterways leading to Lake Michigan. Congress and federal agencies must continue to support this project. 

The St. Lawrence Seaway opened the Great Lakes to direct ocean-going shipping. Unfortunately, ships brought invasive species along for the ride in their ballast tanks. Although regulations to clean up ship ballast tanks have reduced introductions, loopholes remain for “lakers,” ships operating solely in the Great Lakes. The U.S. EPA can close that loophole. 

  • Include language in the next Water Resources Development Act to authorize 100 percent federal funding for the annual operations and maintenance of the Brandon Road Interbasin Project, which is being implemented to stop invasive carp from entering the Great Lakes 

In 2024, we urge federal agencies to take the following actions:  

  • The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers should execute a Project Partnership Agreement with the State of Illinois for the Brandon Road Interbasin Project so that the project may proceed to phase 1 construction this fall and continue public participation for the project’s implementation
  • The U.S. EPA should issue final rules requiring all vessels operating on the Great Lakes, including lakers, to clean up their ballast tanks

Download the invasive species fact sheet.

Great Lakes restoration.

Fund, update, and reauthorize the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative  

The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) is one of the most important tools in the region’s toolbox to protect and restore the lakes. The program provides funding for on-the-ground restoration projects, from wetland restoration to cleaning up toxic hotspots. In addition to environmental benefits, GLRI funding garners an additional 3-to-1 return in economic benefits.  

While we need continued investment in Great Lakes restoration, the strategy guiding the GLRI was developed almost 20 years ago and needs an update. Federal agencies should revise the Great Lakes restoration strategy to address the next generation of threats to the lakes, including climate change and long-standing environmental injustices. In addition, the program’s authorization will expire in 2026, so action will be needed by Congress in the near future to reauthorize and extend the GLRI program. 

  • Fund the GLRI with at least $450 million in FY 2024
  • Reauthorize the GLRI program at $500 million per year for five years from FY 2027-2031

In 2024, we urge the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to take the following action :  

  • U.S. EPA should issue the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Action Plan IV to address environmental injustice, climate resilience, and the next generation of risks to the Great Lakes

Download the Great Lakes restoration fact sheet.

Tell Congress: Protect the Great Lakes in 2024

Too many Great Lakers experience polluted water – whether it’s lead-tainted tap water or algal blooms fouling waterways. Invasive species threaten our lakes. Plastic pollutes our beaches and drinking water.

Take Action

Green Matters

Biden Invests $1 Billion in a Major Great Lakes Cleanup

Lizzy Rosenberg - Author

Feb. 18 2022, Published 12:32 p.m. ET

Sadly, each of the U.S.' five Great Lakes are extremely polluted. In addition to effectively being a dumping ground for millions of pounds of litter annually, each of them were subjected to decades of highly pollutive industrial practices along the shores — resulting in significant amounts of toxic waste. That's precisely why environmentalists are absolutely thrilled that the U.S. government is finally investing in a Great Lakes cleanup .

That's right — the government has committed to investing $1 billion to clean up 22 Great Lakes sites nationwide. EPA Administrator Michael Regan stated, as per MLive , that this project is vital to the well-being of both humanity and the environment.

“The Great Lakes are a vital economic engine and an irreplaceable environmental wonder, supplying drinking water for more than 40 million people, supporting more than 1.3 million jobs, and sustaining life for thousands of species,” Regan stated.

Regan continued, stressing the importance of cleanups like these. “Building a better America means investing in our natural resources and the communities they support," he said.

I’m in Ohio today to discuss how the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law will deliver for the American people. We’re announcing a $1 billion investment through the law to accelerate the restoration and cleanup of the Great Lakes — securing clean water for millions of Americans. — President Biden (@POTUS) February 17, 2022

What does the Great Lakes cleanup entail?

On Thursday, Feb. 17, President Biden announced that $1 billion will be invested in cleaning up and restoring the Great Lakes. Many of them have been officially labeled Areas of Concern (AOCs) by the EPA, according to CNN, so the government created 22 target sites to clean, update the infrastructure, and more.

“It’s going to allow the most significant restoration of the Great Lakes in the history of the Great Lakes,” Biden stated while promoting the program in Lorain, Ohio.

The Great Lakes not only provide drinking water for surrounding communities — they also support jobs, tourism, transportation, and agricultural practices. And of course, they're home to many different types of wildlife . But in the last several years, the water quality has severely degraded. The Black River, which flows into Lake Eerie, has coined the unfortunate nickname "river of fish tumors" for its degrading water quality, biodiversity loss, and habitat breakdown.

“This accelerated cleanup and restoration effort will deliver environmental health and recreational benefits for communities throughout the region. It will also help revitalize the economy in these communities, like it’s doing, and Loraine’s Black River waterfront ," a senior administration official explained per CNN .

How did the Great Lakes become this polluted?

A documentary called The Great Lakes in Peril: Invasives, Pollution, and Climate Change was created by The Environment Report about the demise of the U.S.' largest bodies of freshwater (preview Segment One, above). According to Great Lakes Now, it delves into how much of the Great Lakes' biodiversity has declined , because of invasive species like zebra and quagga mussels. Agricultural and industrial pollution have also killed off species' population, which is throwing off the entire ecosystems.

Additionally, in addition to plastic pollution (which breaks down into microplastics ), the Great Lakes face quite a bit of agricultural pollution . Phosphorous runoff drains from farmland into the surrounding waterways, and pesticides are infiltrating waterways through the soil. This creates dangerous algal blooms, making both humans and animals sick.

Industrial and pharmaceutical pollution is also a huge issue, with many factory towns surrounding the Great Lakes' shores.

And of course, climate change is forever ravaging our planet's natural resources. Extreme rain has flooded many of the lakes, which not only hurts nearby communities, but it also often results in pollution. Droughts in the summer have gotten progressively worse, and temperatures have wiped out entire wildlife populations.

Needless to say, we hope to see investments in more restoration programs like these.

Green Matters’ new book, Green Living , is the perfect guide to living an eco-friendly lifestyle for people at every stage of the process. You can order Green Living here .

Here’s Which State Will Be the Least Ravaged by Climate Change by 2050

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Water pollution is a rising global crisis. Here’s what you need to know.

The world's freshwater sources receive contaminants from a wide range of sectors, threatening human and wildlife health.

From big pieces of garbage to invisible chemicals, a wide range of pollutants ends up in our planet's lakes, rivers, streams, groundwater, and eventually the oceans. Water pollution—along with drought, inefficiency, and an exploding population—has contributed to a freshwater crisis , threatening the sources we rely on for drinking water and other critical needs.

Research has revealed that one pollutant in particular is more common in our tap water than anyone had previously thought: PFAS, short for poly and perfluoroalkyl substances. PFAS is used to make everyday items resistant to moisture, heat, and stains; some of these chemicals have such long half-lives that they are known as "the forever chemical."

Safeguarding water supplies is important because even though nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is fresh. And just one percent of freshwater is easily accessible, with much of it trapped in remote glaciers and snowfields.

Water pollution causes

Water pollution can come from a variety of sources. Pollution can enter water directly, through both legal and illegal discharges from factories, for example, or imperfect water treatment plants. Spills and leaks from oil pipelines or hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations can degrade water supplies. Wind, storms, and littering—especially of plastic waste —can also send debris into waterways.

Thanks largely to decades of regulation and legal action against big polluters, the main cause of U.S. water quality problems is now " nonpoint source pollution ," when pollutants are carried across or through the ground by rain or melted snow. Such runoff can contain fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides from farms and homes; oil and toxic chemicals from roads and industry; sediment; bacteria from livestock; pet waste; and other pollutants .

Finally, drinking water pollution can happen via the pipes themselves if the water is not properly treated, as happened in the case of lead contamination in Flint, Michigan , and other towns. Another drinking water contaminant, arsenic , can come from naturally occurring deposits but also from industrial waste.

Freshwater pollution effects

Beautiful tendrils fill the now-dry Colorado River Delta in northern Mexico. So much water has been taken out of the river upstream that it rarely reaches the sea.

Water pollution can result in human health problems, poisoned wildlife, and long-term ecosystem damage. When agricultural and industrial runoff floods waterways with excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, these nutrients often fuel algae blooms that then create dead zones , or low-oxygen areas where fish and other aquatic life can no longer thrive.

Algae blooms can create health and economic effects for humans, causing rashes and other ailments, while eroding tourism revenue for popular lake destinations thanks to their unpleasant looks and odors. High levels of nitrates in water from nutrient pollution can also be particularly harmful to infants , interfering with their ability to deliver oxygen to tissues and potentially causing " blue baby syndrome ." The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 38 percent of the European Union's water bodies are under pressure from agricultural pollution.

Globally, unsanitary water supplies also exact a health toll in the form of disease. At least 2 billion people drink water from sources contaminated by feces, according to the World Health Organization , and that water may transmit dangerous diseases such as cholera and typhoid.

Freshwater pollution solutions

In many countries, regulations have restricted industry and agricultural operations from pouring pollutants into lakes, streams, and rivers, while treatment plants make our drinking water safe to consume. Researchers are working on a variety of other ways to prevent and clean up pollution. National Geographic grantee Africa Flores , for example, has created an artificial intelligence algorithm to better predict when algae blooms will happen. A number of scientists are looking at ways to reduce and cleanup plastic pollution .

There have been setbacks, however. Regulation of pollutants is subject to changing political winds, as has been the case in the United States with the loosening of environmental protections that prevented landowners from polluting the country’s waterways.

Anyone can help protect watersheds by disposing of motor oil, paints, and other toxic products properly , keeping them off pavement and out of the drain. Be careful about what you flush or pour down the sink, as it may find its way into the water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends using phosphate-free detergents and washing your car at a commercial car wash, which is required to properly dispose of wastewater. Green roofs and rain gardens can be another way for people in built environments to help restore some of the natural filtering that forests and plants usually provide.

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EPA Releases Tools to Help Reduce Nutrients in Water, Improve Public Health and Support Ecosystems

Actions highlight holistic, science-based, partnership-focused approach to improve water quality

April 29, 2021

WASHINGTON  – Today, as part of Water Week 2021, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released new tools and information that states, territories, and authorized Tribes can use to help protect people, animals, and aquatic life from harmful algal blooms and other adverse effects of nutrients in water.

“These actions underscore EPA’s commitment to science and achieving shared goals through strong partnerships with states, Tribes, and local leaders,” said EPA’s Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water Radhika Fox . “Nutrients in water represent a multifaceted challenge—underscoring the necessity of holistic, ‘one water’ strategies to make sustainable progress.”

N-STEPS Online EPA’s Nutrient Scientific Technical Exchange Partnership & Support (N-STEPS) program released a new web-based resource, N-STEPS Online , that provides technical assistance to states, territories, and authorized Tribes to help water quality scientists and managers derive numeric nutrient criteria. N-STEPS Online contains technical support documents, case studies, tools, and data sources. Through a User-Centered Design approach, N-STEPS Online better communicates the latest scientific information and technical approaches to EPA’s partners. This resource includes information from existing EPA guidance, as well as examples from state and tribal numeric nutrient criteria development experiences. N-STEPS Online was developed through a multi-year process of collaboration with state and tribal stakeholders. EPA looks forward to continuing this collaboration as science and technology advance to ensure that N-STEPS Online continues to provide the latest information and tools.

User Perception Surveys Primer EPA has also published a new resource to help states and Tribes develop scientific surveys to better protect aesthetic and recreational waterbody uses. Titled, Development of User Perception Surveys to Protect Water Quality from Nutrient Pollution: A Primer on Common Practices and Insights , states and Tribes can use this information to develop numeric nutrient criteria to adopt into their water quality standards under the Clean Water Act. The primer draws from previously conducted state user perception surveys, peer reviewed literature, and interviews with state and federal water quality professionals experienced with conducting user perception surveys. Other states, territories, and authorized Tribes can consider best practices to inform their survey design, implementation, and analysis. EPA remains committed to partnering with states, territories, and authorized Tribes to continue to track progress towards the adoption of numeric nutrient criteria into water quality standards.

Hypoxia Task Force Newsletter EPA believes that strong collaboration with key stakeholders is essential to reducing nutrients in our nation’s waters. The agency, which co-chairs the Hypoxia Task Force with the Iowa Department of Agriculture, plays an active role in supporting best practices for nutrient reduction across federal, state, and tribal members to decrease the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. Today, EPA released the latest issue of the Hypoxia Task Force quarterly newsletter , highlighting ongoing collaborative efforts within the twelve member states to reduce nutrients in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin.

Background Nutrient pollution in water present one of the country’s most widespread environmental and public health challenges. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in our waterways have steadily increased, degrading water quality, feeding harmful algal blooms, affecting drinking water sources, increasing public health risks, and contributing to costly impacts on drinking water treatment, recreation, tourism, and fisheries.

With a focus on science and partnerships, EPA is pursuing a “one-water” strategy to reduce nutrient pollution in our nation’s waters, including working alongside the agricultural and industrial sectors, and providing technical assistance to states, territories, and authorized Tribes to help them protect the designated uses of their water bodies. EPA continues to advocate the development of numeric nutrient criteria, which provide measurable water quality-based goals that are easier to implement than the narrative criteria statements in many state water quality standards.

The Katy News

Ways to Protect the Ponds and Lakes from Pollution

Inland freshwater bodies containing living creatures are ponds or lakes. Both of these water bodies are similar in some ways but different in many ways. The depth and land area are the essential factors determining whether the water body is a pond or a lake.

Lakes are much deeper than the ponds and don’t allow sunlight to reach the bottom, thus prevents aquatic plants from growing. Whereas ponds are shallow, allow sunlight to reach the bottom, and have smaller waves than lakes. Another factor that differentiates the lake from the pond is the temperature of the water. Ponds’ water has a uniform temperature, and lakes’ water depends on depth.

But here in this article, we address the most important issue, ponds and lakes protection from pollution. If you have a pond or lake on your property, it becomes your responsibility to take every possible care of your water body.

Tips to Take Care of Lakes and Ponds

As rain makes your lawn look fresh and green, it also makes ponds and lakes’ surfaces green. Ponds and lakes sometimes are covered with green vegetation and prevent sunlight from reaching in water. It reduces the oxygen level in the water and harms aquatic life.

To clean the water body with chemicals is also harmful. Chemicals harm the ponds or lakes and penetrate the local groundwater and affect other still water bodies.

But, the question is how we can protect the lakes and ponds from pollution? Let us discuss…

1.    Water Test

To take care of your pond or lake, you have to take responsibility and do some measurements. The first measurement is the water quality test. Because unhealthy water is harmful to not only water creatures but also to you. Ponds are meant to enjoy swimming and fishing. Suppose the water is unhealthy; it causes animals and humans illness. Excessive algae and plants grow because of bad water quality.

2.    Rain Garden

Plant a rain garden on your property and save the still water from pollution. House cleaning agents, car washing chemicals from your driveway, and other harmful chemicals flow with rainwater. If you directly allow rainwater to go in ponds and lakes, it pollutes the water and harms water life. But, if you plant a rain garden, the plants will soak up the water, filter it, and make it reusable.

3.    Stop Using chemicals  

The use of chemical fertilizers has been increased and affecting the ponds and lakes. Instead of using chemicals, use natural fertilizers to grow grass in your lawns because the chemicals in your lawns mix with rainwater and harm the water bodies.

Also, it is necessary not to use chemicals like shampoo or soap when you are swimming. The chemicals in these products also make the water harmful for humans and fish.

4.    Install Fountains

Small fountains in lakes and ponds keep water movement and prevent stagnation. Fountains play a vital role in stopping the green bodies from forming. And can make a huge difference for the water life. Small fountain with lights also adds beauty to your property.

5.    Identify the Problem

Identifying the problem early is the most important thing to keep your pond clean and save from water pollution. So that the necessary steps can be taken at early stages before it causes serious issues to the pond’s health.

6.    Manage Aquatic Plants

Most importantly, manage aquatic plants properly to get healthy water. Surveys have found that the 40% of ponds owners routinely attempt to clean and manage the aquatic plants. But the same surveys have shown that they often make critical mistakes that often harm the water. They usually think that any kind of aquatic plant or algae is bad for water health. But that’s not true; many plants are beneficial and even necessary for the water ecosystem.

7.    Remove Lake Weeds and Muck

Lake weeds and muck suck, make the ponds and lake completely unsightly. You can’t enjoy swimming and fishing when there are weeds and muck in ponds or lakes. Not only it’s you dislike the weeds and muck, but also the aquatic life hates these. Now, the question is how to reduce the lake weeds and muck?

There are different tips and tricks you can use to get rid of it. Proper care of your pond is necessary, and if the weeds and muck are formed, you can use different cleaning equipment to clean your lake.

8.    Keep Animals Away

To keep the pond and lake water clean, install an animal harness. Direct access of animals to water can also harm the water quality as animals carry pollutants with them. Moreover, their waste is also harmful to life underwater.

Healthy ponds and lakes are necessary to enjoy swimming and fishing. O keep your ponds and lake water healthy, you have to take the responsibility to clean it to enjoy it. Here we have discussed some of the tips to keep the ponds and lakes healthy and lovely.

Inside the race to grasp the fate of the Colorado River

For decades, officials have tried to predict the river’s future flows. now they’re hoping innovative, web-based tools will help salvage the lifeline it provides..

how to prevent water pollution in lakes

BOULDER, Colo. — To ensure that the Colorado River can remain a lifeline for 40 million people, the federal government is looking for answers in the extremes of the distant past and the warnings of a hotter future.

In a low-slung building at the University of Colorado at Boulder, a group of engineers and scientists have developed a cutting-edge approach to help negotiators fashion the next major deal to divvy up the dwindling river for decades to come.

Despite significant rainfall in recent months, Lake Mead could return to near-historic lows by 2025. As the Bureau of Reclamation looks to reach a deal by the end of the year — before a potential change in administration — the agency is, for the first time, putting climate change at the center of how it’s planning the future.

Those who rely on the river are now testing water-sharing strategies with the agency’s new web-based tool that harnesses more than 8,000 possible futures of the river to see how policies stand up against the wild swings and uncertainties brought on by the warming climate.

“We ultimately get a very wide range of conditions that could happen under climate change,” Rebecca Smith, a Reclamation official, said during a November seminar. “And scientists don’t expect that to be narrowing anytime soon.”

The force driving this innovation is a chilling one: Policymakers’ recognition that the way they’ve forecast the river’s future no longer works.

By relying on records of the river’s flow over the last century, the federal government and western states repeatedly underestimated the drought and failed to keep major reservoirs from nearing dangerous levels that could threaten the water supply for millions of people. Over the years, Reclamation has looked to climate science to solve the real world problem of a shrinking Colorado River, according to river experts and people involved in the effort. Even so, the deals struck with states over the past two decades to cope with the drought did not incorporate climate change models into the simulations of the river used to set long-term policy.

This is changing now. Reclamation’s new approach will test policies against a future informed by climate models that project warming to continue, as well as tree ring records of ancient droughts far worse than anything in the recent past — incorporating a much wider range of possible river flows than available in the recent historical record.

“We’re teetering right on the edge here of being able to say, yep, climate change models are a part of our decision-making,” said Terry Fulp, who spent three decades with Reclamation, including eight years as the Lower Colorado River Basin regional director until retiring in 2020. “It’s been a long time coming.”

To do this, a wonky band of government officials and academics are diving into a new world of unpredictability.

Their approach is called “decision-making under deep uncertainty” and it throws out the notion that anyone can predict what the future flow of the river might be — a strategy that led to Reclamation being in a “crisis management mode,” said one official not authorized to speak publicly.

The most recent crisis eased about a year ago. The nation’s second-largest reservoir, Lake Powell, nearly dropped to the point where its hydroelectric dam could no longer produce power. It was saved by an unusually wet winter — and a short-term deal with states to conserve water in exchange for billions in federal money. But scientists warn that renewed drought could quickly threaten the region again.

“Last year was maybe the anomaly,” said Tom Buschatzke, director of the Arizona Department of Water Resources.

Rethinking past assumptions

When Fulp joined Reclamation in 1989, the future of the Colorado River was planned on a single computer in a suburban Denver office building.

The lumbering mainframe at the Lakewood office took up an entire room and slowly churned out rows of numbers on perforated paper — a simulation of how the most important river in the West would be distributed among its dozen major reservoirs for years into the future.

The only people who could use this model — known as the Colorado River Simulation System, or CRSS, were federal government water managers such as Fulp. And to make tweaks required rewriting its code in the now-archaic computer language called Fortran. It was, Fulp recalled, “really cumbersome.”

In the early 1990s, Fulp teamed up with academics at UC Boulder’s Center for Advanced Decision Support for Water and Environmental Systems to develop software known as RiverWare and a version of the CRSS model that could be used by others reliant on the river, from states and cities to farmers and tribes.

In the Colorado River basin, the states were competing more for water; new federal environmental laws required comparing alternatives before making resource decisions; and many distrusted the federal government.

“They all hated Reclamation,” recalled Edith Zagona, a former Reclamation official who directs the UC Boulder Center. “We had to prove to them that this newfangled software could work. They didn’t want anyone pulling a fast one on them.”

Over the years, the software and the models running on it became a fundamental tool for settling disputes, avoiding litigation among rival parties and reaching agreements on how the water could be stored and distributed. It’s used on several major rivers in the United States, including the Columbia River and the Rio Grande.

The CRSS model simulates the flow of water through canals, pipelines and reservoirs as the Colorado traverses 1,450 miles, seven states and two countries — from the snow-capped peaks of the Rocky Mountains to the Sea of Cortez. Programmed into it are the rules that govern who gets priority access to that water — the complex web of regulations, statutes, treaties and court cases that date back more than a century, known as the Law of the River.

It can reveal how changes in water supply, demand or the policy environment will impact issues including reservoir levels, hydropower production, flood control or protecting the endangered fish that swim through the Grand Canyon.

To run it, water managers must estimate the streamflow entering the river system. Since the model was first developed, they’ve based this on what had been observed on the Colorado River dating back to 1906.

Scientists knew this period included very wet years in the 1920s, when the western water sharing deal was forged, and in the 1980s, when Lake Powell almost overflowed the Glen Canyon Dam. But the 20th century record was seen as the best way to understand what the river was capable of doing.

“It was almost universal in water planning: the assumption that the future would look like the past,” said Jeff Lukas, a climatologist and Colorado River researcher.

But after the drought started in 1999 — and Lake Mead and Lake Powell commenced their long decline — there were growing doubts about the usefulness of the 20th century record. One major warning came in the form of tree rings.

The rings inside logs, stumps and standing dead trees told a much older story of how much water was available in the Colorado River basin. Researchers in 2007 created a record that dated back to 762 A.D. that revealed punishing Medieval droughts, including a 62-year dry stretch in the 1100s that produced streamflows lower than anything in the 20th century.

With levels at Lake Mead and Lake Powell dropping from nearly full, in 2000, to about half full five years later, Reclamation and the states negotiated an agreement over how to operate the reservoirs as they declined — and how shortages would be divvied up.

In 2007, the modeling predicted a zero percent chance that Lake Powell’s elevation would fall to the point that it couldn’t help produce power by 2026. Last year, states struck an emergency deal to make unprecedented cuts in water use to avoid that very fate.

Charting the river’s future

In 2012, after a decade of drought, Reclamation published a major study assessing the health of the Colorado River and what the warming climate would mean for its future.

It wasn’t a simple answer. The leading global climate models needed to be adapted to the Colorado River region — where topography in the Rocky Mountains varied widely — then combined with other models to estimate stream flows. While the results consistently projected higher temperatures for the region, with less snowpack in the Rockies and more frequent droughts, it was — and remains — less clear how much rain and snow would fall each year.

“The precipitation part of climate model output is not good,” said Brad Udall, a water and climate scientist at Colorado State University. “It still continues to have problems, especially on a regional basis, getting things right.”

A Rand Corp. scientist named David Groves, who had been hired to help on the 2012 study, saw this uncertainty as an opportunity to rethink how river modeling was done. Instead of trying to make possibly incorrect predictions about what the Colorado River would look like in the future, he and his colleagues advocated to test different river management strategies against thousands of possible futures of the river derived from a wide range of sources — the tree ring record, climate models, the historical record — to see how well they held up.

At the time, such intensive computer modeling was slow. In November 2014, Groves convened a group of Colorado River stakeholders at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California to show how the lab’s supercomputers could accelerate the process. He tested policies against 12,000 river scenarios — something that would normally take six weeks.

“While we fed them lunch, we ran the supercomputer and it did the whole analysis in an hour,” Groves said.

Back then, he said, there were plenty of ominous possible outcomes in his analysis, including that Lake Mead would disappear if consumption patterns continued.

“People saw it and it worried them,” Groves recalled. “But even if someone says this is what could happen, you can still say, ‘Well, that’s far off.’”

By the fall of 2022, Lake Mead and Lake Powell were just a quarter full. And Reclamation was predicting a more than 50 percent chance these lakes would drop below critical thresholds without further action, although forecasts are now less dire.

Trying to avoid disaster

The new web tool, built by Virga Labs, a water consulting firm, in partnership with Zagona’s center and Reclamation, is the culmination of years of work on the science of “decision-making under deep uncertainty.” It uses cloud-computing to run the CRSS model in thousands of variations in ways that haven’t been possible in the past, said Virga Labs chief executive Season Martin.

But the tool also represents a more fundamental change in how Reclamation looks at the problem of a dwindling Colorado River. Instead of trying to assign probabilities about future risk, the agency aims to test different ways to manage the river against the widest possible range of river scenarios — and see what works best to avoid disaster.

“We want to know that things are going to be okay even in really challenging conditions,” Smith, the Reclamation official, said in November.

Buschatzke, Arizona’s top water official, called the new modeling tool a “very positive step forward,” because it allows people or entities without the technical expertise to explore changes in river management. But he expects his agency to continue to run numbers and test strategies the old way, as well.

“We’ve spent enough time and effort learning how to do it,” he said.

Reclamation said it will also use other analytical methods it has relied on in the past as it assesses the proposals that states are expected to present in March on how to share a river stressed by climate change.

Not everyone is confident this new approach will deliver better results — or keep reservoirs from running dry in the future.

Udall, the Colorado State University scientist, said sophisticated new tools may give the illusion of being able to find a safe path forward for a river whose natural flow is down 20 percent in the past two decades. Simply cutting the amount of water states can take by a big amount may be wiser, he said.

“I think we get too clever by half with all this technology,” he said. “I think you can make this process a whole lot simpler. Which is we need to plan for a lot lower flows, and let’s not hide behind or obscure some of these tough details with really complicated models.”

how to prevent water pollution in lakes

Ciarán Breen rows across Lough Neagh.

‘Like the flip of a switch, it’s gone’: has the ecosystem of the UK’s largest lake collapsed?

Lough Neagh’s flies were seen as a nuisance. Now their sudden disappearance is a startling omen for a lake that supplies 40% of Northern Ireland’s water

  • Photographs by Alexander Turner

D eclan Coney, a former eel fisher, knew there was something wrong when the famed swarms of Lough Neagh flies failed to materialise. In past years, they would appear around the Northern Irish lake in thick plumes and “wisps” – sometimes prompting mistaken alarm of a fire incident, Lough Shore residents say.

Clothes left out on a washing line “would be covered in them”, Coney says. So would any windshield on a vehicle travelling around the lough’s 90-mile shoreline. Conservationists marvelled at their courtship dances, hovering above treetops.

Last spring the flies never arrived. “This is the first year ever that, if you walked up to the Cross of Ardboe or the area around there, you’d find there’s no flies,” Coney says.

Declan Coney, a former fisher, monitors birds on Lough Neagh from the monastery at the Cross of Ardboe. He feeds back the data to the British Trust for Ornithology.

Former eel fisher, now lake monitor, Declan Coney: ‘This is the first year ever that you’d find there’s no flies here’

The flies were long considered a nuisance. Now, however, alarm is growing. “People have really been scared,” he says, by the rate of accelerated change to the lough’s ecology that their absence signals. “It’s just happened. Like the flip of a switch, it’s gone.”

“Lough Neagh fly” can refer to various non-biting midges, but these crucial insects support fish and wildfowl that are endemic to the lough system, as well as frogs and predatory insects. The loss of these keystone species, alongside sharp reductions of others, the spread of invasive species like zebra mussels, and a long-term deterioration in water quality, indicates deep trouble across the lough’s entire ecology. It also raises the prospect that this shallow body of water and its surrounding wetlands may have shifted beyond a state of decline into cascading ecosystem collapse.

Roger Lively from the Lough Neagh Boating Heritage Association rows with daughter Rachel.

Roger Lively from the Lough Neagh Boating Heritage Association rows with his daughter Rachel

A view of Lough Neagh from the old monastery at the Cross of Ardboe.

Views of Lough Neagh from the old monastery at the Cross of Ardboe

Lough Neagh – the largest freshwater lake in the UK – supplies more than 40% of Northern Ireland’s drinking water, and hosts the largest wild eel fishery in Europe. It is considered a cultural and archaeological “jewel” that reaches “ way back ” into the very beginning of shared memory on the island.

Last summer, a vast “bloom” of blue-green algae – a thick, photosynthesising blanket that deprives the lake of oxygen, choking aquatic life – brought the lough’s accelerating biodiversity crisis into sharp focus. It prompted considerable public outcry and is expected to return in “more severe” form this coming summer.

The toxic algal growth – described by local people as appearing like something otherworldly due to its brilliant green or blue appearance – has since disappeared from the surface of the lough, but remains visibly suspended just underneath.

Toxic algae bloom devastates UK's largest freshwater lake – video

The problems have been exacerbated by the paralysis of Northern Ireland’s power-sharing institutions, which have been dormant for 40% of the period since they were formed by the Good Friday agreement, including almost all of the past two years. Members of the devolved assembly only began debating the management of the lough last week. As the politicians gathered, new reports emerged of a thick, pale scum appearing on the lough’s waterways.

F rom the mouth of the River Blackwater, Ciarán Breen rows out on to Lough Neagh. Breen has spent about three decades working on this body of water. His vessel is a cot , a small wooden boat he helped to build by the shores of Maghery, a village near Portadown on the lough’s southern end.

Breen pauses to take stock of the losses he has witnessed since he began work here as a wildlife ranger in 1986.

“In the winter, we did an annual wildfowl count – a colleague and I did this particular section,” he says, gesturing towards an area of several square kilometres between Coney Island and Kells Point.

Ciarán Breen on the shores of Lough Neagh.

Wildlife ranger Ciarán Breen: ‘There’s been a catastrophic collapse in duck numbers from when I started’

“We got about 50,000-60,000 diving ducks. So many that people – our bosses, I mean – came out of Belfast to take a look for themselves, since they didn’t believe us at first.”

These fleets of pochard, scaup and goldeneye made Lough Neagh an internationally significant site for overwintering birds in the 1980s. In the years since, their numbers have plummeted. A 2013 study found that the number of these winter migratory birds at the lough had dropped nearly 80% in a decade – from 100,000 to fewer than 21,000.

“We’re looking out there – at the same spot – now,” Breen says. “There’s a wee flock of coot and no ducks. None. So there’s been a catastrophic collapse in duck numbers from when I started.”

Overwintering whooper swans from Iceland used to arrive as December approached. “For many years, they would herald the winter coming in,” says Tom McElhone, who lives near a disused freshwater laboratory at Traád Point on the lough’s north-western shore – its last major research facility, which closed in the early 2000s.

Ducks along the shoreline

Ducks along the shoreline are now at risk

Mussel warning signs at Ballyronan marina

Mussel warning signs at Ballyronan marina

The invasive zebra mussel.

‘That’s the bastard,’ says Tom McElhone as he holds an invasive zebra mussel

“I remember lying in bed and hearing these swans calling out to each other, up and down the lough, having this magnificent conversation at all hours of the night. That’s all gone.”

Even when they move away from it, Lough Neagh courses through the veins of those like Coney, raised on its south-western shores, who have worked the water or resided within one of its many tight-knit local communities.

The 53-year-old believes, however, that many of the social ties and customs that helped fuse together these shoreline villages, parishes and townlands have unravelled during his lifetime, mirroring a progressive decline of the lough’s central fishing industry.

As the number of boats fishing the waters has dwindled – from more than 200 in the 1980s to a few dozen today – so too, he says, have the summer fairs and “lough shore tug of wars”, the ad-hoc music sessions, hyperlocal vernacular – even residents’ familiarity with the water body itself.

“The local knowledge is not there any more,” he says. “And that sense of togetherness along the lough shore is just gone.”

Tom McElhone

Tom McElhone: ‘I remember lying in bed and hearing these swans calling out to each other. That’s all gone’

A long the walls of the Toome Canal, at the north-western tip of Lough Neagh, chalk-like bright blue residue from the algal blooms was visible for weeks after the thick sludge of surface algae had disappeared from sight. Warning signs have remained in place at sites such as Ballyronan throughout the Christmas holidays and into early 2024.

The algal growths have robbed people not only of this year’s summer craic – families around the lough, say – but also of something calming, restorative, even “healing”.

And they have also prompted a belated “awakening” to the lough’s plight, in the words of the lough shore resident and former MP for Mid-Ulster, Bernadette McAliskey (nee Devlin).

She and other veteran civil rights leaders – who took up the cause of the area’s disfranchised fishers in the 1960s – have been speaking up for the lough once again .

Addressing a rain-drenched demonstration by the same canal in late November, just a stone’s throw from the eel fishery’s headquarters, McAliskey cited talks to bring the lough into a community co-operative trust nearly a decade ago. It was one of a number of lost opportunities for public ownership over the past 50 years.

“Our evidence was [that] people look after what belongs to them,” she said.

Lough Neagh’s surrounding wetlands

Lough Neagh’s surrounding wetlands are also under threat

O wnership of Lough Neagh has a long and contentious history. The aristocratic Shaftesbury family has claimed the lough’s bed, banks and soil since the 19th century, having been given the asset by the Chichester family, whose territorial claim dates back to the Plantation of Ulster in the early 1600s.

The lough’s fishing communities were once bound together by a history of struggle in defending public rights to fish the lough that, in the words of House of Lords judges at a key 1911 appeal case , had been exercised “from time immemorial”. But now, Coney says, many have become despondent due to mismanagement of the water body, and a “lack of industry support” or apparent outside interest.

Declan Coney looks at nets he would have used to catch eels when h​e still fished the lough.

Declan Coney looks at nets he would have used to catch eels when h​e still fished the lough

Those who fish for the increasingly emaciated, scattered eels only managed three weeks last season, which would usually run from May to late October.

The lough’s ecological and economic decline is now playing out amid fragmented management structures, and a lack of key scientific data – ecological “baselines”.

Local communities fear that the lough may be sold on to a new private owner – a prospect the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury has not ruled out publicly. Among many, there is a profound lack of trust or confidence in management and governing bodies.

“The priority has to be sustaining the life of the lough,” McAliskey told the Toome rally. “Because if we sustain the life of Lough Neagh together, Lough Neagh will sustain the rest of us. So long as we work in harmony with her, there is a living [here] for everybody.

“This whole lough could be an income generator that keeps all of our young people from emigrating to the cities and emigrating out of the country. We could have a really good life around this lough, while supporting the rest of the ecology.”

But Breen, who has also worked in government, is less optimistic.

“They’re hoping this will blow over, now the algae’s disappeared from sight”, he says of decision-makers and government, “and that it’ll be back to business as usual.”

A boat once owned by Declan Coney’s family has fallen into disrepair.

A boat once owned by Declan Coney’s family has fallen into disrepair. ‘To see it in this state breaks my heart,’ he says

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Agriculture, environmental leaders urge continued collective action on nutrient pollution prevention

USDA NRCS Chief Terry Cosby stands at a podium speaking to a crowd

 URBANA, Ill. — Nutrient pollution in Illinois waterways is complicated. The nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus leah into lakes, rivers, and streams from a wide variety of sources. So, both the solutions to reducing nutrient loss and those involved in developing and putting those practices into place must be equally diverse. 

Once a year, industry professionals, scientists, conservationists, and members of the public from across Illinois and the Midwest gather to discuss the work being done to reduce nutrient pollution to the state’s waterways and downstream. More than 200 people gathered online and in person for the Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy, NLRS, annual Partnership Conference on Jan. 25 to explore updates to the strategy and discuss future developments. University of Illinois Extension hosted the event in partnership with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the Illinois Department of Agriculture.  

The Illinois NLRS was established in 2015 and is designed to reduce nutrient pollution and its negative impacts by exploring and recommending practical, research-based nutrient loss practices and management approaches through cross-industry collaborations. Nutrient pollution promotes algal growth and impairs local ecosystems, making water unsuitable for drinking, recreation, fishing, and aquatic life. Excess nutrients also contribute to the “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, where aquatic life struggles to survive due to low oxygen levels.  

Reinforcing the importance of reducing nutrients was the attendance of leaders from several state and federal government agencies, including USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Chief Terry Cosby, IDOA Director Jerry Costello II, Illinois EPA Director John J. Kim, and NRCS Illinois State Conservationist Tammy Willis. 

A consistent point of conversation at the event was the need to continue to build partnerships and collaborations to reach the strategy’s goals of a 45% reduction in both nitrogen and total phosphorus loads, with interim targets set at a 15% nitrate-nitrogen decrease and a 25% total phosphorus decrease by 2025.  

“Every voice needs to be heard, and it will take all of us to get the job done,” said Chief Cosby in his opening remarks. He added that not every farm needs to do every practice, but every farm needs to do something. 

Despite the ongoing implementation of nutrient loss reduction practices by each source sector, challenges remain. A variety of factors contribute to rising nutrient loads, including increased streamflow, residual nutrients from years past, a wide range of human activities, climate change’s impact on water dynamics, and some unidentified sources.   

Costello pointed to the point-source sector’s recent achievements in reducing phosphorus loss and acknowledged that the pace and scale of the adoption of non-point sector land management practices that reduce nutrient loss needed to increase. He noted that the IDOA’s Fall Covers for Spring Savings cover crop program met its acreage enrollment cap in a matter of hours.  

“What that expresses is the commitment by farmers in Illinois for this program,” Costello said, adding that IDOA is committed to a unified approach to nutrient loss reduction.  

Chief Cosby also discussed the cost-share programs that help farmers and landowners implement management practices that reduce nutrient loss. Chief Cosby noted that the programs face challenges such as a large backlog of applicants and staffing shortages but also hinted at increasing funding opportunities. In mid-February, the federal government announced it made record investments in private land conservation in 2023 .  

Later in the program, the discussion turned toward future developments. Other Midwestern states have moved toward providing nutrient loss updates using a publicly available digital dashboard, and the idea of doing something similar in Illinois was presented and discussed briefly. NLRS stakeholders and working groups will continue discussing this idea.  

Illinois EPA Director John J. Kim concluded the conference by reinforcing that stakeholders need to remain committed to reducing nutrient loss to see progress on the goals. “There is not going to be any one fit or approach that is going to take care of this,” Director Kim said.  

The most recent update to the strategy, the 2023 NLRS Biennial Report, and an executive summary are available at  go.illinois.edu/NLRS . 

Explore more about where nutrient pollution comes from and strategies to reduce nutrient loss at the Extension Nutrient Loss Reduction website , and learn more about the Illinois strategy at go.illinois.edu/NLRS . 

For media interviews, contact Dolan Klein at  [email protected]  or (217) 333-7958.

Illinois Extension leads public outreach for University of Illinois by translating research into action plans that allow Illinois families, businesses, and community leaders to solve problems, make informed decisions, and adapt to changes and opportunities. Illinois Extension is part of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences.

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  24. Inside the race to grasp the fate of the Colorado River

    Those who rely on the river are now testing water-sharing strategies with the agency's new web-based tool that harnesses more than 8,000 possible futures of the river to see how policies stand ...

  25. 'Like the flip of a switch, it's gone': has the ecosystem of the UK's

    Lough Neagh - the largest freshwater lake in the UK - supplies more than 40% of Northern Ireland's drinking water, and hosts the largest wild eel fishery in Europe. It is considered a ...

  26. Pollution Driving Water Scarcity Hotspots In North America ...

    An extra 3 billion people will have a scarcity of clean water by 2050 due to pollution in waterways, scientists predict. ... Better nutrient management and sewage control could help reduce ...

  27. Agriculture, environmental leaders urge continued collective action on

    URBANA, Ill. — Nutrient pollution in Illinois waterways is complicated. The nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus leah into lakes, rivers, and streams from a wide variety of sources. So, both the solutions to reducing nutrient loss and those involved in developing and putting those practices into place must be equally diverse.