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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Important Case Study Based Questions 2023: Read and Solve for Tomorrow's Exam
Psychology important case study questions for cbse class 12: practice important psychology case study-based questions for cbse class 12. these questions are important for the upcoming cbse class 12 psychology board exam 2023..
CBSE Class 12 Psychology Exam 2023: Hello students! kudos to the efforts you put into tackling your 2023 board examinations. We understand that the last few weeks were tremendously tiring, both mentally and physically. Don’t worry, take a deep breath and relax as this is the final phase of your CBSE examination 2023. The class 12 Psychology exam is the last in the lane. Its paper code is 037. The exam is planned for 05th April 2023, that is, tomorrow. The exam will be for 3 hours scheduled between 10.30 AM to 01.30 PM. We believe you have already solved the sample question and previous year papers for Class 12 Psychology and must be aware of the exam pattern. If not, please refer to the links below.
- CBSE Class 12 Psychology Previous Year Question Papers: Download pdf
- CBSE Board Class 12 Psychology Sample Paper 2022-23 in PDF
CBSE Class 12 Psychology, Important Case Study-Based Questions:
Case 1: .
Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow:
Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from his home town to live in a big city. He has continuous fear of insecurity and feels that enemy soldiers are following him. He gets very tense when he spots anyone in a uniform and feels that they are coming to catch him. This intense anxiety is interfering with his work and relationship, and his friends are extremely concerned as it does not make any sense to them. Sundar occasionally laughs abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence, scanning off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses concern about the television and radio in the room potentially being monitored by the enemies. His beliefs are fixed and if they are challenged, his tone becomes hostile.
Q1. Based on the symptoms being exhibited, identify the disorder. Explain the other symptoms that can be seen in this disorder.
Q2. Define delusion and inappropriate affect. Support it with the symptoms given in the above case study.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Alfred Binet, in 1905, was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, and attention skills related to problem-solving. Using these questions, Binet determined which were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success.
Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a certain age group. This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time, and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds.
Q1 . Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features.
Q2 . ‘Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa’. Why do individuals differ in intelligence? Using examples, give reasons for your answer.
Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow :
All the Indian settlers were contemptuously and without distinction dubbed “coolies” and forbidden to walk on footpaths or be out at night without permits.
Mahatma Gandhi quickly discovered colour discrimination in South Africa and confronted the realisation that being Indian subjected him to it as well. At a particular train station, railway employees ordered him out of the carriage despite his possessing a first-class ticket. Then on the stagecoach for the next leg of his journey, the coachman, who was white, boxed his ears. A Johannesburg hotel also barred him from lodging there. Indians were commonly forbidden to own land in Natal, while ownership was more permissible for native-born people.
In 1894, the Natal Bar Association tried to reject Gandhi on the basis of race. He was nearly lynched in 1897 upon returning from India while disembarking from a ship moored at Durban after he, his family, and 600 other Indians had been forcibly quarantined, allegedly due to medical fears that they carried plague germs.
Q1. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination ? On the
basis of the incidents in the above case study, identify a situation for each
which are examples of prejudice and discrimination.
Q2. What do you think could have been a source of these prejudices ? Explain
any two sources.
Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Harish belonged to a family of four children, him being the eldest. Unlike any first born, he was not given the attention he should have had. His father worked as an accountant, while his mother stayed at home to look after the kids. He dropped out of school and could barely manage to get work for a little salary.
His relationship with his family played an important role in building his disposition. He felt a certain feeling of insecurity with his siblings, especially his brother Tarun, who was able to finish college because of parental support.
Due to the hopelessness Harish felt, he started engaging in drinking alcohol with his high school friends. Parental negligence caused emotional turmoil. He also had insomnia which he used as a reason for drinking every night.
Over time, Harish had to drink more to feel the effects of the alcohol. He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit.
In such a case, the school would be the ideal setting for early identification and intervention. In addition, his connection to school would be one of the most significant protective factors for substance abuse. His school implemented a variety of early intervention strategies which did not help him as he was irregular and soon left school. Some protective factors in school would be the ability to genuinely experience positive emotions through good communication.
(i)It has been found that certain family systems are likely to produce abnormal functioning in individual members.
In the light of the above statement, the factors underlying Harish's condition can be related to model.
(A) Humanistic
(B) Behavioural
(C) Socio-cultural
(D) Psychodynamic
(ii) Over time, Harish needed to drink more before he could feel the effects of the alcohol. This means that he built a alcohol. towards the
(A) Withdrawal
(B) Tolerance
(C) Stress inoculation
(D) All of the above
(iii)He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit. This refers to
(A) Low willpower symptoms.
(B) Addiction symptoms
(C) Withdrawal symptoms
(D) Tolerance symptoms
(iv) Which of the following is not true about substance related and addictive disorders?
(A) Alcoholism unites millions of families through social interactions and get-togethers.
(B) Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents.
(C) It also has serious effects on the children of persons with this disorder.
(D) Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health.
Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Monty was only 16 years when he dealt with mixed emotions for every couple of months. He shares that sometimes he felt like he was on top of the world and that nobody could stop him. He would be extremely confident. Once these feelings subsided, he would become depressed and lock himself in the room. He would neither open the door for anyone nor come out.
He shares, "My grades were dropping as I started to breathe rapidly and worry about almost everything under the sun. I felt nervous, restless and tense, with an increased heart rate. My family tried to help but I wasn't ready to accept." His father took him to the doctor, who diagnosed him. Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. How can one differentiate that from a disorder? Watch out when one is hopeless and feels helpless. Or, when one is not able to control the powerful emotions. It has to be confirmed by a medical practitioner.
During his sessions, Monty tries to clear many myths. He gives his perspective of what he experienced and the treatment challenges. "When I was going through it, I wish I had met someone with similar experiences so that I could have talked to her/him and understood why I was behaving the way I was. By talking openly, I hope to help someone to cope with it and believe that it is going to be fine one day."
Now, for the last five years Monty has been off medication and he is leading a regular life. Society is opening up to address mental health issues in a positive way, but it always helps to listen to someone who has been through it.
(i)Monty's symptoms are likely to be those of
(A) ADHD and anxiety disorder
(B) Bipolar disorder and generalised anxiety disorder
(C) Generalised anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
(D) Schizophrenia
(ii) During his sessions, Monty tried to clear many myths. Which one of the following is a myth?
(A) Normality is the same as conformity to social norms.
(B) Adaptive behaviour is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment.
(C) People are hesitant to consult a doctor or a psychologist because they are ashamed of their problems.
(D) Genetic and biochemical factors are involved in causing mental disorders.
(iii) With an understanding of Monty's condition, which of the following is a likely symptom he may also be experiencing?
(A) Frequent washing of hands
(B) Assuming alternate personalities
(C) Persistent body related symptoms, which may or may not be related to any serious medical condition
(D) Prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object
(iv) Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. The disorder manifested in the early stage of development is classified as,
(A) Feeding and eating disorder
(B) Trauma and stressor related disorder
(C) Neurodevelopmental disorder
(D) Somatic symptom disorder
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- On what day CBSE Class 12 Psychology 2023 exam is? + As per the official schedule, the CBSE class 12 psychology exam will be conducted on 05th April 2023. It would a Wednesday.
- Is it important to solve case study questions for CBSE Class 12 Psychology exam? + Yes, as per the updates made by the CBSE Board in the past few years, the psychology paper now carries case study questions. It is of 4 marks with multiple subparts. Thus, students are advised to practice case-based questions to score fully in this section.
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Exam 2023 : Important Case Study Based Questions with Solutions
SHARING IS CARING If our Website helped you a little, then kindly spread our voice using Social Networks. Spread our word to your readers, friends, teachers, students & all those close ones who deserve to know what you know now.
The exam is planned for 05th April 2023, that is, tomorrow. The exam will be for 3 hours scheduled between 10.30 AM to 01.30 PM.
As you know the tail segment of the paper comprises case study-based questions that require deep thinking and an eye for details. To help you with that, we have added important case study-based questions for your practice. Keep up with this post for the questions.
Case 1:
Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow:
Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from his home town to live in a big city. He has continuous fear of insecurity and feels that enemy soldiers are following him. He gets very tense when he spots anyone in a uniform and feels that they are coming to catch him. This intense anxiety is interfering with his work and relationship, and his friends are extremely concerned as it does not make any sense to them. Sundar occasionally laughs abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence, scanning off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses concern about the television and radio in the room potentially being monitored by the enemies. His beliefs are fixed and if they are challenged, his tone becomes hostile.
Q1. Based on the symptoms being exhibited, identify the disorder. Explain the other symptoms that can be seen in this disorder.
Q2. Define delusion and inappropriate affect. Support it with the symptoms given in the above case study.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Alfred Binet, in 1905, was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, and attention skills related to problem-solving. Using these questions, Binet determined which were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success.
Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a certain age group. This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time, and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds.
Q1 . Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features.
Q2 . ‘Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa’. Why do individuals differ in intelligence? Using examples, give reasons for your answer.
Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow :
All the Indian settlers were contemptuously and without distinction dubbed “coolies” and forbidden to walk on footpaths or be out at night without permits.
Mahatma Gandhi quickly discovered colour discrimination in South Africa and confronted the realisation that being Indian subjected him to it as well. At a particular train station, railway employees ordered him out of the carriage despite his possessing a first-class ticket. Then on the stagecoach for the next leg of his journey, the coachman, who was white, boxed his ears. A Johannesburg hotel also barred him from lodging there. Indians were commonly forbidden to own land in Natal, while ownership was more permissible for native-born people.
In 1894, the Natal Bar Association tried to reject Gandhi on the basis of race. He was nearly lynched in 1897 upon returning from India while disembarking from a ship moored at Durban after he, his family, and 600 other Indians had been forcibly quarantined, allegedly due to medical fears that they carried plague germs.
Q1. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination ? On the
basis of the incidents in the above case study, identify a situation for each
which are examples of prejudice and discrimination.
Q2. What do you think could have been a source of these prejudices ? Explain
any two sources.
Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Harish belonged to a family of four children, him being the eldest. Unlike any first born, he was not given the attention he should have had. His father worked as an accountant, while his mother stayed at home to look after the kids. He dropped out of school and could barely manage to get work for a little salary.
His relationship with his family played an important role in building his disposition. He felt a certain feeling of insecurity with his siblings, especially his brother Tarun, who was able to finish college because of parental support.
Due to the hopelessness Harish felt, he started engaging in drinking alcohol with his high school friends. Parental negligence caused emotional turmoil. He also had insomnia which he used as a reason for drinking every night.
Over time, Harish had to drink more to feel the effects of the alcohol. He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit.
In such a case, the school would be the ideal setting for early identification and intervention. In addition, his connection to school would be one of the most significant protective factors for substance abuse. His school implemented a variety of early intervention strategies which did not help him as he was irregular and soon left school. Some protective factors in school would be the ability to genuinely experience positive emotions through good communication.
(i)It has been found that certain family systems are likely to produce abnormal functioning in individual members.
In the light of the above statement, the factors underlying Harish's condition can be related to model.
(A) Humanistic
(B) Behavioural
(C) Socio-cultural
(D) Psychodynamic
(ii) Over time, Harish needed to drink more before he could feel the effects of the alcohol. This means that he built a alcohol. towards the
(A) Withdrawal
(B) Tolerance
(C) Stress inoculation
(D) All of the above
(iii)He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit. This refers to
(A) Low willpower symptoms.
(B) Addiction symptoms
(C) Withdrawal symptoms
(D) Tolerance symptoms
(iv) Which of the following is not true about substance related and addictive disorders?
(A) Alcoholism unites millions of families through social interactions and get-togethers.
(B) Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents.
(C) It also has serious effects on the children of persons with this disorder.
(D) Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health.
Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Monty was only 16 years when he dealt with mixed emotions for every couple of months. He shares that sometimes he felt like he was on top of the world and that nobody could stop him. He would be extremely confident. Once these feelings subsided, he would become depressed and lock himself in the room. He would neither open the door for anyone nor come out.
He shares, "My grades were dropping as I started to breathe rapidly and worry about almost everything under the sun. I felt nervous, restless and tense, with an increased heart rate. My family tried to help but I wasn't ready to accept." His father took him to the doctor, who diagnosed him. Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. How can one differentiate that from a disorder? Watch out when one is hopeless and feels helpless. Or, when one is not able to control the powerful emotions. It has to be confirmed by a medical practitioner.
During his sessions, Monty tries to clear many myths. He gives his perspective of what he experienced and the treatment challenges. "When I was going through it, I wish I had met someone with similar experiences so that I could have talked to her/him and understood why I was behaving the way I was. By talking openly, I hope to help someone to cope with it and believe that it is going to be fine one day."
Now, for the last five years Monty has been off medication and he is leading a regular life. Society is opening up to address mental health issues in a positive way, but it always helps to listen to someone who has been through it.
(i)Monty's symptoms are likely to be those of
(A) ADHD and anxiety disorder
(B) Bipolar disorder and generalised anxiety disorder
(C) Generalised anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
(D) Schizophrenia
(ii) During his sessions, Monty tried to clear many myths. Which one of the following is a myth?
(A) Normality is the same as conformity to social norms.
(B) Adaptive behaviour is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment.
(C) People are hesitant to consult a doctor or a psychologist because they are ashamed of their problems.
(D) Genetic and biochemical factors are involved in causing mental disorders.
(iii) With an understanding of Monty's condition, which of the following is a likely symptom he may also be experiencing?
(A) Frequent washing of hands
(B) Assuming alternate personalities
(C) Persistent body related symptoms, which may or may not be related to any serious medical condition
(D) Prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object
(iv) Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. The disorder manifested in the early stage of development is classified as,
(A) Feeding and eating disorder
(B) Trauma and stressor related disorder
(C) Neurodevelopmental disorder
(D) Somatic symptom disorder
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Psychology Class 12 Exam Questions
Please refer to Psychology Class 12 Exam Questions with solutions below. These important exams solved questions have been prepared based on the latest books and syllabus issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. Our team of expert teachers of Class 12 Psychology has designed these based on the latest examination guidelines and the type of questions expected to come in the examinations.
Exam Questions Class 12 Psychology
We have provided exam questions with solutions for all chapters in Standard 12 Psychology. You should learn these before the examinations as the answers have been designed to help you get better marks. You can click on the chapter-wise links below to access all problems and solutions for free. These will also help you to clear all concepts and improve your understanding of Psychology in Class 12.
Chapterwise Important Questions Class 12 Psychology
It is important for students to prepare for Class 12 Psychology exams properly and practice questions and answers which have been designed based on the latest guidelines on the type of questions to be asked in the upcoming class 12 Psychology examination. We have also provided MCQ Questions for Class 12 Psychology which will be very useful for students. This year more MCQ-based questions and Case study-based questions are expected in examinations. We have provided all the latest questions which are expected to come in exams on our website. Students in Class 12 should download these questions in Pdf and share with teachers and friends.
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What Is a Case Study?
Weighing the pros and cons of this method of research
Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."
Cara Lustik is a fact-checker and copywriter.
Verywell / Colleen Tighe
- Pros and Cons
What Types of Case Studies Are Out There?
Where do you find data for a case study, how do i write a psychology case study.
A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject's life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior. Case studies can be used in many different fields, including psychology, medicine, education, anthropology, political science, and social work.
The point of a case study is to learn as much as possible about an individual or group so that the information can be generalized to many others. Unfortunately, case studies tend to be highly subjective, and it is sometimes difficult to generalize results to a larger population.
While case studies focus on a single individual or group, they follow a format similar to other types of psychology writing. If you are writing a case study, we got you—here are some rules of APA format to reference.
At a Glance
A case study, or an in-depth study of a person, group, or event, can be a useful research tool when used wisely. In many cases, case studies are best used in situations where it would be difficult or impossible for you to conduct an experiment. They are helpful for looking at unique situations and allow researchers to gather a lot of˜ information about a specific individual or group of people. However, it's important to be cautious of any bias we draw from them as they are highly subjective.
What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Case Studies?
A case study can have its strengths and weaknesses. Researchers must consider these pros and cons before deciding if this type of study is appropriate for their needs.
One of the greatest advantages of a case study is that it allows researchers to investigate things that are often difficult or impossible to replicate in a lab. Some other benefits of a case study:
- Allows researchers to capture information on the 'how,' 'what,' and 'why,' of something that's implemented
- Gives researchers the chance to collect information on why one strategy might be chosen over another
- Permits researchers to develop hypotheses that can be explored in experimental research
On the other hand, a case study can have some drawbacks:
- It cannot necessarily be generalized to the larger population
- Cannot demonstrate cause and effect
- It may not be scientifically rigorous
- It can lead to bias
Researchers may choose to perform a case study if they want to explore a unique or recently discovered phenomenon. Through their insights, researchers develop additional ideas and study questions that might be explored in future studies.
It's important to remember that the insights from case studies cannot be used to determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. However, case studies may be used to develop hypotheses that can then be addressed in experimental research.
Case Study Examples
There have been a number of notable case studies in the history of psychology. Much of Freud's work and theories were developed through individual case studies. Some great examples of case studies in psychology include:
- Anna O : Anna O. was a pseudonym of a woman named Bertha Pappenheim, a patient of a physician named Josef Breuer. While she was never a patient of Freud's, Freud and Breuer discussed her case extensively. The woman was experiencing symptoms of a condition that was then known as hysteria and found that talking about her problems helped relieve her symptoms. Her case played an important part in the development of talk therapy as an approach to mental health treatment.
- Phineas Gage : Phineas Gage was a railroad employee who experienced a terrible accident in which an explosion sent a metal rod through his skull, damaging important portions of his brain. Gage recovered from his accident but was left with serious changes in both personality and behavior.
- Genie : Genie was a young girl subjected to horrific abuse and isolation. The case study of Genie allowed researchers to study whether language learning was possible, even after missing critical periods for language development. Her case also served as an example of how scientific research may interfere with treatment and lead to further abuse of vulnerable individuals.
Such cases demonstrate how case research can be used to study things that researchers could not replicate in experimental settings. In Genie's case, her horrific abuse denied her the opportunity to learn a language at critical points in her development.
This is clearly not something researchers could ethically replicate, but conducting a case study on Genie allowed researchers to study phenomena that are otherwise impossible to reproduce.
There are a few different types of case studies that psychologists and other researchers might use:
- Collective case studies : These involve studying a group of individuals. Researchers might study a group of people in a certain setting or look at an entire community. For example, psychologists might explore how access to resources in a community has affected the collective mental well-being of those who live there.
- Descriptive case studies : These involve starting with a descriptive theory. The subjects are then observed, and the information gathered is compared to the pre-existing theory.
- Explanatory case studies : These are often used to do causal investigations. In other words, researchers are interested in looking at factors that may have caused certain things to occur.
- Exploratory case studies : These are sometimes used as a prelude to further, more in-depth research. This allows researchers to gather more information before developing their research questions and hypotheses .
- Instrumental case studies : These occur when the individual or group allows researchers to understand more than what is initially obvious to observers.
- Intrinsic case studies : This type of case study is when the researcher has a personal interest in the case. Jean Piaget's observations of his own children are good examples of how an intrinsic case study can contribute to the development of a psychological theory.
The three main case study types often used are intrinsic, instrumental, and collective. Intrinsic case studies are useful for learning about unique cases. Instrumental case studies help look at an individual to learn more about a broader issue. A collective case study can be useful for looking at several cases simultaneously.
The type of case study that psychology researchers use depends on the unique characteristics of the situation and the case itself.
There are a number of different sources and methods that researchers can use to gather information about an individual or group. Six major sources that have been identified by researchers are:
- Archival records : Census records, survey records, and name lists are examples of archival records.
- Direct observation : This strategy involves observing the subject, often in a natural setting . While an individual observer is sometimes used, it is more common to utilize a group of observers.
- Documents : Letters, newspaper articles, administrative records, etc., are the types of documents often used as sources.
- Interviews : Interviews are one of the most important methods for gathering information in case studies. An interview can involve structured survey questions or more open-ended questions.
- Participant observation : When the researcher serves as a participant in events and observes the actions and outcomes, it is called participant observation.
- Physical artifacts : Tools, objects, instruments, and other artifacts are often observed during a direct observation of the subject.
If you have been directed to write a case study for a psychology course, be sure to check with your instructor for any specific guidelines you need to follow. If you are writing your case study for a professional publication, check with the publisher for their specific guidelines for submitting a case study.
Here is a general outline of what should be included in a case study.
Section 1: A Case History
This section will have the following structure and content:
Background information : The first section of your paper will present your client's background. Include factors such as age, gender, work, health status, family mental health history, family and social relationships, drug and alcohol history, life difficulties, goals, and coping skills and weaknesses.
Description of the presenting problem : In the next section of your case study, you will describe the problem or symptoms that the client presented with.
Describe any physical, emotional, or sensory symptoms reported by the client. Thoughts, feelings, and perceptions related to the symptoms should also be noted. Any screening or diagnostic assessments that are used should also be described in detail and all scores reported.
Your diagnosis : Provide your diagnosis and give the appropriate Diagnostic and Statistical Manual code. Explain how you reached your diagnosis, how the client's symptoms fit the diagnostic criteria for the disorder(s), or any possible difficulties in reaching a diagnosis.
Section 2: Treatment Plan
This portion of the paper will address the chosen treatment for the condition. This might also include the theoretical basis for the chosen treatment or any other evidence that might exist to support why this approach was chosen.
- Cognitive behavioral approach : Explain how a cognitive behavioral therapist would approach treatment. Offer background information on cognitive behavioral therapy and describe the treatment sessions, client response, and outcome of this type of treatment. Make note of any difficulties or successes encountered by your client during treatment.
- Humanistic approach : Describe a humanistic approach that could be used to treat your client, such as client-centered therapy . Provide information on the type of treatment you chose, the client's reaction to the treatment, and the end result of this approach. Explain why the treatment was successful or unsuccessful.
- Psychoanalytic approach : Describe how a psychoanalytic therapist would view the client's problem. Provide some background on the psychoanalytic approach and cite relevant references. Explain how psychoanalytic therapy would be used to treat the client, how the client would respond to therapy, and the effectiveness of this treatment approach.
- Pharmacological approach : If treatment primarily involves the use of medications, explain which medications were used and why. Provide background on the effectiveness of these medications and how monotherapy may compare with an approach that combines medications with therapy or other treatments.
This section of a case study should also include information about the treatment goals, process, and outcomes.
When you are writing a case study, you should also include a section where you discuss the case study itself, including the strengths and limitiations of the study. You should note how the findings of your case study might support previous research.
In your discussion section, you should also describe some of the implications of your case study. What ideas or findings might require further exploration? How might researchers go about exploring some of these questions in additional studies?
Need More Tips?
Here are a few additional pointers to keep in mind when formatting your case study:
- Never refer to the subject of your case study as "the client." Instead, use their name or a pseudonym.
- Read examples of case studies to gain an idea about the style and format.
- Remember to use APA format when citing references .
Crowe S, Cresswell K, Robertson A, Huby G, Avery A, Sheikh A. The case study approach . BMC Med Res Methodol . 2011;11:100.
Crowe S, Cresswell K, Robertson A, Huby G, Avery A, Sheikh A. The case study approach . BMC Med Res Methodol . 2011 Jun 27;11:100. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-100
Gagnon, Yves-Chantal. The Case Study as Research Method: A Practical Handbook . Canada, Chicago Review Press Incorporated DBA Independent Pub Group, 2010.
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods . United States, SAGE Publications, 2017.
By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Syllabus and Mark Distribution
Author : Akash Kumar Singh
Updated On : February 12, 2024
Summary: CBSE Class 12 Psychology syllabus explores deep into the human psyche, exploring emotions, behaviours, and therapies. Understand the wonders of the mind through academic understanding and hands-on learning.
During their senior secondary school education, students can choose from various disciplines offered by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) . Psychology is one such fascinating subject. This discipline explores deeply into human experiences, behaviours, and cognitive processes, all within a sociocultural and historical context.
This article talks about various topics covered under the c|lass 12 psychology CBSE syllabus.
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Understanding the CBSE Class 12 Psychology Syllabus
The CBSE Class 12 Psychology syllabus has been developed with the goal of increasing students' awareness of fundamental principles, ideas, and methodological intrinsic in this discipline. The CBSE class 12 psychology syllabus is intended to create an internal understanding of how diverse circumstances influence human behaviour as well as to transmit theoretical knowledge. CBSE prepares students to understand the intricacies of human behaviour by providing a contextual perspective on psychological knowledge and practises.
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Syllabus Course Structure
The syllabus of psychology CBSE Class 12 is divided into various unit which are as follows:
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Syllabus Course Content
Students can check the CBSE syllabus for class 12 psychology below:
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Distribution of Marks
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Best Books CBSE Class 12 Psychology Exam Preparation
The NCERT textbooks are essential to developing the fundamental concepts needed to prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Psychology exam . There are also specialized guidelines that are helpful for practical exams. Supplementary guides can be helpful for in-depth understanding even though the NCERTs are the major resource.
Check: CBSE Class 12 English Preparation Tips
The updated Class 12 Psychology syllabus CBSE provides students with a comprehensive guide to the huge landscape of human behaviour, emotions, and cognition. Students will gain an in-depth understanding of human experiences in varied circumstances as they progress through each lesson.
Students can read the detailed CBSE psychology class 12 syllabus and download the PDF version directly from the CBSE website. This course will surely extend students' views and promote a more in-depth understanding of the human psyche.
Also check: CBSE Class 12 Psychology Important Questions
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February 12, 2024
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Class 12 Psychology Chapter 4 Important Question Psychological Disorders Term 2 2022
Psychology chapter 4 important question psychological disorders term 2 2022.
Class 12 Psychology Chapter 4 Important Question Psychological Disorders Term 2 2022 , (Psychology) exams are Students are taught thru NCERT books in some of the state board and CBSE Schools. As the chapter involves an end, there is an exercise provided to assist students to prepare for evaluation. Students need to clear up those exercises very well because the questions inside the very last asked from those.
Sometimes, students get stuck inside the exercises and are not able to clear up all of the questions. To assist students, solve all of the questions, and maintain their studies without a doubt, we have provided a step-by-step NCERT Important Questions for the students for all classes. These answers will similarly help students in scoring better marks with the assist of properly illustrated Notes as a way to similarly assist the students and answer the questions right.
(A) Objective Questions (1 Marks Each)
Stand alone mcqs.
Q. 1. The other name for Multiple Personality Disorder
(A) Split Personality
(B) Dissociative Fugue
(C) Depersonalisation
(D) Dissociative Identity Disorder
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Dissociative Identity Disorder, often referred to as Multiple Personality, is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other.
Q. 2. Rhea always complains of snakes crawling inside her body. What is she suffering from?
(A) Somatic Hallucination
(B) Tactile Hallucination
(C) Delusion of Reference
(D) Delusion of control
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: When a person has somatic hallucination, he/she experiences sensations within the body such as snake crawling inside one’s stomach.
Q.3. Aarav believes that he is being spied on, he feels threatened and victimised. He is suffering from
(A) Delusion of Control
(B) Delusion of Persecution
(C) Delusion of Grandeur
(D) Delusion of Reference
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Delusion of Persecution is the most common symptom of schizophrenia. People with this delusion believe that they are being plotted against, spied on slandered.
Q. 4. Inventing new words or phrases is called
(A) Neologism (B) Mutism
(C) Alogia (D) Perseveration.
Q. 5. The word diathesis refers to.
(A) Maintaining factor (B) Predisposition
(C) Genetic Factor (D) Environment
Explanation: The diathesis-stress model. This model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation.
Q. 6. Alogia refers to.
(A) Loosening of association
(B) No emotion
(C) Poverty of speech
(D) Speed reduction
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Poverty of Speech Refers to reduction in speech and speech content.
Q. 7. Bullying is a type of ______ aggression.
(A) Physical (B) Verbal
(C) Proactive (D) Hostile
Explanation: Children show many different types of aggressive behaviour, example proactive aggression (i.e., dominating and bullying others without provocation).
Q. 8. _____ is vague, unpleasant feeling of apprehension.
(A) Panic (B) Anxiety
(C) Depression (D) Sadness
Explanation: Anxiety is usually defined as a diffuse, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension. The anxious individual also shows combination of the following symptoms: rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, sweating, sleeplessness, frequent urination and tremors.
Q. 9. Excess activity of Dopamine causes.
(A) Depression (B) Anxiety
(C) OCD (D) Schizophrenia
Explanation: Excess of Dopamine is related to the schizophrenic disorder.
Q. 10. Match the following:
(A) 1-e, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d, 5-a
(B) 1-b, 2-d3-c, 4-a, 5-e
(C) 1-e, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b, 5-a
(D) 1-d, 2-e, 3-c, 4-b, 5-a
Q. 11. A patient in the ward is maintaining an upright posture for hours and refuses to respond. Identify the kind of symptom.
(A) Catatonia Rigidity (B) Catatonia Stupor
(C) Catatonia Posturing (D) None of the above
Explanation: People with schizophrenia also show psychomotor symptoms. Some show catatonic rigidity, i.e., maintaining a rigid, upright posture for hours.
Q. 12 ______ is removing the evil that resides in the individual through counter magic and prayer.
(A) Decorcism (B) Reportism
(C) Exorcism (D) None of these
Explanation: Exorcism, i.e., removing the evil that resides in the individual through counter magic and prayer, is still commonly used. In many societies, the shaman, or medicine man (ojha) is a person who is believed to have contact with supernatural forces and is the medium through which spirits communicate with human beings.
Q. 13. Inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic is known as___________ behaviour.
(A) Obsessive (B) Repulsive
(C) Compulsory (D) Biological
Explanation: Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful.
Q. 14. When the person has to use more and more of a substance to get the same effect, is called________ .
(A) Substance dependence
(B) Substance abuse
(C) Tolerance
(D) Withdrawal
Explanation: When the person has to use more and more of a substance to get the same effect, it is called tolerance.
Q. 15. Myra keeps organising her cupboard the whole day. Even the thought of somebody messing it, keeps her distracted in class and makes her anxious. Such symptoms are typical of which disorder?
(A) Anxiety Disorder
(B) Depression
(C) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(D) Bipolar Disorder
Explanation: Myra has both obsession and compulsion of cleanliness. The thought of messy surroundings makes her anxious which shows her obsession/preoccupation with those thoughts. She also cleans her cupboard whole day which shows compulsive behaviour.
Q. 16. When a person’s overall behaviour patterns are inflexible and maladaptive and cause distress, the person may be diagnosed with:
(A) Schizophrenia
(B) Dissociative Identity Disorder
(C) A Personality Disorder
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Q. 1. Assertion (A): Many psychologists believe that the best criterion for determining the normality of behaviour is not whether society accepts it, but whether it fosters the well-being of the individual and eventually of the group to which he/she belongs.
Reason (R): Health is not simply maintenance and survival, but also includes growth and fulfilment.
Explanation: Maintenance and survival with growth and development is called well-being and not health.
Q. 2. Assertion (A): The stigma attached to mental illness means that people are open to consult a doctor or psychologist.
Reason (R): It is commonly believed that psychological disorder is something to be ashamed of.
Explanation: The humiliation or stigma attached to mental illness means that people are hesitant or ashamed to consult a doctor or a psychologist.
Q. 3. Assertion (A): A classification of disorders consists of a list of categories of specific psychological disorders grouped into various classes on the basis of some shared characteristics.
Reason (R) : Classifications are useful because they enable users like psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers to communicate with each other about the disorder and help in understanding the causes of psychological disorders and the processes involved in their development and maintenance.
Explanation: Both the statements are true, but there is no cause and effect relationship between the two.
Q. 4. Assertion (A): The diathesis-stress model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by a faulty gene.
Reason (R): The diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited.
Explanation: The psychological disorder develops not only because of faulty gene, but also by stressful situation. The diathesis-stress model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by the stressful situation.
Q. 5. Assertion (A): Suicidal behaviour indicates difficulties in problem-solving, stress management and emotional expression. Suicidal thoughts lead to suicidal action only when acting on these thoughts seems to be the only way out of a person’s difficulties.
Reason (R): The stigma surrounding suicide continues despite recent advances in research in this field. Due to this, many people who are contemplating or even attempting suicide do not seek help thus, preventing timely help from reaching them.
Explanation: Often, suicidal behaviour indicates difficulties in problem-solving, stress management and emotional expression. Suicidal thoughts lead to suicidal action only when acting on these thoughts seems to be the only way out of a person’s difficulties. These thoughts are heightened under acute emotional and other distress. The ramifications of suicide on social circle and communities tend to be devastating and long-lasting.
Q. 6. Assertion (A): Genetic make-up or heredity is an important risk factor for major depression and other depressive disorders.
Reason (R): Depression is caused only by biological causes.
Explanation: Biological causes are not the only cause of depression. The psychological and social factors also contribute to depression.
Case-Based MCQs
I. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Phobia is a Greek word that means fear. A person diagnosed with a specific phobia (formerly known as simple phobia) experiences excessive, distressing and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (such as animals, enclosed spaces, elevators or flying) (APA, 2013). Even though people realize their level of fear and anxiety in relation to the phobic stimulus is irrational, some people with a specific phobia may go to great lengths to avoid the phobic stimulus (the object or situation that triggers the fear arid anxiety). Typically, the fear and anxiety a phobic stimulus elicits is disruptive to the person’s life. For example, a man with a phobia of flying might refuse to accept a job that requires frequent air travel, thus negatively affecting his career. Clinicians who have worked with people who have specific phobias have encountered many kinds of phobias, some of which are shown in Table
Specific phobias are common; in the United States, around 12.5% of the population will meet the criteria for a specific phobia at some point in their lifetime (Kessler et al., 2005). One type of phobia, agoraphobia, is listed in the DSM-5 as a separate anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia, which literally means “fear of the marketplace,” is characterised by intense fear, anxiety and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack (a state of extreme anxiety that we will discuss shortly). These situations include public transportation, open spaces (parking lots), enclosed spaces (stores), crowds or being outside the home alone (APA, 2013). About 1.4% of Americans experience agoraphobia during their lifetime (Kessler et al., 2005)
Q. 1. What is the Greek word for “Phobia”?
(A) Fear (B) Experience
(C) Body (D) None of these
Q. 2. The fear of strangers is called:
(A) Xenophobia (B) Taphephobia
(C) Cynophobia (D) Aerophobia
Q. 3. What is “Phobia”?
(A) An extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
(B) An unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain or harm.
(C) A feeling of worry, nervousness or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
(D) None of these
II. Read the following text and answer the questions given below:
Anxiety Disorder: The term anxiety is defined as diffuse, vague and very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension. The anxious individual shows a combination of following symptoms: Rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, sweating, sleeplessness, frequent urination and tremors.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: People with OCD are unable to control their preoccupations with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act, which affects their ability to carry out normal activities. Obsessive Behaviour- Inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic.
Compulsive Behaviour- It is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again. For e.g., Counting, touching, checking, washing, etc. E.g., Hoarding Disorder, Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), Excoriation (skin picking).
Trauma and Stress-Related Disorder: People who are caught in natural disasters, bomb blasts or have been in serious accidents, or in a war situation, experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Symptoms- Recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration & emotional numbing. Includes- Adjustment disorder and Acute Stress Disorder.
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder- All conditions in which there are physical symptoms in the absence of a physical disease. The individual has psychological difficulties & complains of physical symptoms, for which there is no biological cause.
Q. 1. What is anxiety?
(A) It is defined as diffuse, vague and very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension.
(B) An extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
(C) An unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain or harm.
Q. 2. What are the symptoms of anxious people?
(A) Loss of appetite (B) Fainting
(C) Dizziness (D) All of the above
Q. 3. Compulsive behaviour is doing things over and over again like:
(A) Counting (B) Touching
(C) Checking (D) All of the above
III. Read the following text and answer the questions given below:
Mr. Sen is a 67-year-old male who reports that his biggest problem is worrying. He worries all of the time and about “everything under the sun.” For example, he reports equal worry about his wife who is undergoing treatment for breast cancer and whether he returned his book to the library. He recognizes that his wife is more important than a book and is bothered that both cause him similar levels of worry. Mr. Sen is unable to control his worrying. Accompanying this, he experienced excessive and uncontrollable anxiety, had difficulty falling asleep, impatience with others, difficulty focusing at work, and significant back and muscle tension. Mr. Sen has had a lifelong problem with worry, recalling that his mother called him a “worry wart.” His worrying does wax and wane, and worsened when his wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer.
Q. 1. Identify Mr. Sen’s disorder.
(A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(B) Major Depressive Disorders
(C) Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
(D) Somatic Symptom Disorder
Explanation: Generalised Anxiety Disorder consists of prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object.
Q. 2. Identify the odd one out:
(A) Specific Phobias
(B) Social Anxiety Disorder
(D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Explanation: Rest all are under Anxiety Disorder Spectrum.
Q. 3. What is the nature of fear experienced by a person suffering from generalised anxiety disorder?
(A) Irrational (B) Mild
(C) Unexplained terror (D) None of the above
Q. 4. According to Behavioural model, Mr. Sen’s symptoms are due to:
(A) Irrational assumptions
(B) Maternal deprivation
(C) Learned maladaptive ways of behaving
(D) Inability to find meaning in life
Explanation: As per Behavioural model both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned and psychological disorders. They are the result of learning maladaptive ways of behaving. The model concentrates on behaviours that are learned through conditioning and proposes that what has been learned can be unlearned.
(B) Subjective Questions
Very short answer type questions (2 marks each).
Q. 1. What is an interactional approach to psychological disorders ? [CBSE Delhi Set-4, 2018]
Ans. Interactional approach to psychological disorders:
(a) Bio-psycho – social approach
(b) All three factors i.e., biological, psychological and social, play important role in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders.
Q. 2. Explain separation anxiety disorder (SAD). [CBSE Delhi Set-4, 2018]
Ans. Separation anxiety disorder – an internalising / behavioural disorder unique to children
Symptoms prominent symptom is excessive anxiety/ panic experienced by children at being separated from their parents, difficulty being in a room by themselves, going to school alone, fearful of entering new situations and clings to and shadow their parents’ every move. To avoid separation, children with SAD may fuss, scream, throw severe tantrums or make suicidal gestures.
Q. 3. Explain binge eating. [CBSE OD Set-4, 2017]
Ans. In binge eating, there are frequent episodes of out of control eating.
Detailed Answer:
Binge Eating is also known as compulsive overeating or consuming abnormal amounts of food while feeling inability to stop and a loss of control. Binge eating generally occurs on an average a minimum of twice per week for a duration of six months. This phenomenon was first explained in 1959 by Albert Stunkard, a psychiatrist and researcher, as Night Eating Syndrome (NES). The term ‘Binge Eating’ was created to define similar eating behaviour irrespective of the nocturnal incidents.
Q. 4. What is bipolar mood disorder? [CBSE Delhi, 2016]
Ans. Bipolar Mood Disorder: hr this, both mania and depression are alternatively present and are interrupted by periods of normal mood.
Manic episodes rarely appear by themselves; they usually alternate with depression. Bipolar mood disorders were earlier referred to as manic- depressive disorders.
Q. 5. Fatima is experiencing generalised anxiety disorder. Enumerate any two causes with reference to diathesis stress model which may have led to the disorder. [CBSE SQP 2020-2021]
Ans. (i) Presence of biological aberration
(ii) Person may carry a vulnerability
(iii) Presence of pathogenic stressors
(Explain any two relating to the case provided)
(i) The diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited.
(ii) The diathesis may carry a vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder. This means that the person is ‘at risk’ or ‘predisposed’ to develop the disorder.
(iii) The presence of pathogenic stressors, i.e. factors/ stressors that may lead to psychopathology.
Short Answer Type Questions-I (3 Marks Each)
Q. 1. Describe Dissociative Disorders.
Ans. Dissociation can be viewed as a severe connection between ideas and emotions.
Dissociation involves feelings of unreality, estrangement, depersonalisation and sometimes a loss or shift of identity.
Four conditions are included in this group:
(i) Dissociative amnesia: It is characterised by extensive but selective memory loss that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury).
(ii) Dissociative fugue: It has, as its essential feature, an unexpected travel away from home and workplace, the assumption of a new identity, and the inability to recall the previous identity.
(iii) Dissociative identity disorder: It is often referred to as multiple personality, is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood.
(iv) Depersonalisation: It involves a dreamlike state in which the person has a sense of being separated both from self and from reality.
Q. 2. How does diathesis stress model explain abnormal behaviour?
Ans. The three components of diathesis stress model are:
(i) Diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited.
(ii) The person may carry a vulnerability to develop a disorder. The person is ‘at risk’ or ‘predisposed’ to develop the disorder.
(iii) There is a presence of pathogenic stressors that may lead to psychopathology.
Q. 3. Explain the forms of eating disorders associated with distorted body image.
Ans. Children show eating disorders which are of the following three types:
(i) Anorexia Nervosa: In this, the individuals have a distorted body image that leads them to consider themselves as overweight. They refuse to eat especially, in front of others, exercise compulsively and lose large amounts of weight and even starve themselves to death.
(ii) Bulimia Nervosa: In this, the individual may eat excessive amounts of food, then purge his/her body of food by using medicines or by vomiting. The person feels disgusted and ashamed when he or she binges and is relieved of tension and negative emotions after purging.
(iii) Binge Eating: In this, there are frequent episodes of out-of-control eating. Large amount of food is eaten even when the individual is not feeling hungry.
Short Answer Type Questions-ll (4 Marks Each)
Q. 1. Aman is an eight year old who has profound difficulty in relating to other people. Often, he is found to be unresponsive to other people’s feelings and exhibits stereotypical patterns of behaviour. Identify this disorder and describe its features. [CBSE Delhi Set-4, 2019]
Ans. Autism Spectrum Disorder under the category of Neuro developmental disorders
Children with autism spectrum disorder have marked difficulties in social interaction and communication.
• They have a restricted range of interests.
• They have a strong desire for routine.
• They are unable to share experiences and emotions.
• They show serious abnormalities in communication and language that persist over time.
• Many never develop speech, those who do have repetitive deviant patterns.
• They show narrow patterns of interests and repetitive behaviours such as lining up objects or stereotyped body movements.
(Any 3 points from above other than the ones mentioned in the question)
Q. 2. Explain mental disorders from a socio-cultural perspective. [CBSE OD Set-4, 2017]
Ans. According to the Sociocultural model, abnormal behaviour is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence an individual.
(i) Socio-cultural factors such as war and violence, group prejudice and discrimination, economic and employment problems, etc. and rapid social change, put stress on most of us and can lead to psychological problems in some individuals.
(ii) Certain family structures are likely to produce abnormal functioning in members. E.g., families which are over involved with each other have difficulty in becoming independent in life. Social and professional relationships also play an important role.
(iii) People who are isolated and lack societal support are likely to become more depressed and remain depressed longer than those who have good friendship.
(iv) Societal labels and roles assigned to troubled people also cause abnormal functioning.
When people break the norms of their society, they are called deviant and ‘mentally ill’ and people may start behaving and living up to these labels.
Q. 3. Explain somatoform disorders. [CBSE Delhi, 2015]
Ans. Somatoform Disorders: Physical symptoms in the absence of a physical disease. Individuals have psychological difficulties and complains of physical symptoms for which no biological cause exists. E.g., fatigue, headache, vague body pains.
(a) Pain disorders
(b) Somatisation
(c) Conversion
(d) Hypochondriasis
Brief explanation with symptoms of each disorder.
In somatoform disorders, the individual has psychological difficulties and complains of physical symptoms, for which there is no biological cause, i.e., absence of a physical disease.
Somatoform disorders include:
(a) Pain disorder: It involves reports of extreme and incapacitating pain, that is without any identifiable biological symptoms or greatly in excess of what might be expected to accompany biological symptoms. Some people handle pain by remaining active and ignoring the pain. Others engage in passive coping, which leads to reduced activity and social withdrawal.
(b) Somatisation disorder: Patients with somatisation have multiple recurrent chronic bodily complaints. These complaints are likely to be presented in a dramatic and exaggerated way. Common complaints are headache, fatigue, heart palpitations, fainting spells, vomiting and allergies. Patients with this disorder believe that they are sick, provide long and detailed histories of their illness, and take large quantities of medicine.
(c) Conversion disorder: Patients with conversion disorder mainly report loss of part or all of some basic body functions. Paralysis, blindness, deafness and difficulty in walking are generally among the symptoms reported.
(d) Hypochondriasis: Patient with hypochondriasis disorder has a persistent belief that she/he has a serious illness, despite medical reassurance, lack of physical findings and failure to develop the disease. Hypochondriacs have an obsessive preoccupation and concern with the condition of their bodily organs and they continually worry about their health.
Q. 4. Raj can often be seen talking to himself. On questioning, he would state that there were people around him whom he could see and hear when there was no one else around. Identify and describe this symptom of schizophrenia. [CBSE SQP 2020-2021]
Ans. Positive symptom Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli, positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Auditory and visual hallucination
Listing and description of other types of hallucinations.
(i) People with schizophrenia may have hallucinations, i.e. perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. Auditory hallucinations are most common in schizophrenia. Patients hear sounds or voices that speak words, phrases and sentences directly to the patient (second person hallucination) or talk to one another referring to the patient as she/he (third person hallucination).
(ii) Hallucinations can also involve the other senses. These include tactile hallucinations (i.e. forms of tingling, burning), somatic hallucinations (i.e. something happening inside the body such as a snake crawling inside one’s stomach), visual hallucinations (i.e. vague perceptions of colour or distinct visions of people or objects), gustatory hallucinations (i.e. food or drink taste strange), and olfactory hallucinations (i.e. smell of poison or smoke).
(iii) People with schizophrenia also show inappropriate affect, i.e. emotions that are unsuited to the situation.
Q. 5. What are dissociative disorders? Explain their various types.
Explain disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders.
Ans. Sudden temporary alterations of consciousness that block out painful experiences. Severance of connection between ideas and emotions, feelings of unreality, loss or shift of identity.
(i) Dissociative Amnesia
(ii) Dissociative identity disorder
(iii) Depersonalization/ Derealisation
(Explanation of the above. In case only the names of disorders are written without explaining, marks to be given).
Oppositional Defiant Disorder displays age – inappropriate amounts of stubbornness, are irritable, defiant disobedient and behave in a hostile manner. Individuals with ODD do not see themselves as angry, oppositional or defiant and often justify their behaviour as reaction to circumstances/ demand, problematic interactions with others. (Any four points to be written)
Conduct Disorder and antisocial behaviour refer to age – inappropriate actions, and attitude that violate family expectations, societal norm and the personal or property rights of others. Include aggressive actions that cause or threaten harm to people or animals, non- aggressive conduct that causes property damage, major deceitfulness or theft and serious role violations. Children show many different types of aggressive behaviour Such as verbal aggression, physical aggression, hostile aggression and proactive aggression. (Any four points to be written)
Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks Each)
Q. 1. Explain abnormality. Trace a brief history of how our understanding of psychological disorders has evolved to its current status.
Explain the different psychological models used to explain abnormal behaviour. [CBSE Delhi Set-4, 2019]
Ans. (i) Deviance Two approaches
(ii) Distress OR Deviation from social norms.
(iii) Dysfunction maladaptive behaviour
(iv) Danger
(Explanation of the above)
(Second part, ‘historical background’, not in curriculum 2018-19, therefore, everyone would get marks).
Psychological models- These factors include maternal deprivation, faulty parent child relationships, maladaptive family structures and severe stress.
(i) Psychodynamic
(ii) Behavioural model
(iii) Cognitive model
(iv) Humanistic model
(Explanation of all 4 models / 7/2 for each model)
Psychological models maintain that psychological and interpersonal factors have a significant role to play in abnormal behaviour. These factors include:
(i) Maternal deprivation (separation from the mother, or lack of warmth and stimulation during early years of life).
(ii) Faulty parent-child relationships (rejection, over protection, over-permissiveness, faulty discipline, etc.)
(iii) Maladaptive family structures (inadequate or disturbed family) and severe stress. The psychological models include the psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive and humanistic-existential models.
(a) The Psychodynamic Model: This model is the oldest and most famous of the modern psychological-models. Abnormal behaviour is viewed as the result of intrapsychic conflicts.
1. This model was first formulated by Freud.
2. Abnormal behaviour is a symbolic expression of unconscious mental conflicts that can be generally traced to early childhood or infancy.
(b) The Behavioural Model: This model states that both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned and psychological disorders are the result of learning maladaptive ways of be having. The model concentrates on behaviours that are learned through conditioning and proposes that what has been learned can be unlearned. Learning can take place by classical conditioning (temporal association in which two events repeatedly occur close together in time), operant conditioning (behaviour is followed by a reward) and social learning (learning by imitating others’ behaviour). These three types of conditioning account for behaviour, whether adaptive or maladaptive.
(c) The Cognitive Model: This model states that abnormal functioning can result from cognitive problems like negative thinking and irrational believes. People may hold assumptions and attitudes about themselves that are irrational and inaccurate. People may also repeatedly think illogical ways and make over generalizations. They may draw broad, negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
(d) The Humanistic-Existential Model: Humanists believe that human beings are born with a natural tendency to be friendly, co-operative and constructive, and are driven to self actualize, i.e., to fulfil this potential for goodness and growth. Existentialists believe that from birth we have total freedom to give meaning to our existence or to avoid that responsibility. Those who shirk from this responsibility would live empty, inauthentic and dysfunctional lives. According to humanists, obstacles in self actualization cause mental disorder.
Q. 2. Explain the term dissociation. Discuss its various forms. [CBSE OD Set-4,2016]
Ans. Dissociation: Severance of the connection between ideas and emotions. Involves feelings of unreality, estrangement, depersonalisation and sometimes a loss or shift of identity.
Forms of dissociative disorders are:
(i) Dissociative amnesia
(ii) Dissociative fugue
(iii) Dissociative identity disorder
(iv) Depersonalisation
(Explanation of each)
(i) Dissociative amnesia is characterised by extensive but selective memory loss that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury). Some people cannot remember anything about their past. Others can no longer recall specific events, people, places, or objects, while their memory for other events remains intact.
(ii) A part of dissociative amnesia is dissociative fugue. Essential feature of this could be an unexpected travel away from home and workplace, the assumption of a new identity, and the inability to recall the previous identity. The fugue usually ends when the person suddenly ‘wakes up’ with no memory of the events that occurred during the fugue. This disorder is often associated with an overwhelming stress.
(iii) Dissociative identity disorder, often referred to as multiple personality, is the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders. It is often associated with traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities that may or may not be aware of each other.
(iv) Depersonalisation/Derealisation disorder involves a dreamlike state in which the person has a sense of being separated both from self and from reality. In depersonalisation, there is a change of self-perception, and the person’s sense of reality is temporarily lost or changed.
Q. 3. Explain the diathesis-stress model of abnormal behaviour giving examples from daily life. [CBSE OD Set-4, 2016]
Ans. Diathesis Stress Model: This model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological aberration to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation.
This model has three components:
(i) Presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited.
(ii) Diathesis may carry predisposition or vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder.
(iii) Presence of pathogenic stressors i.e., factors that may lead to psychopathology.
(Any suitable example from daily life)
Diathesis-stress model: This model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological predisposition to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation. This model has three components. The first is the diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration which maybe inherited. The second component is that the diathesis may carry a vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder. This means that the person is ‘at risk’ or ‘predisposed’ to develop the disorder. The third component is the presence of pathogenic stressors, i.e. factors/ stressors that may lead to psychopathology. If such “at risk” persons are exposed to these stressors, their predisposition may actually evolve into a disorder. This model has been applied to several disorders including anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.
Q. 4. Describe any three behavioural disorders prevalent among children.
Ans. The most important three behavioural disorders among children are Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The two main features of ADHD are Inattention and Hyperactivity.
Inattention: Children who are inattentive find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play.
They have a hard time keeping their minds on any one thing or in following instructions.
Common complaints are that the child does not listen, cannot concentrate, does not follow instructions, is disorganised, easily distracted, forgetful, does not finish assignments, and is quick to lose interest in what he and she feels to be boring activities.
Hyperactivity: Children showing hyperactivity are unable to control their reactions or think before they act. They are impulsive and find it impossible to sit still through a class. Minor mishaps like knocking things over or major mishaps like serious injury due to accident may occur.
They may fidget, squirm, climb, or run around aimlessly and talk incessantly.
They are described as “driven by motor” and “always on the go” by their parents and teachers.
Boys are four times more likely to be given this diagnosis than girls.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: With Oppositional Defiant Disorder, they show age-inappropriate amount of stubbornness. They are irritable, defiant, disobedient and behave in a hostile manner.
Conduct Disorder: It refers to age inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms and the personal or property rights of others. The behaviours typical of conduct disorder include aggressive actions that cause or threaten harm to people or animals, non-aggressive conduct that causes property damage, major deceitfulness or theft and serious rule violations.
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CISCE: Class 12 Psychology exam deferred after question paper disappears
The council for the indian school certificate examinations (cisce) has been forced to postpone the class 12 psychology exam following the disappearing of question papers at an exam center. this marks the second instance of exam disruption within a month, stirring concerns about the security and integrity of the examination process..
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- CISCE postpones Class 12 Psychology exam to April 4 due to disappearance of question papers
- Loss of question papers fuels apprehensions about exam security
- Unexpected postponement of the Psychology exam leaves students grappling with abrupt changes
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has announced the postponement of the Class 12 Psychology exam from its original date of March 27, 2024, to April 4, 2024. This decision comes in response to the reported loss of question papers at an exam center, marking the second instance of exam rescheduling within a month. The incident has raised concerns about exam security and disrupted the study schedules of many students. It follows a similar occurrence with the Chemistry exam, which was postponed earlier due to unforeseen circumstances, prompting speculation about a question paper leak.
Official communication from CISCE states that the rescheduled Psychology exam will take place on April 4, 2024, at 2:00 pm. The loss of question papers highlights the importance of robust security measures for exam materials. CISCE is expected to face pressure to investigate the incident and implement stricter protocols to prevent future disruptions.
Direct link to check official notice
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology, Important Case Study-Based Questions: Case 1: Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from ...
Class 12 Psychology Case Study Question 1. Read the case given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option: This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer's dream.
Senior class XII psychology file Cbse - Free download as PDF File (.pdf) or read online for free. Investigatory project case study
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Case Study Questions. The teaching of Psychology should be based on the use of case studies, narratives, experiential exercises, analysis of common everyday experiences, etc. Having said that we should also keep in mind the guidelines of the latest NEP, which calls for competency-based learning.
this is the class 12 psychology case study for board practicals on the topic post traumatic stress disorder (ptstd)link to pdf version of project made by me:...
CASE STUDY. A 13-year-old boy was referred to speech therapy because of his stuttering. ... Download Psychology Project Class 12 CBSE - Depression PDF. Share. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Reddit WhatsApp Telegram Share via Email. ... Project on Insurance- Business Studies Project Class 11. December 3, 2021. Project On Social Issues ...
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CBSE Psychology Practical XII 2021 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
Case studies are in-depth investigations of a person, group, event, or community. Typically, data is gathered from various sources using several methods (e.g., observations & interviews). The case study research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e., the patient's personal history). In psychology, case studies are ...
PSYCHOLOGY HOLIDAY HOMEWORK (Class XII) PSYCHOLOGY -HOLIDAY HOMEWORK (Class XII) CASE STUDY FILE : Case study is an in depth analysis of a person. You are required to choose a person on whom you want to do your case study. The person should be from 14-18 years of age and willing to cooperate with you.
Get all the important information related to the CBSE Class 12 Examination including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Here at Unacademy we have provided updated and enhanced study material for Psychology. Refer to them and ace the CBSE Class 12 exams.
A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject's life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior. Case studies can be used in many different fields, including psychology, medicine, education, anthropology, political science, and social work.
Case study questions to test your knowledge on Psychological Disorders NCERT class 12 cbse chapter 4, useful to assess your understanding of chapter 4 of cert ... Case Studies on Disorders CH4 Psychological Disorders Class 12. Case study questions to test your knowledge on Psychological Disorder... View more. Course. Variations in Psychological ...
PSYCHOLOGY CLASS XI-XII (2024-2025) (CODE NO. 037) Psychology is introduced as an elective subject at the higher secondary stage of school education. As a discipline, psychology specializes in the study of experiences, behaviors and mental processes of human beings within a socio-cultural historical context.
This is to certify that I, [Student's Name], a [Class/Grade Level] student, have successfully completed the project on "Case study on ocd for 12 CBSE (Obsessive-compulsive disorder).". The project explores the fundamental principles and key aspects of the chosen topic, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance and ...
Updated On : February 12, 2024. Summary: CBSE Class 12 Psychology syllabus explores deep into the human psyche, exploring emotions, behaviours, and therapies. Understand the wonders of the mind through academic understanding and hands-on learning. During their senior secondary school education, students can choose from various disciplines ...
Class 12 CASE PROFILE - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
Psychology Chapter 4 Important Question Psychological Disorders Term 2 2022. Class 12 Psychology Chapter 4 Important Question Psychological Disorders Term 2 2022, (Psychology) exams are Students are taught thru NCERT books in some of the state board and CBSE Schools. As the chapter involves an end, there is an exercise provided to assist students to prepare for evaluation.
Psychology Case Study Format Class 12 Case Solution This case study is usually a fictional account of the intimate interlude during which a mystery in regards to the gender history of one of the characters is uncovered. The case is meant to provide learners a bigger knowledge of gendered society and to discuss diver. . .
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has announced the postponement of the Class 12 Psychology exam from its original date of March 27, 2024, to April 4, 2024. This decision comes in response to the reported loss of question papers at an exam center, marking the second instance of exam rescheduling within a month.