8 elements of creative writing

The 8 Elements of a Story – Explained for Students!

The 8 elements of a story are: character, setting, plot, conflict, theme, point-of-view, tone and style.

These story elements form the backbone of any good novel or short story. If you know the 8 elements, you can write and analyze stories more effectively.

Teacher Resource: Elements of a Story Worksheet for Students: ‘Planning your Short Story’ (Google Doc)

The 8 Elements of a Story

The first of the story elements is the story setting. All stories have a setting. The setting includes the time and place in which the story will be taking place. 

There may be just one story setting, such as in a short story that only takes place in a single room of a house. Or, there may be many different settings spanning many locations and times, such as stories that span generations or that have characters who travel the globe.

Common setting considerations are:

• Alternative reality

In regards to time, stories can be set in the past, present, future, or even a mix of the three. For example, Back to the Future uses all three settings. Marty McFly travels back and forward in time, capturing the audience’s imagination as settings and time zones change from scene to scene.

Authors also need to create compelling place-based settings in their stories. Things to consider when looking at the sense of place in a novel or short story include:

Some stories may also choose to have alternative realities . Alternative reality books followed the true history of the world to a point. Then, they diverge after a fictional event occurs such as a war or natural disaster.

Lastly, some authors want to make the setting of a story ambiguous. This works well in sci-fi and fantasy stories which want to detach themselves from our current world. With such an ambiguous setting, the author could create their own technologies, religions and planets without the need to refer to any contexts of the ‘real’ world here on earth.

2. Characters

The next of the elements of a story is the characters. Of course, characters are one of the most important elements of a novel or short story.

The characters are the people (or sometimes animals!) who are featured in a story. The different characters in a story that you need to know about are: the protagonist, antagonist, static character, dynamic character, and confidante character.

The protagonist is the hero of the story and central character. We’ll also usually call them the ‘main character’. They will get most of the attention of the author. Every narrative – whether it’s a novel or short story – will have a protagonist.

The antagonist is the opponent of the main character. This person stirs trouble and is often the main cause of tension in the plot line. The hero’s role is often to prevent the antagonist from doing harm to people.

There can also be peripheral and dynamic characters . Peripheral characters who don’t change much throughout a story but set the context are often called ‘static characters’. Parents are often seen as static characters in books and movies. They are reliable, always there, but don’t do much to compel the plot forward. By contrast, a dynamic character might start out as an unassuming peripheral person in the story. As the story progresses, they move toward the center of the storyline, become closer to the main character, and increase in importance. 

Lastly, the confidante is the sidekick for the main character. It often takes the role of a wise or philosophical character, although not always. In The Lion King , Timon and Pumba act as confidantes to Simba during his exile years. Other confidantes in that story include Rafiki and Nala.

Also Consider Character Conflicts and Fatal Flaws

Often times a character will have their own inner conflicts, challenges or struggles to overcome. By giving characters inner conflicts they are made more realistic. Flaws in personality traits also humanizes them. A good book will have a range of realistic and flawed characters. For example:

• Edmund from the Narnia series m ust overcome jealousy to help save Narnia and protect his family;
• Professor Snape from Harry Potter suffers from an inability to get past his grudges from the past.

3. Conflict

Nobody wants to read a novel or short story without conflict – so you’ll find every story will have some sort of conflict.

What would be the point? The conflict in a story is the main challenge to overcome. It compels the plot forward and is usually resolved during the plot’s climax.

The main types of conflict you will come across in a story are:

• Protagonist vs Antagonist
• Protagonist vs Nature
• Protagonist vs Self
• Protagonist vs Society

In the protagonist vs antagonist conflict , t he protagonist (hero) must challenge the antagonist in order to prevent the antagonist from doing something harmful. For example, this occurs in Harry Potter. Harry (protagonist) must defeat Voldermort (antagonist). Harry is the only person who can save the world from Voldermort and represents the child savior .

In the protagonist vs nature conflict , the protagonist goes up against a challenge that occurs in nature. This may involve a main character taking on a natural challenge like escaping the jungle, or a natural disaster like a tsunami or asteroid coming at earth.

In the protagonist vs self conflict , the protagonist may have inner struggles to overcome in order to succeed. The protagonist may need to get over a lost love, learn courage, or achieve a personal goal that they set out for themselves in the beginning. For example, this happens in The Wizard of Oz.  Dorothy and her companions each has to learn that the characteristics they most desire are within them. The Cowardly Lion seeks courage, the Tin Man seeks the ability to love, and the Scarecrow seeks intellect.

In the protagonist vs society conflict , the protagonist may identify an enemy or problem in society that they must overcome, often single-handedly. In children’s books, this model is often recast as Child (protagonist) vs. Adults (Society) where the child must save adults from themselves. We see this in the ‘child savior’ complex such as in The Hunger Games .

The next of the story elements is theme. The theme is the author’s central argument or big idea they want to convey.

Themes are often associated with a ‘moral of a story’ or an analogy (a hidden meaning in the text). They attempt to convey a piece of wisdom or fundamental truth about human nature for us to think about. Even in a short story there will be a key theme.

Common types of themes, also known as central ideas , include:

• Good vs. evil
• The absurdity of life
• The pain of war
• Seeking freedom
• Political corruption
• The power of redemption
• The importance of faith

Most contemporary American movies tell stories of good vs. evil , with good usually triumphing thanks to a heroic protagonist. For example, in Spiderman.

Similarly, love has been a theme throughout millennia in stories. What is true love, how can it be found, and how can we keep it? Perhaps the most famous example is in Romeo and Juliet.

Existentialist literature attempts to expose the absurdity of life , e.g. how life is futile, pointless and meaningless. Two great examples are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead and   Catch 22 .

Many stories throughout history have been cautionary tales about the pain of war and its devastating effects on life. A compelling example is The Diary of Anne Frank.

The desire for freedom is another common motif in stories and movies. This often involves the struggles in escaping oppression, war or nature. One example of this theme that I love is The Truman Show’s theme .

Stories of political corruption usually highlight how fascism, communism or other political systems lead to concentration of power and corruption. A famous example is Animal Farm by George Orwell.

Often based on Christian beliefs, redemption stories show how characters can come back from sin and shame to redeem themselves through good deeds and repentance. A great example of this is A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.

Many tales have morals about religion and faith and the importance of penance to a god as their central theme. A famous example is the short story sets of Sinbad the Sailor’s Seven Voyages.

The next of the story elements is the plot line. The plot is the sequence of events that tell the story.

Sometimes we call it the ‘narrative structure’. Another way to use the term ‘plot’ is to make a plan. For example, “There is a plot to rob a bank.”

Plots usually follow a familiar structure. We tell children that plots have a ‘Beginning’, ‘Middle’ and ‘End’ – and that might be true for a short story:

• Beginning: Introduce the characters and set the scene;
• Middle: Introduce a complication and tell the story of how it is overcome
• Ending: Resolve each character’s individual story and provide a sense of closure.

As students get older, we go into a bit more depth and use more formal terms:

• Exposition: The exposition begins the story. It provides the necessary background information like the setting and character details. It may also outline the relationships between characters and any other important information. This section should set the scene but also entertain the reader from page one.
• Rising Action: The rising action part is the part of the story where “the plot thickens”. Challenges, conflicts and complications are introduced during the rising action segment. This is often the longest part of the story. Authors aim to create and build tension as long as possible to entertain the reader and create a true ‘page turner’ of a story.
• Climax: After rising action comes climax. This is the turning point of the story where the tensions in the plotline come to a head. A good climax may involve a twist or a big reveal. Other examples of a climax might be a big battle, police chase or exposure of a love affair.
• Falling Action: After the climax comes falling action. I often find the falling action segment is brief but may be necessary to conclude the key scenes that occurred in the climax. During the falling action, tension starts to dissolve
• Resolution (denoument): The resolution gives a sense of closure to the reader. It may tie up loose ends in character plotlines and explain what becomes of the key characters after the story. To use The Lord of the Rings example, the resolution shows Frodo sailing to the Grey Havens and Sam marrying Rosie Cotton.

6. Point of View

The next of the story elements is point of view. The point of view of a story has a big impact on how the story will be told.

Point of view also influences how the audience will respond to it. There are three common points of view: first person, second person and third person.

First person stories are told by the protagonist. You can tell a first person story from the use of first person phrases like ‘I’ and ‘We’. A benefit of first person point of view is that you can get inside the head of the main character. They can talk about what they’re thinking and what their opinion is of all the other characters throughout the piece.

Second person stories are narrated by an outsider (not a character in the story), but talk directly to the reader. It is like we are in a conversation with the author. This is called ‘breaking the fourth wall’.  An example of second person is when the author directly says ‘you’ to the reader.

Third person stories do not talk directly to the reader and do not insert themselves into the story either. This is the most common type of point of view.  Most third person books have an omniscient narrator. This means the narrator is an all-knowing person who can get into characters’ heads and explain their thoughts. The author tells the story as if looking through a looking glass. They refer to the characters (including the protagonist) using terms like ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘they’.

Authors choose a tone to act as the backdrop to a story. The tone often overlaps with the protagonist’s mood or circumstance.

Tones include moods like:

• Intellectual

Some examples of tones in books include:

• Brave New World: Dystopian
• The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy: Funny
• Tuesdays with Morrie: Heartwarming

Tone can be conveyed through elements like weather conditions, time of day, and a soliloquy. 

Tone is often conveyed through the weather conditions . Some stories are set in long, endless summers. Others are anticipating an endless winter to come (e.g. Game of Thrones ).  Rain is a good idea for when a character is sad or moody.  By contrast, sunshine will signify happy times.

Similarly, you might want to define the time of day , particularly for one scene or a simple short story Night time might show that the tone is eerie and full of mystery and magic. A warm Evening might set a tone of drowsiness. A morning setting might convey a tone signifying starting afresh and heading out excited for a day’s adventures.

Tone is often also set through the soliloquy of the narrator of a first-person text. A soliloquy is a piece of writing (or speaking) where the author reflects on their moods and thoughts.

Writing style is one of the most important elements of a story, but very personal to each author.

We also tend to find authors whose styles we like and continue to read their works whenever they publish something new. A style is simply a way of speaking about our subjects.

Below are a range of styles to consider:

• Short sentences: I first came across very short sentences in Hemmingway ’s For Whom the Bell Tolls . Hemminway’s curt writing style comes across as masculine, but is often very easy to read.
• Highly Descriptive:  When reading The Lord of the Rings , I was bemused at just how long it took JRR Tolkein to describe a fireplace. While I personally prefer a short story, many of the classics have this descriptive style.
• Fast-Paced: If you like entertaining books, ensure your writing is always compelling the plot forward and not getting into the weeds.

Final Thoughts on Story Elements

Every story should contain the above 8 elements of a story. The eight elements of a story are: character, setting, plot, conflict, theme, point-of-view, tone and style. Make sure you include all 8 elements of a story in the next story you write . For every short story I write, I will start with character, setting and plot then go on from there. Similarly, you can use the 8 story elements as a framework to critique a film or book of your choice. 

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 5 Top Tips for Succeeding at University
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Elements of Creative Writing

J.D. Schraffenberger, University of Northern Iowa

Rachel Morgan, University of Northern Iowa

Grant Tracey, University of Northern Iowa

Copyright Year: 2023

ISBN 13: 9780915996179

Publisher: University of Northern Iowa

Language: English

Formats Available

Conditions of use.

Learn more about reviews.

Reviewed by Robert Moreira, Lecturer III, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley on 3/21/24

Unlike Starkey's CREATIVE WRITING: FOUR GENRES IN BRIEF, this textbook does not include a section on drama. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

Unlike Starkey's CREATIVE WRITING: FOUR GENRES IN BRIEF, this textbook does not include a section on drama.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

As far as I can tell, content is accurate, error free and unbiased.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

The book is relevant and up-to-date.

Clarity rating: 5

The text is clear and easy to understand.

Consistency rating: 5

I would agree that the text is consistent in terms of terminology and framework.

Modularity rating: 5

Text is modular, yes, but I would like to see the addition of a section on dramatic writing.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

Topics are presented in logical, clear fashion.

Interface rating: 5

Navigation is good.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

No grammatical issues that I could see.

Cultural Relevance rating: 3

I'd like to see more diverse creative writing examples.

As I stated above, textbook is good except that it does not include a section on dramatic writing.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Chapter One: One Great Way to Write a Short Story
• Chapter Two: Plotting
• Chapter Three: Counterpointed Plotting
• Chapter Four: Show and Tell
• Chapter Five: Characterization and Method Writing
• Chapter Six: Character and Dialouge
• Chapter Seven: Setting, Stillness, and Voice
• Chapter Eight: Point of View
• Chapter Nine: Learning the Unwritten Rules
• Chapter One: A Poetry State of Mind
• Chapter Two: The Architecture of a Poem
• Chapter Three: Sound
• Chapter Four: Inspiration and Risk
• Chapter Five: Endings and Beginnings
• Chapter Six: Figurative Language
• Chapter Seven: Forms, Forms, Forms
• Chapter Eight: Go to the Image
• Chapter Nine: The Difficult Simplicity of Short Poems and Killing Darlings

Creative Nonfiction

• Chapter One: Creative Nonfiction and the Essay
• Chapter Two: Truth and Memory, Truth in Memory
• Chapter Three: Research and History
• Chapter Four: Writing Environments
• Chapter Five: Notes on Style
• Chapter Seven: Imagery and the Senses
• Chapter Eight: Writing the Body
• Chapter Nine: Forms

Back Matter

• Contributors
• North American Review Staff

Ancillary Material

• University of Northern Iowa

About the Book

This free and open access textbook introduces new writers to some basic elements of the craft of creative writing in the genres of fiction, poetry, and creative nonfiction. The authors—Rachel Morgan, Jeremy Schraffenberger, and Grant Tracey—are editors of the North American Review, the oldest and one of the most well-regarded literary magazines in the United States. They’ve selected nearly all of the readings and examples (more than 60) from writing that has appeared in NAR pages over the years. Because they had a hand in publishing these pieces originally, their perspective as editors permeates this book. As such, they hope that even seasoned writers might gain insight into the aesthetics of the magazine as they analyze and discuss some reasons this work is so remarkable—and therefore teachable. This project was supported by NAR staff and funded via the UNI Textbook Equity Mini-Grant Program.

About the Contributors

J.D. Schraffenberger  is a professor of English at the University of Northern Iowa. He is the author of two books of poems,  Saint Joe's Passion  and  The Waxen Poor , and co-author with Martín Espada and Lauren Schmidt of  The Necessary Poetics of Atheism . His other work has appeared in  Best of Brevity ,  Best Creative Nonfiction ,  Notre Dame Review ,  Poetry East ,  Prairie Schooner , and elsewhere.

Rachel Morgan   is an instructor of English at the University of Northern Iowa. She is the author of the chapbook  Honey & Blood , Blood & Honey . Her work is included in the anthology  Fracture: Essays, Poems, and Stories on Fracking in American  and has appeared in the  Journal of American Medical Association ,  Boulevard ,  Prairie Schooner , and elsewhere.

Grant Tracey   author of three novels in the Hayden Fuller Mysteries ; the chapbook  Winsome  featuring cab driver Eddie Sands; and the story collection  Final Stanzas , is fiction editor of the  North American Review  and an English professor at the University of Northern Iowa, where he teaches film, modern drama, and creative writing. Nominated four times for a Pushcart Prize, he has published nearly fifty short stories and three previous collections. He has acted in over forty community theater productions and has published critical work on Samuel Fuller and James Cagney. He lives in Cedar Falls, Iowa.

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8 Elements of Effective Creative Writing (The Art of the Craft)

~ 4-minute read

January is International Creativity Month, and I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to discuss the basic, but crucial, aspects of creative writing. The Art of the Craft article series will go in-depth into the various elements and techniques that go into crafting a work of creative writing. From novel writing to poetry, The Word Count will cover it all!

Already know what you’re hoping to see in The Art of Craft article series? Comment with the topic(s) you want The Word Count to address next!

What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is the act of using your power of storytelling to create literary productions or compositions in an imaginative and original way. Creative writing is the artistic expression of a lens through which to view the world, a message conveyed through an inventive tale.

What Counts as Creative Writing?

Any work which uses imagery, drama, and narrative to communicate to an audience is considered creative writing. Examples include poems, short stories, novels, scripts, screenplays, and creative nonfiction.

What are the 8 Main Elements of Creative Writing?

Voice refers to the unique style and way a writer expresses oneself on the page. This is similar to how you can recognize someone through the nuances of their personality. A successful creative piece will have a natural, clear, and consistent voice.

The tone of a creative work is the attitude that the writer showcases toward what they are sharing in the story.

Style is the deliberate way in which writers choose words and place them together to craft the story.

4.) Characters

Characters are the people, animals, inanimate objects, or natural forces, etc. whose actions carry the story forward. The crucial act of developing characters takes time and consideration. Creative writers must know their characters in precise detail to effectively develop a connection with their audience.

The sequence of incidents that befall characters in a story is known as the plot. The plot of creative works includes elements, such as suspense-building and conflict that guide the characters throughout the story.

6.) Point of View

Point of View (POV) refers to the perspective that the narrator has on the characters and the events transpiring in the story.

7.) Setting

The setting of a creative work is the place and time period in which the characters dwell and the story takes place.

Theme is the underlying meaning of a creative story, the important statement that the writer aims to share with their audience.

How Do I Get Started Writing my Book?

Step 1: Make Time to Write This is the most important, but oftentimes forgotten, rule of being a writer of any kind. You need to make consistent time in your schedule to write. Not only will this help you develop a stronger sense of commitment, but over time it will train your brain so you can get into “writer mode” even quicker during your writing sessions.

Step 2: Get Ideas for Writing Just as it is crucial for a creative writer to make time to write, so is it important for them to set aside time to observe the world, and comb through the story ideas that pop up along the way.

Step 3: Write Aurally and Visually Even well-written works can become dull and dry without dialogue, interactions, and details that bring them to life! Be thorough when researching genres, setting details, cultures, etc.

Step 4: Draw from your Experiences Besides researching, you can look back at your experiences for ways to bring a character, their dialogue, or the overall story to life.

Step 5: Read One of the best ways to grow as a writer is to explore what others in your genre are doing and understand the specific aspects of what you like or dislike in what you see.

International Creativity Month is a time to embrace your creative muse. If you were looking for a sign to pursue creative writing, here it is. Don’t wait for the perfect time or the right level of confidence to embark on the journey.

As a good friend once told me, “Anything worth doing is worth doing it scared.”

If you are unsure or anxious at the prospect of being a creative writer, The Word Count is here to help guide you because every word counts .

Do you want to learn more about the craft of creative writing? Subscribe to our blog today and get notified when our next post goes live!

#TheArtOfTheCraft, #InternationalCreativityMonth, #CreativeWritingBasics, #CreativeWritingTips, #HowToBecomeAWriter, #CreativeWritingElements, #TheWordCount

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Creative Writing Explained: A Guide for all Writers

What is creative writing, the elements of creative writing, what are the forms of creative writing, understanding creative fiction and creative non-fiction, how to get started in creative writing, effective tips for writers, interesting creative writing exercises for writers.

Creative fiction and its types

Short stories, plays and screenplays, creative nonfiction and its types.

Freewriting

Juxtaposition, show, don’t tell, narrative structure and plotting, spend time with your characters, take a step back.

I am interested in writing, but I cannot classify my writings

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Last updated on Feb 14, 2023

10 Types of Creative Writing (with Examples You’ll Love)

A lot falls under the term ‘creative writing’: poetry, short fiction, plays, novels, personal essays, and songs, to name just a few. By virtue of the creativity that characterizes it, creative writing is an extremely versatile art. So instead of defining what creative writing is , it may be easier to understand what it does by looking at examples that demonstrate the sheer range of styles and genres under its vast umbrella.

To that end, we’ve collected a non-exhaustive list of works across multiple formats that have inspired the writers here at Reedsy. With 20 different works to explore, we hope they will inspire you, too. 

People have been writing creatively for almost as long as we have been able to hold pens. Just think of long-form epic poems like The Odyssey or, later, the Cantar de Mio Cid — some of the earliest recorded writings of their kind. 

Poetry is also a great place to start if you want to dip your own pen into the inkwell of creative writing. It can be as short or long as you want (you don’t have to write an epic of Homeric proportions), encourages you to build your observation skills, and often speaks from a single point of view . 

Here are a few examples:

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.

This classic poem by Romantic poet Percy Shelley (also known as Mary Shelley’s husband) is all about legacy. What do we leave behind? How will we be remembered? The great king Ozymandias built himself a massive statue, proclaiming his might, but the irony is that his statue doesn’t survive the ravages of time. By framing this poem as told to him by a “traveller from an antique land,” Shelley effectively turns this into a story. Along with the careful use of juxtaposition to create irony, this poem accomplishes a lot in just a few lines. 

“Trying to Raise the Dead” by Dorianne Laux

 A direction. An object. My love, it needs a place to rest. Say anything. I’m listening. I’m ready to believe. Even lies, I don’t care.

Poetry is cherished for its ability to evoke strong emotions from the reader using very few words which is exactly what Dorianne Laux does in “ Trying to Raise the Dead .” With vivid imagery that underscores the painful yearning of the narrator, she transports us to a private nighttime scene as the narrator sneaks away from a party to pray to someone they’ve lost. We ache for their loss and how badly they want their lost loved one to acknowledge them in some way. It’s truly a masterclass on how writing can be used to portray emotions. 

If you find yourself inspired to try out some poetry — and maybe even get it published — check out these poetry layouts that can elevate your verse!

Song Lyrics

Poetry’s closely related cousin, song lyrics are another great way to flex your creative writing muscles. You not only have to find the perfect rhyme scheme but also match it to the rhythm of the music. This can be a great challenge for an experienced poet or the musically inclined. 

To see how music can add something extra to your poetry, check out these two examples:

“Hallelujah” by Leonard Cohen

 You say I took the name in vain I don't even know the name But if I did, well, really, what's it to ya? There's a blaze of light in every word It doesn't matter which you heard The holy or the broken Hallelujah 

Metaphors are commonplace in almost every kind of creative writing, but will often take center stage in shorter works like poetry and songs. At the slightest mention, they invite the listener to bring their emotional or cultural experience to the piece, allowing the writer to express more with fewer words while also giving it a deeper meaning. If a whole song is couched in metaphor, you might even be able to find multiple meanings to it, like in Leonard Cohen’s “ Hallelujah .” While Cohen’s Biblical references create a song that, on the surface, seems like it’s about a struggle with religion, the ambiguity of the lyrics has allowed it to be seen as a song about a complicated romantic relationship. 

“I Will Follow You into the Dark” by Death Cab for Cutie

 ​​If Heaven and Hell decide that they both are satisfied Illuminate the no's on their vacancy signs If there's no one beside you when your soul embarks Then I'll follow you into the dark

You can think of song lyrics as poetry set to music. They manage to do many of the same things their literary counterparts do — including tugging on your heartstrings. Death Cab for Cutie’s incredibly popular indie rock ballad is about the singer’s deep devotion to his lover. While some might find the song a bit too dark and macabre, its melancholy tune and poignant lyrics remind us that love can endure beyond death.

Plays and Screenplays

From the short form of poetry, we move into the world of drama — also known as the play. This form is as old as the poem, stretching back to the works of ancient Greek playwrights like Sophocles, who adapted the myths of their day into dramatic form. The stage play (and the more modern screenplay) gives the words on the page a literal human voice, bringing life to a story and its characters entirely through dialogue. 

Interested to see what that looks like? Take a look at these examples:

All My Sons by Arthur Miller

“I know you're no worse than most men but I thought you were better. I never saw you as a man. I saw you as my father.” 

Arthur Miller acts as a bridge between the classic and the new, creating 20th century tragedies that take place in living rooms and backyard instead of royal courts, so we had to include his breakout hit on this list. Set in the backyard of an all-American family in the summer of 1946, this tragedy manages to communicate family tensions in an unimaginable scale, building up to an intense climax reminiscent of classical drama. 

💡 Read more about Arthur Miller and classical influences in our breakdown of Freytag’s pyramid . 

“Everything is Fine” by Michael Schur ( The Good Place )

“Well, then this system sucks. What...one in a million gets to live in paradise and everyone else is tortured for eternity? Come on! I mean, I wasn't freaking Gandhi, but I was okay. I was a medium person. I should get to spend eternity in a medium place! Like Cincinnati. Everyone who wasn't perfect but wasn't terrible should get to spend eternity in Cincinnati.” 

A screenplay, especially a TV pilot, is like a mini-play, but with the extra job of convincing an audience that they want to watch a hundred more episodes of the show. Blending moral philosophy with comedy, The Good Place is a fun hang-out show set in the afterlife that asks some big questions about what it means to be good. 

It follows Eleanor Shellstrop, an incredibly imperfect woman from Arizona who wakes up in ‘The Good Place’ and realizes that there’s been a cosmic mixup. Determined not to lose her place in paradise, she recruits her “soulmate,” a former ethics professor, to teach her philosophy with the hope that she can learn to be a good person and keep up her charade of being an upstanding citizen. The pilot does a superb job of setting up the stakes, the story, and the characters, while smuggling in deep philosophical ideas.

Personal essays

Our first foray into nonfiction on this list is the personal essay. As its name suggests, these stories are in some way autobiographical — concerned with the author’s life and experiences. But don’t be fooled by the realistic component. These essays can take any shape or form, from comics to diary entries to recipes and anything else you can imagine. Typically zeroing in on a single issue, they allow you to explore your life and prove that the personal can be universal.

Here are a couple of fantastic examples:

“On Selling Your First Novel After 11 Years” by Min Jin Lee (Literary Hub)

There was so much to learn and practice, but I began to see the prose in verse and the verse in prose. Patterns surfaced in poems, stories, and plays. There was music in sentences and paragraphs. I could hear the silences in a sentence. All this schooling was like getting x-ray vision and animal-like hearing. 

This deeply honest personal essay by Pachinko author Min Jin Lee is an account of her eleven-year struggle to publish her first novel . Like all good writing, it is intensely focused on personal emotional details. While grounded in the specifics of the author's personal journey, it embodies an experience that is absolutely universal: that of difficulty and adversity met by eventual success. 

“A Cyclist on the English Landscape” by Roff Smith (New York Times)

These images, though, aren’t meant to be about me. They’re meant to represent a cyclist on the landscape, anybody — you, perhaps. 

Roff Smith’s gorgeous photo essay for the NYT is a testament to the power of creatively combining visuals with text. Here, photographs of Smith atop a bike are far from simply ornamental. They’re integral to the ruminative mood of the essay, as essential as the writing. Though Smith places his work at the crosscurrents of various aesthetic influences (such as the painter Edward Hopper), what stands out the most in this taciturn, thoughtful piece of writing is his use of the second person to address the reader directly. Suddenly, the writer steps out of the body of the essay and makes eye contact with the reader. The reader is now part of the story as a second character, finally entering the picture.

Short Fiction

The short story is the happy medium of fiction writing. These bite-sized narratives can be devoured in a single sitting and still leave you reeling. Sometimes viewed as a stepping stone to novel writing, that couldn’t be further from the truth. Short story writing is an art all its own. The limited length means every word counts and there’s no better way to see that than with these two examples:

“An MFA Story” by Paul Dalla Rosa (Electric Literature)

At Starbucks, I remembered a reading Zhen had given, a reading organized by the program’s faculty. I had not wanted to go but did. In the bar, he read, "I wrote this in a Starbucks in Shanghai. On the bank of the Huangpu." It wasn’t an aside or introduction. It was two lines of the poem. I was in a Starbucks and I wasn’t writing any poems. I wasn’t writing anything. 

This short story is a delightfully metafictional tale about the struggles of being a writer in New York. From paying the bills to facing criticism in a writing workshop and envying more productive writers, Paul Dalla Rosa’s story is a clever satire of the tribulations involved in the writing profession, and all the contradictions embodied by systemic creativity (as famously laid out in Mark McGurl’s The Program Era ). What’s more, this story is an excellent example of something that often happens in creative writing: a writer casting light on the private thoughts or moments of doubt we don’t admit to or openly talk about. 

“Flowering Walrus” by Scott Skinner (Reedsy)

I tell him they’d been there a month at least, and he looks concerned. He has my tongue on a tissue paper and is gripping its sides with his pointer and thumb. My tongue has never spent much time outside of my mouth, and I imagine it as a walrus basking in the rays of the dental light. My walrus is not well. 

A winner of Reedsy’s weekly Prompts writing contest, ‘ Flowering Walrus ’ is a story that balances the trivial and the serious well. In the pauses between its excellent, natural dialogue , the story manages to scatter the fear and sadness of bad medical news, as the protagonist hides his worries from his wife and daughter. Rich in subtext, these silences grow and resonate with the readers.

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Perhaps the thing that first comes to mind when talking about creative writing, novels are a form of fiction that many people know and love but writers sometimes find intimidating. The good news is that novels are nothing but one word put after another, like any other piece of writing, but expanded and put into a flowing narrative. Piece of cake, right?

To get an idea of the format’s breadth of scope, take a look at these two (very different) satirical novels: 

Convenience Store Woman by Sayaka Murata

I wished I was back in the convenience store where I was valued as a working member of staff and things weren’t as complicated as this. Once we donned our uniforms, we were all equals regardless of gender, age, or nationality — all simply store workers. 

Keiko, a thirty-six-year-old convenience store employee, finds comfort and happiness in the strict, uneventful routine of the shop’s daily operations. A funny, satirical, but simultaneously unnerving examination of the social structures we take for granted, Sayaka Murata’s Convenience Store Woman is deeply original and lingers with the reader long after they’ve put it down.

Erasure by Percival Everett

The hard, gritty truth of the matter is that I hardly ever think about race. Those times when I did think about it a lot I did so because of my guilt for not thinking about it.  

Erasure is a truly accomplished satire of the publishing industry’s tendency to essentialize African American authors and their writing. Everett’s protagonist is a writer whose work doesn’t fit with what publishers expect from him — work that describes the “African American experience” — so he writes a parody novel about life in the ghetto. The publishers go crazy for it and, to the protagonist’s horror, it becomes the next big thing. This sophisticated novel is both ironic and tender, leaving its readers with much food for thought.

Creative Nonfiction

Creative nonfiction is pretty broad: it applies to anything that does not claim to be fictional (although the rise of autofiction has definitely blurred the boundaries between fiction and nonfiction). It encompasses everything from personal essays and memoirs to humor writing, and they range in length from blog posts to full-length books. The defining characteristic of this massive genre is that it takes the world or the author’s experience and turns it into a narrative that a reader can follow along with.

Here, we want to focus on novel-length works that dig deep into their respective topics. While very different, these two examples truly show the breadth and depth of possibility of creative nonfiction:

Men We Reaped by Jesmyn Ward

Men’s bodies litter my family history. The pain of the women they left behind pulls them from the beyond, makes them appear as ghosts. In death, they transcend the circumstances of this place that I love and hate all at once and become supernatural. 

Writer Jesmyn Ward recounts the deaths of five men from her rural Mississippi community in as many years. In her award-winning memoir , she delves into the lives of the friends and family she lost and tries to find some sense among the tragedy. Working backwards across five years, she questions why this had to happen over and over again, and slowly unveils the long history of racism and poverty that rules rural Black communities. Moving and emotionally raw, Men We Reaped is an indictment of a cruel system and the story of a woman's grief and rage as she tries to navigate it.

Cork Dork by Bianca Bosker

He believed that wine could reshape someone’s life. That’s why he preferred buying bottles to splurging on sweaters. Sweaters were things. Bottles of wine, said Morgan, “are ways that my humanity will be changed.” 

In this work of immersive journalism , Bianca Bosker leaves behind her life as a tech journalist to explore the world of wine. Becoming a “cork dork” takes her everywhere from New York’s most refined restaurants to science labs while she learns what it takes to be a sommelier and a true wine obsessive. This funny and entertaining trip through the past and present of wine-making and tasting is sure to leave you better informed and wishing you, too, could leave your life behind for one devoted to wine. 

Illustrated Narratives (Comics, graphic novels)

Once relegated to the “funny pages”, the past forty years of comics history have proven it to be a serious medium. Comics have transformed from the early days of Jack Kirby’s superheroes into a medium where almost every genre is represented. Humorous one-shots in the Sunday papers stand alongside illustrated memoirs, horror, fantasy, and just about anything else you can imagine. This type of visual storytelling lets the writer and artist get creative with perspective, tone, and so much more. For two very different, though equally entertaining, examples, check these out:

Calvin & Hobbes by Bill Watterson

"Life is like topography, Hobbes. There are summits of happiness and success, flat stretches of boring routine and valleys of frustration and failure." 

This beloved comic strip follows Calvin, a rambunctious six-year-old boy, and his stuffed tiger/imaginary friend, Hobbes. They get into all kinds of hijinks at school and at home, and muse on the world in the way only a six-year-old and an anthropomorphic tiger can. As laugh-out-loud funny as it is, Calvin & Hobbes ’ popularity persists as much for its whimsy as its use of humor to comment on life, childhood, adulthood, and everything in between. 

From Hell by Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell 

"I shall tell you where we are. We're in the most extreme and utter region of the human mind. A dim, subconscious underworld. A radiant abyss where men meet themselves. Hell, Netley. We're in Hell." 

Comics aren't just the realm of superheroes and one-joke strips, as Alan Moore proves in this serialized graphic novel released between 1989 and 1998. A meticulously researched alternative history of Victorian London’s Ripper killings, this macabre story pulls no punches. Fact and fiction blend into a world where the Royal Family is involved in a dark conspiracy and Freemasons lurk on the sidelines. It’s a surreal mad-cap adventure that’s unsettling in the best way possible. 

Video Games and RPGs

Probably the least expected entry on this list, we thought that video games and RPGs also deserved a mention — and some well-earned recognition for the intricate storytelling that goes into creating them. 

Essentially gamified adventure stories, without attention to plot, characters, and a narrative arc, these games would lose a lot of their charm, so let’s look at two examples where the creative writing really shines through: 

80 Days by inkle studios

"It was a triumph of invention over nature, and will almost certainly disappear into the dust once more in the next fifty years." 

Named Time Magazine ’s game of the year in 2014, this narrative adventure is based on Around the World in 80 Days by Jules Verne. The player is cast as the novel’s narrator, Passpartout, and tasked with circumnavigating the globe in service of their employer, Phileas Fogg. Set in an alternate steampunk Victorian era, the game uses its globe-trotting to comment on the colonialist fantasies inherent in the original novel and its time period. On a storytelling level, the choose-your-own-adventure style means no two players’ journeys will be the same. This innovative approach to a classic novel shows the potential of video games as a storytelling medium, truly making the player part of the story. 

What Remains of Edith Finch by Giant Sparrow

"If we lived forever, maybe we'd have time to understand things. But as it is, I think the best we can do is try to open our eyes, and appreciate how strange and brief all of this is." 

This video game casts the player as 17-year-old Edith Finch. Returning to her family’s home on an island in the Pacific northwest, Edith explores the vast house and tries to figure out why she’s the only one of her family left alive. The story of each family member is revealed as you make your way through the house, slowly unpacking the tragic fate of the Finches. Eerie and immersive, this first-person exploration game uses the medium to tell a series of truly unique tales. 

Fun and breezy on the surface, humor is often recognized as one of the trickiest forms of creative writing. After all, while you can see the artistic value in a piece of prose that you don’t necessarily enjoy, if a joke isn’t funny, you could say that it’s objectively failed.

With that said, it’s far from an impossible task, and many have succeeded in bringing smiles to their readers’ faces through their writing. Here are two examples:

‘How You Hope Your Extended Family Will React When You Explain Your Job to Them’ by Mike Lacher (McSweeney’s Internet Tendency)

“Is it true you don’t have desks?” your grandmother will ask. You will nod again and crack open a can of Country Time Lemonade. “My stars,” she will say, “it must be so wonderful to not have a traditional office and instead share a bistro-esque coworking space.” 

Satire and parody make up a whole subgenre of creative writing, and websites like McSweeney’s Internet Tendency and The Onion consistently hit the mark with their parodies of magazine publishing and news media. This particular example finds humor in the divide between traditional family expectations and contemporary, ‘trendy’ work cultures. Playing on the inherent silliness of today’s tech-forward middle-class jobs, this witty piece imagines a scenario where the writer’s family fully understands what they do — and are enthralled to hear more. “‘Now is it true,’ your uncle will whisper, ‘that you’ve got a potential investment from one of the founders of I Can Haz Cheezburger?’”

‘Not a Foodie’ by Hilary Fitzgerald Campbell (Electric Literature)

I’m not a foodie, I never have been, and I know, in my heart, I never will be. 

Highlighting what she sees as an unbearable social obsession with food , in this comic Hilary Fitzgerald Campbell takes a hilarious stand against the importance of food. From the writer’s courageous thesis (“I think there are more exciting things to talk about, and focus on in life, than what’s for dinner”) to the amusing appearance of family members and the narrator’s partner, ‘Not a Foodie’ demonstrates that even a seemingly mundane pet peeve can be approached creatively — and even reveal something profound about life.

We hope this list inspires you with your own writing. If there’s one thing you take away from this post, let it be that there is no limit to what you can write about or how you can write about it. 

In the next part of this guide, we'll drill down into the fascinating world of creative nonfiction.

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10 Impactful Elements of Creative Writing

Wondering how can you think like J.K. Rowling and craft a creative masterpiece like Harry Potter? Is that even possible for you? Of course, it is quite doable for anyone having a flair for creative writing. But only a passion would not be enough as you need to know how things work in creative writing.

It means you must be aware of the elements of creative writing. Speaking of which, this exciting blog post sheds light on each of these elements in detail for you to form a good base for such writing. So, without further ado, let’s get to read them all.

Table of Contents

The Elements of Creative WritingYou Should Know

Characterization.

Development:  Characters with a range of features including emotions, depth, and complexity can capture readers’ attention and propel the story along. Character development is an important element of creative writing! 

Arcs and Growth:  The development of characters throughout the narrative can create an interesting journey that viewers can relate to.

Plot and Structure

Engaging Plot:  A series of occurrences that intrigue readers, containing components such as suspense, opposition, and resolution.

Structure:  A structure that is carefully constructed either to adhere to conventional formats or to attempt unconventional storytelling for a stronger effect.

Setting and Atmosphere

Vivid Settings:  Writing that creates vivid imagery and allows readers to experience the story’s environment.

Atmospheric Elements:  Creating an atmosphere with vivid descriptions of the setting to add to the emotion of the story.

Dialogue and Voice

Authentic Dialogue:  Discussions that expose personality attributes, propel the storyline forward, and sound realistic.

Distinctive Voice:  The writer’s style and character are expressed through the storytelling.

Theme and Symbolism

Exploration of Themes:  Implicit ideas or themes that give the story more substance and significance.

Symbolic Elements:  Employment of symbols or figures of speech to express additional layers of meaning and interpretation.

Emotional Resonance

Eliciting Emotions:  Evoking feelings in readers, encouraging understanding, bonding, and making a lasting impression.

Authenticity of Emotions:  Depiction of real feelings and events that are true to life.

Language and Style

Vivid Language:  Employing vivid language, figurative comparisons, and sensory details to form pictures in the mind and to stimulate the senses.

Narrative Style:  Developing a distinctive writing style to establish the mood and pacing of the narrative.

Foreshadowing and Pacing

Foreshadowing:  Scattered hints and clues placed throughout the story, sparking curiosity and suspense.

Pacing:  Varying the pace of the story to keep the reader engaged and emotionally invested.

Suspense and Tension

Suspenseful Elements:  Creating excitement about what will happen next in the narrative.

Tension Creation:  Factors that create suspense and keep readers interested in the conclusion.

Originality and Innovation

Innovative Storytelling:  Trying out different ways of telling a story, such as different narrative forms, genres, and perspectives, which can result in interesting and original stories.

Unexpected Twists:  Unanticipated features that defy expectations and draw in viewers.

Understanding Elements with the Help of a Creative Writing Example

Going through creative writing examples is often a good way to adapt the right technique for tackling this task. Here you go with an example.

The Creative Writing Piece

In a peaceful spot in the city, surrounded by towering skyscrapers, was an old house. Its worn-out exterior didn’t give away the secrets inside, especially in the attic, where forgotten gems were collecting dust.

Anna, once full of life as a cellist, now found comfort in the peace and quiet of her home. Her music stopped playing after a heartbreaking incident that took away her brother, Daniel, leaving her with a deep sadness in her heart.

On a stormy afternoon, Anna was trying to avoid thinking about painful memories, so she went into her attic. She found an old music box, with tarnished edges, and she nervously wound it up. A sad melody filled the quiet room.

Anna’s body shuddered as the melancholic tune filled her soul, bringing up memories she had wanted to forget. Daniel’s favorite song was playing, the song they’d shared during their happiest times together. Her eyes blurred with tears as a mix of nostalgia and pain overwhelmed her.

Anna ran her fingers over the detailed carvings on the music box in a trance. The grooves reminded her of all the good times she had with Daniel – his wide grin, and the bond they had. She was filled with emotion as she remembered it all, tears streaming down her face.

As the music tapered off, Anna’s determination increased. She held onto the music box tightly, dead set on figuring out what it meant. She stayed up all night and kept searching, and eventually found hints – a worn-out photo, an outdated show ticket – each one being a small lead to a song that had been forgotten.

Anna had a moment of self-reflection and remembered how much she loved music. She carefully picked up her cello and slowly plucked at the strings, feeling the music stir up her emotions. Gradually, the forgotten melody came back to her and filled the house, blending with the pitter-patter of rain hitting the windows.

Anna used music to find her way to recovery. Every tune she played was a step towards accepting her situation, a reminder of Daniel’s presence. The attic, which had once been a place of grief, now filled with the bittersweet sound of reflection and optimism.

In her music, Anna found that even when she had forgotten certain melodies, they still had the power to bring healing and renewal.

Breaking Down Elements of Creative Writing from the Story

You can get all the ideas about composition and more about creative writing in the comprehensive guide to master creative writing by experts.

Element 1: Idea Generation

Anna, a disheartened cellist who can’t stop thinking about the awful accident that involved her brother, finds comfort in a dusty attic. There she finds an old music box that plays a sorrowful tune, and it brings back memories, causing her to go on a mission to understand its importance.

Element 2: Character Development

Anna:  A once-passionate cellist now withdrawn, struggling with unresolved emotions stemming from her brother’s accident.

Brother:  A pivotal character in flashbacks, portrayed as a source of inspiration and unresolved grief in Anna’s life.

Element 3: Plot and Structure

The narrative alternates between the present, where Anna discovers the music box, and poignant flashbacks revealing her relationship with her brother and the accident’s aftermath. The structure slowly unravels the emotional layers of Anna’s journey.

Element 4: Setting and Atmosphere

The attic serves as a metaphorical space for introspection, filled with forgotten relics that evoke nostalgia and pain. The contrast between the melancholic tune of the music box and the present silence heightens the emotional atmosphere.

Element 5: Dialogue and Voice

Conversations between Anna and her brother in flashbacks reveal their bond, regrets, and unspoken emotions. Anna’s internal monologue and interactions reflect her inner turmoil and gradual emotional healing.

Element 6: Theme and Symbolism

Themes of loss, healing, and the restorative power of music are explored. The music box symbolizes Anna’s unresolved emotions and her quest to rediscover joy amidst grief.

Element 7: Emotional Resonance

Readers empathize with Anna’s grief and find hope in her journey toward healing. Authentic emotions and gradual healing resonate throughout the narrative, evoking a range of emotions in the audience.

Element 8: Language and Style

Descriptive prose paints vivid images of both physical and emotional landscapes, evoking nostalgia and heartache. The narrative style, with its lyrical prose and introspective reflections, establishes a poignant and contemplative tone.

Element 9: Foreshadowing and Pacing

Clues within the narrative hint at the music box’s significance, building anticipation. Alternating between reflective moments and revelations maintains a pace that allows emotions to linger while propelling the story forward.

Element 10: Originality and Innovation

The blend of music, memories, and emotional introspection creates a narrative that resonates uniquely. Unexpected revelations within Anna’s journey offer hope amidst sorrow, adding depth to the story. The expert writers working with professional paper writing service providers also vouch this element to be very important for the effectiveness of creative writing.

Creative writing is like painting with words! You create characters, plots, and settings and inject emotions to make stories come alive. With interesting characters, emotional appeal, an exciting story, and vivid descriptions, you can draw readers in and make them feel like they’re right there in the adventure. It’s a great way to evoke emotion and fire up imaginations!

This blog post was all about helping you get better with creative writing with knowing the elements of creative writing in good detail.

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Principles of Creative Writing: An Ultimate Guide

Explore the art of storytelling with our blog on the Principles of Creative Writing. Uncover the key techniques that transform words into captivating narratives. From character development to plot intricacies, we'll guide you through the fundamental principles that breathe life into your writing, helping you craft compelling and imaginative stories.

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Table of Contents  

1)  Understanding Creative Writing Principles 

2)  Principles of Creative Writing 

    a)  Imagination knows no bounds   

    b)  Crafting compelling characters   

    c)  Plot twists and turns 

    d) Setting the stage 

    e)  Point of View (POV) and voice    

    f)  Dialogue - The voice of your characters 

    g)  Conflict and tension 

    h)  Show, don't tell 

    i)  Editing and revising with precision   

    j)  The power of theme and symbolism 

    k)  Pacing and rhythm 

    l)   Emotionally resonant writing 

    m)  Atmosphere and mood 

3)  Conclusion  

Understanding Creative Writing Principles  

Before we move on to the Principles for Creative Writers, let’s first understand the concept of Creative Writing. Creative Writing is an exploration of human expression, a channel through which Writers communicate their unique perspectives, experiences, and stories.   

This form of writing encompasses various genres, such as fiction, poetry, drama, and more. Unlike Technical or Academic Writing, Creative Writing is driven by the desire to evoke emotions, engage readers, and transport them to alternate worlds.  

Take your academic writing to the next level – join our Academic Writing Masterclass and unlock the art of effective writing and communication!    

Principles of Creative Writing  

Now that you know the meaning of Creative Writing, let’s explore its principles.  

Principle 1: Imagination k nows n o b ounds   

Your imagination is a treasure trove of ideas waiting to be explored. To cultivate your creative imagination:  

a)  Allow yourself to think without limitations. 

b)  Let thoughts collide and see where they lead. 

c)  Keep a journal to jot down fleeting ideas and use them as springboards for your writing.  

Break free from conventional thought patterns—experiment with "what if" scenarios – twist familiar elements into something new. Blend genres, combine unrelated concepts, or put your characters in unexpected situations .       

Principle 2: Crafting c ompelling c haracters   

Characters are the heart of your story. Develop characters with distinct personalities, motivations, strengths, and flaws. Delve into their backgrounds, understanding their past experiences and how they shape their choices. Consider their beliefs, fears, desires, and relationships with others in the story .   

Readers connect with characters they can relate to. Make your characters multifaceted by giving them relatable qualities. Flaws make characters human, so don't hesitate to bestow imperfections upon them. Your readers will find themselves emotionally invested in their journeys as they face challenges and grow.    

Principle 3: Plot t wists and t urns   

A well-crafted story thrives on plot twists and turns. These unexpected shifts keep readers engaged, encouraging them to explore the unknown alongside your characters. The art of plot twists lies in weaving surprises that challenge characters' assumptions and drive the story in unexpected directions.   

Develop logical and unforeseen twists, leaving your audience eager to discover what happens next. Experiment with various narrative structures. Choose the structure that best serves your story's theme and tone.  

Principle 4: Setting the s tage  

Transport readers into your story's world by vividly describing its physical elements – sights, sounds, smells, and textures. The setting isn't merely a backdrop; it's a living, breathing entity that influences the mood and atmosphere of your narrative. Create an immersive experience that makes readers feel like they're living the story alongside your characters. Make the setting integral to your storytelling, whether a bustling urban landscape or serene countryside. 

Principle 5: Point of View (POV) and v oice     

Point of View (POV) and voice are essential tools that shape how your story is perceived. POV determines the perspective through which readers experience the narrative – whether through a character's eyes (first person), an external observer (third person limited), or an all-knowing narrator (third person omniscient). Each POV offers a distinct vantage point, influencing what readers know and how they connect with the characters.   

On the other hand, voice is the unique style and tone of your writing that reflects the narrator's personality and worldview. Skilful manipulation of POV and voice deepens readers' immersion and connection with the story .       

Principle 6: Dialogue - The v oice of y our c haracters   

Dialogue is a powerful tool for revealing character relationships and advancing the plot. It's the medium through which characters reveal their personalities, motivations, and conflicts. Make your dialogue sound natural by paying attention to speech patterns, interruptions, and nuances.   

Each character should possess a distinctive voice, reflecting their background, emotions, and quirks. Effective dialogue moves the plot forward, adds depth to relationships, and provides insight into characters' inner worlds.    

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Principle 7: Conflict and t ension     

Conflict drives your story forward. Whether internal (within a character's mind) or external (between characters or forces), conflicts create stakes and keep readers invested. Make conflicts meaningful by connecting them to your characters' goals and desires. Tension, on the other hand, keeps readers engaged by evoking curiosity and emotional investment.  

Principle 8: Show, d on't t ell   

"Show, don't tell" is a principle that encourages subtlety and reader engagement. Instead of directly stating emotions or information, show them through actions, behaviours, and sensory details. Allow readers to draw their own conclusions, fostering a deeper connection to the narrative.   

For example, instead of stating, "She was sad," show her wiping away a tear and gazing out the rain-soaked window. This approach not only immerses readers in the story but also invites them to interpret and empathise with the characters' experiences.  

Principle 9: Editing and r evising with p recision   

Your first draft is just the beginning. Editing and revising refine your work into its best version. Editing is not just about correcting grammar; it's about refining your prose to convey your message with clarity and impact. Read your work critically, checking for consistency in tone, pacing, and character development. Trim unnecessary elements and tighten sentences to eliminate any ambiguity. Embrace the art of revision to sculpt your rough draft into a polished masterpiece.  

Principle 10: The p ower of t heme and s ymbolism   

Themes and symbolism add meaning to your writing, inviting readers to explore more profound insights. A theme is your story's central idea or message, while symbolism uses objects, actions, or concepts to represent abstract ideas. By infusing your narrative with meaningful themes and symbolism, you create a tapestry of thought-provoking connections that engage readers on both intellectual and emotional levels. 

Principle 11: Pacing and r hythm   

The rhythm of your writing affects how readers engage with your story. Experiment with sentence lengths and structures to create a natural flow that guides readers seamlessly through the narrative. Vary pacing to match the intensity of the scenes; fast-paced action should have short, punchy sentences, while contemplative moments can benefit from longer, more introspective prose. Mastering rhythm and flow keep readers entranced from start to finish.   

Principle 12: Emotionally r esonant w riting  

The goal of Creative Writing is to evoke emotions in your readers. Develop empathy for your characters and encourage readers to feel alongside them. Tap into your own experiences and emotions to connect with readers on a human level. Emotionally charged writing doesn't just entertain; it leaves a mark on readers' hearts, reminding them of shared experiences and universal truths.  

Principle 13: Atmosphere and m ood   

The atmosphere and mood of a story set the tone for readers' experiences. Through careful selection of words, sentence structures, and descriptive details, you can shape the emotional ambience of your narrative. Whether you're writing an exciting thriller, a magical fantasy, or a serious drama, infuse your writing with an atmosphere that wraps readers in the emotions you want them to feel. 

Conclusion   

The Principles of Creative Writing provide a roadmap for crafting stories that captivate and inspire. These principles allow you to transform your writing from ordinary to extraordinary easily. As you work on becoming a Creative Writer, remember that practice is key. Each principle mentioned here is like a tool in your Writer's toolbox, waiting to be improved and used effectively. 

Elevate your writing skills with our Creative Writing Training . Join today to unleash your creativity!   

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Home > Faculty Book Gallery > 531

Faculty Book Gallery

Elements of Creative Writing

Grant Tracey , University of Northern Iowa Follow Rachel Morgan , University of Northern Iowa Follow Jeremy Schaffenberger , University of Northern Iowa

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Description

This free and open access textbook introduces new writers to some basic elements of the craft of creative writing. The authors—Rachel Morgan, Jeremy Schraffenberger, and Grant Tracey—are editors of the North American Review, the oldest and one of the most well-regarded literary magazines in the United States. We’ve selected nearly all of our readings and examples from writing that has appeared in our pages over the years. Because we had a hand in publishing these pieces originally, our perspective as editors permeates this book. As such, we hope that even seasoned writers might gain insight into the aesthetics of our magazine as we analyze and discuss some reasons we think this work is so remarkable—and therefore teachable. -- Provided by the publisher

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978-0-915996-17-9

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UNI ScholarWorks, Rod Library, University of Northern Iowa

Cedar Falls, IA

Department of Languages and Literatures

• Disciplines

Creative Writing

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Creative commons license.

Recommended Citation

Tracey, Grant; Morgan, Rachel; and Schaffenberger, Jeremy, "Elements of Creative Writing" (2023). Faculty Book Gallery . 531. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/facbook/531

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Creative Writing 101

You love to write and have been told you have a way with words. So you’ve decided to give writing a try—creative writing.

The problem is, you’re finding it tougher than you thought it would be.

You have a great story idea , but you’re not sure how to turn it into something people will read.

Don’t be discouraged—writing a compelling story can be grueling, even for veterans. Conflicting advice online may confuse you and make you want to quit before you start.

But you know more than you think. Stories saturate our lives.

We tell and hear stories every day in music, on television, in video games, in books, in movies, even in conversation.

• What is Creative Writing?

Creative Writing is prose that tells a story featuring someone who wants something.

That person runs into trouble and begins an adventure, a journey, or a quest, faces obstacles, and is ultimately transformed—for the good or for the bad.

While Creative Writing can also educate and/or entertain, but it does its best work when it emotionally moves the reader.

• Elements of Creative Writing

Writing a story is much like building a house.

You may have all the right tools and design ideas, but if your foundation isn’t solid, even the most beautiful structure won’t stand.

Most storytelling experts agree, these 7 key elements must exist in a story.

Plot (more on that below) is what happens in a story. Theme is why it happens.

Before you begin writing, determine why you want to tell your story.

What message do you wish to convey?  What will it teach the reader? 

Resist the urge to explicitly state your theme. Just tell the story, and let it make its own point.

Give your readers credit. Subtly weave your theme into the story and trust them to get it.

They may remember a great plot, but you want them thinking about your theme long after they’ve finished reading.

2. Characters

Every story needs believable characters who feel knowable.

In fiction, your main character is the protagonist, also known as the lead or hero/heroine.

The protagonist must have:

• redeemable flaws
• potentially heroic qualities that emerge in the climax
• a character arc (he must be different, better, stronger by the end)

Resist the temptation to create a perfect lead. Perfect is boring. (Even Indiana Jones suffered a snake phobia.)

You also need an antagonist, the villain , who should be every bit as formidable and compelling as your hero.

Don’t make your bad guy bad just because he’s the bad guy. Make him a worthy foe by giving him motives for his actions.

Villains don’t see themselves as bad. They think they’re right! A fully rounded bad guy is much more realistic and memorable.

Depending on the length of your story , you may also need important orbital cast members.

For each character, ask:

• What do they want?
• What or who is keeping them from getting it?
• What will they do about it?

The more challenges your characters face, the more relatable they are.

Much as in real life, the toughest challenges result in the most transformation.

Setting may include a location, time, or era, but it should also include how things look, smell, taste, feel, and sound.

Thoroughly research details about your setting so it informs your writing, but use those details as seasoning, not the main course. The main course is the story.

But, beware.

Agents and acquisitions editors tell me one of the biggest mistakes beginning writers make is feeling they must begin by describing the setting.

That’s important, don’t get me wrong. But a sure way to put readers to sleep is to promise a thrilling story on the cover—only to start with some variation of:

The house sat in a deep wood surrounded by…

Rather than describing your setting, subtly layer it into the story.

Show readers your setting. Don’t tell them. Description as a separate element slows your story to crawl.

By layering in what things look and feel and sound like you subtly register the setting in the theater of readers’ minds.

While they’re concentrating on the action, the dialogue , the tension , the drama, and conflict that keep them turning the pages, they’re also getting a look and feel for your setting.

4. Point of View

POV is more than which perspective you choose to tell your story: First Person ( I, me ), Second Person ( you, your ), or Third Person ( he, she, or it ).

Determine your perspective (POV) character for each scene—the one who serves as your camera and recorder—by deciding who has the most at stake. Who’s story is this?

The cardinal rule is that you’re limited to one perspective character per scene, but I prefer only one per chapter, and ideally one per novel.

Readers experience everything in your story from this character’s perspective.

For a more in-depth explanation of Voice and POV, read A Writer’s Guide to Point of View .

This is the sequence of events that make up a story —in short, what happens. It either compels your reader to keep turning pages or set the book aside.

A successful story answers:

• What happens? (Plot)
• What does it mean? (Theme: see above)

Writing coaches call various story structures by different names, but they’re all largely similar. All such structures include some variation of:

• An inciting incident that changes everything
• A series of crises that build tension
• A resolution (or conclusion)

How effectively you create drama, intrigue, conflict, and tension, determines whether you can grab readers from the start and keep them to the end.

6. Conflict

This is the engine of fiction and crucial to effective nonfiction as well.

Readers crave conflict and what results from it.

If everything in your plot is going well and everyone is agreeing, you’ll quickly bore your reader—the cardinal sin of writing.

If two characters are chatting amicably and the scene feels flat (which it will), inject conflict. Have one say something that makes the other storm out, revealing a deep-seated rift.

Readers will stay with you to find out what it’s all about.

7. Resolution

Whether you’re an Outliner or a Pantser like me (one who writes by the seat of your pants), you must have an idea where your story is going.

How you expect the story to end should inform every scene and chapter. It may change, evolve, and grow as you and your characters do, but never leave it to chance.

Keep your lead character center stage to the very end. Everything he learns through all the complications you plunged him into should, in the end, allow him to rise to the occasion and succeed.

If you get near the end and something’s missing, don’t rush it. Give your ending a few days, even a few weeks if necessary.

Read through everything you’ve written. Take a long walk. Think about it. Sleep on it. Jot notes. Let your subconscious work. Play what-if games. Reach for the heart, and deliver a satisfying ending that resonates .

Give your readers a payoff for their investment by making it unforgettable.

• 14 Types of Creative Writing 

Novels are fiction by definition. Lengths typically fall between 75,000 to 100,000 words. The author must create a story that can carry an entire book.

Novellas usually run between 10,000 and 40,000 words and typically follow a single character’s point of view. Otherwise, they tend to feature the structural and narrative elements of a full-length novel. Example: Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome.

Short Story

Short stories, including super short micro or flash fiction—which can be as short as just a few words, are usually between a thousand and five thousand words and thus must telescope the creative writing techniques and properties of a novel. This creative writing type gained popularity during the 19th century in literary magazines, and many such magazines still carry short stories.

Narrative Nonfiction

Also known as Creative Nonfiction, this form displays techniques and literary styles such as story and tone to convey emotion in nonfiction narratives. A common example is a personal essay.

Biographies capture the stories of individuals whose lives can provide a lesson to readers.

Autobiography

An autobiography is written by the author, about the author, following a chronological account of their life.

As opposed to an autobiography, a memoir emphasizes takeaway value to the reader and is thus theme-oriented. Readers should be able to see themselves in the anecdotes chosen to show life transformation. Creative writing techniques similar to those in a novel will bring the story to life.

Poets use traditional structures such as rhyme, rhythm, and subject matter to tell their stories. They can also experiment with prose-poetry or free verse.

Song lyrics

Song lyrics are another form of poetry, the aim being to tell a story in the fewest, most evocative words possible.

Speeches require creative writing to keep audiences engaged.

A blog is usually based on the writer’s own life and interests. The best ones tell stories readers relate to and interact with.

Journaling, usually intended for the author’s eyes only, can become, in essence, a creatively written diary.

Screenwriting

Screenwriting is a form of scriptwriting specific to television shows, films, and other visual media. Screenwriting relies heavily on dialogue to tell a story, but not exclusively. The writer must include action and response takes.

Playwriting

Playwriting is a form of scriptwriting specific to theater productions, again relying heavily on dialogue and action. Playwriting also requires stage direction suggestions for lighting, sound, and actors.

• 11 Creative Writing Tips

In How to Write a Novel , I cover each step of the writing process:

Come up with a great story idea .

That may sound obvious, but make sure it’s compelling enough to draw you back to the keyboard every day.

Determine whether you’re an Outliner or a Pantser or a Hybrid.

If you’re an Outliner, you prefer to map out everything before you start writing your novel.

If you’re a Pantser, you write by the seat of your pants, putting, as Stephen King advises, interesting characters in difficult situations and writing to find out what happens.

I cover both types and how to structure a novel here .

And though I’m primarily a Pantser, I never start writing a novel without an idea where I’m going — or think I’m going.

Create an unforgettable main character.

Resist the temptation to create a perfect character, even if it’s a superhero. Main characters must exhibit human flaws to make them relatable.

For more on character development, check out my blog posts Your Ultimate Guide to Character Development: 9 Steps to Creating Memorable Heroes , How to Create a Powerful Character Arc , and Character Motivation: How to Craft Realistic Characters .

Expand your idea into a plot.

Regardless of whether you’re a Panster or an Outliner, you need some semblance of a structure.

Dean Koontz calls this the Classic Story Structure (in his How to Write Best-Selling Fiction ):

• Plunge the main character into terrible trouble
• Everything the character does to get out of trouble makes things worse until…
• All appears hopeless
• The qualities the main character develops trying to fix the trouble make him heroic enough to succeed in the end

Conduct your research.

The best fiction must ironically feel believable.

You must research to add flavor and authenticity.

One caveat : Resist the urge to show off your research by loading your story with every esoteric fact you’ve learned. Add specifics the way you would season food. It enhances the experience, but it’s not the main course.

Choose your Voice and Point of View.

Point of View (POV) is more than simply deciding what voice to use:

First Person ( I, me ), Second Person ( you, your ), or Third Person ( he, she, or it ).

It also involves deciding who will be your perspective character, serving as your story’s camera.

The cardinal rule is one POV character per scene .

For a more in-depth explanation, read my post A Writer’s Guide to Point of View .

Start in medias res (in the midst of things).

Grab the reader by the throat on page one.

Avoid what’s called throat clearing—too much scene setting and description. Get to the good stuff—the guts of the story .

The goal of every sentence, in fact of every word , is to compel the reader to read the next.

Intensify your main character’s problems.

Do not give him a break. Remember, conflict is the engine of fiction.

(For more on conflict, read my post Internal and External Conflict: Tips for Creating Unforgettable Characters )

Your main character’s trouble should escalate with his every attempt to fix it.

Make the predicament appear hopeless.

You’ll be tempted to give your protagonist a break, invent an escape, or inject a miracle. Don’t do it!

This darkest, bleakest moment forces your hero to use every new skill and muscle gained through battling those obstacles.

The more hopeless the situation appears, the more powerful your climax will be.

Bring it all to a climax.

This is where your hero faces his toughest test yet. The stakes must be dire, the prospect of failure catastrophic.

The tension that has been building throughout crescendos during an ultimate confrontation, and all the major book-length setups are paid off.

Note: the climax is not the end. The real conclusion ties up loose ends and puts the journey into perspective.

Leave readers wholly satisfied.

A great ending :

• Honors the reader for his investment of time and money.
• Aims for the heart.
• Keeps your hero on stage till the last word.

Don’t rush it.

A fully satisfying ending drops the curtain with a resounding thud.

• More to Think About

1. Carry a writing pad, electronic or otherwise. I like the Moleskine™ notebook . 

Ideas can come at any moment. Record ideas for:

• Anything that might expand your story

2. Start small. 

Take time to learn the craft and hone your skills on smaller projects before attempting to write a book . A book is not where you start; it’s where you arrive.

Journal. Write a newsletter. Start a blog. Write short stories . Submit articles to magazines, newspapers, or e-zines.

Take a night school or online course in journalism or creative writing. Attend a writers conference.

3. Keep perfectionism in its place. 

Reserve it for the editing and revision stage.

While writing, take off that perfectionist cap and just get the story down. At that stage, perfectionism is the enemy of progress.

• Time to Get to Work

Few pleasures in life compare to getting lost in a great story.

Learn how to write creatively, and the characters you birth have the potential to live in readers’ hearts for years.

Are You Making This #1 Amateur Writing Mistake?

Faith-Based Words and Phrases

What You and I Can Learn From Patricia Raybon

Before you go, be sure to grab my FREE guide:

How to Write a Book: Everything You Need to Know in 20 Steps

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What Are The Elements Of Creative Writing?

• by Derek Bruce
• August 9, 2022 January 7, 2023

Table of Contents

How to define creative writing

Creative writing is a process that involves writing to bring into being something that has never existed before. It is the act of producing something new.

Key takeaways about the literary devices in elements of creative writing

In all creative fiction the main character is crucial to the narrative structure , particularly strong if the first person is used. Creative nonfiction may or may not have a main character or hero. Either form could be in first or third person.

A common point between all forms of writing whether a personal essay or other creative work is the central theme . Fixing the them in place is the first step of a good creative writing course and is one of the basic creative writing techniques.

Other story elements work within the theme and setting to form the narrative craft designed to hold the attention of the target audience .

Any form of writing requires good grammar and basic writing skills, as well as good plot development and a logical sequence of events. Academic writing doesn’t need this and deals in the clear presentation of facts or the results of research papers .

An important literary element in all fictional worlds is rising and falling action, perhaps the story climax being the most important element of creative writing . Out of all the literary elements, a satisfying conclusion to a novel becomes a part of the reader’s personal experience and stays with them for a long time.

How do you do creative writing?

Creative writers work with ideas and imagination, with words made up on the spot.

Creative writing can be just as elaborate as creating an entire world for your story — but at it’s most basic level, creative writing involves creating characters and background settings to tell a simple story.

A well-structured creative writing work is made up of different elements. These elements determine the quality of the work and helps readers understand what is going on in a story. It is important to keep these elements in mind when writing your creative writing work .

Creative writing is a written work composed of several main elements for creating strong story structure.

• Plot is the series of events.
• Characters react to each other and plot events.
• Characterization is how the characters are created to be realistic and authentic
• Setting is where the events are mostly taking place.
• Theme is the overall message the author wants to relate.

Video – Elements of creative writing

What are the main elements of creative writing?

Below are defining points about each element, as well as examples from some famous novels.

Plot – This is a summary of events that happen in a work. It reveals the main problem, who caused it, and details about how it may be resolved. A good plot will essentially have three parts.

Setting – A setting is where a work takes place. It is the background on which the characters are played out.

Setting shows us more about characters than it does about setting itself, because while some fiction might be set in New York City while others might be set in the Sahara desert, both stories have specific settings that help create an atmosphere or tone for the authors’ ideas.

Characters – Characters are people who appear in a work of literature or art. Characters must be able to act and think like humans, even if they are animals or mythical creatures like giants or dragons.

Characterization – Characterization is the process of making something appear real, such as a character who exists in a book or play.

Once the reader or audience can identify with a character, they are able to relate to that character. It is important to understand the broader outline of the text before you get too deep into writing.

Voice – Voice refers to whether a character is unique and unique in what they express, how they express it, and what this expression represents in their uniqueness.

Voice is a key element when creating a creative writing work because it makes the work different from other ones.

If characters in a piece of writing all express the same thing, it will sound either boring or monotonous. For this reason, you should make each character’s voice different and unique.

Theme – The theme is the central idea of a work of literature or art. It is an underlying feeling that unites the many parts of the work, and runs throughout it.

The theme may be moralistic (for example, “Greed is evil”) or it may be simply that beauty needs to be preserved through action (for example, “Beauty can’t survive alone”).

The Elements of Creative Writing

What creative writing means?

Creative writing is used to describe the act of writing something that has never been written before. It is the process of producing something new from imagination and thought, not solely from words made up on the spot .

Creative writers work with ideas and imagination, not words made up on the spot. Creative writing can be done either in a very detailed way or in a broad way.

A well-structured creative writing work is made up of different elements, which help readers understand what is going on in a story or how it’s being told.

What does creative writing mean?

What is creative writing and its purpose?

Creative writing is a form of written expression used by people to reveal their thoughts and feelings .

This is why creative writing includes more than just penning down thoughts. It involves thinking about different ways to make the story memorable, which means you should also think about your character’s voice and how that voice should sound like.

What kind of words should they use? Where do these words come from?

These are all aspects that should be considered when creating a story rather than just blindly spilling out the first thing that comes to mind when you start working on your creative piece.

What is an example of creative writing?

In the story, “The Awakening” by Kate Chopin, Edna Pontellier is a woman who is completely dissatisfied with her life. She married and had two children and became a housewife and she does not like what life has become.

As the story goes on, Edna starts to realize that she can do whatever she wants with her life, but feels constrained by social conventions.

This revelation occurs when Edna starts taking tea in the mornings at Madame Valmonde’s plantation while their conversation turns to relationships between men and women in marriage.

Edna speaks up during this conversation: “And women cease to be women,” said Mrs. Pontellier; “they seem like eunuchs.” “No,” replied Madame Valmonde, “they seem like angels.”

Edna feels like she becomes an entirely different person. She is slowly becoming suicidal throughout this story. Edna Pontellier is her creative writing name that she uses to try to be independent and break the social conventions that bind her.

However, when Madame Valmonde looks at Edna, she sees an angelic apparition because of all the flowered vines that entangle Edna’s body while sitting in the window of her bedroom.

The Higher Purpose of Creative Writing

What are the 4 forms of creative writing?

• Poetry: a form of creative writing that uses rhythms and rhyme to create patterns and create meaning.
• Short Story: a short work of prose fiction with a plot driven by incident and dialogue.
• Novels: extensive, extended fictional narratives that can be divided into subgenres such as science fiction, dystopian novels, magical realism novels, etc.
• Essays are written in response to particular events or ideas.

4 Different Forms of Creative Writing

How do I start creative writing?

In order for you to start creative writing , you need to break from the normal perspective on life. It is essential that you stop seeing things as they are and start seeing them as they could be or as they should be.

In order to create a successful creative piece, it is also essential that your reader can understand your work on their own terms.

One way of doing this is through symbolism, which can help illustrate a more complex meaning behind what you are trying to say. It gives a sense of completeness by providing a familiar image or scene in the work.

8 Tips for Getting Started With Creative Writing

How can I improve my creative writing skills?

The first tip for how to improve your creative writing skills is to get feedback about your writing. This can be done by writing a draft and asking two friends, family members, or coworkers to review it before moving on with their revisions.

Another way of getting feedback that can help you improve is by joining a writers’ group. A writer’s group that provides input and even critiques for people’s pieces could give you great insight and suggestions on how to perfect your work.

What are some techniques in creative writing?

In creative writing, you will learn how to describe a scene in a way that will captivate the reader and make them feel like they are a part of the story.

There are different techniques for this that can be used when writing a scene from your story.

Description is one of the most important or prominent techniques that can be applied when describing a scene from your story. In order for your reader to get a vivid image of what you want them to see, you have to use specific wording and descriptive vocabulary words.

Descriptive words help paint a picture of what you want them to see in the mind’s eye.

What are the techniques used in creative writing?

What makes a good creative writer?

A good creative writer is someone who can stir up emotions and create conflicts within the story. A good creative writer is the one who can bring an imaginary world alive and make it seem like its happening right in front of you.

A good creative writer also has to be able to balance out contradictions, such as an interesting scene but not enough dialogue between characters.

What skills do you need to be a creative writer?

Being a good creative writer is difficult. There are many challenges that you will have to face in order to become a better creative writer . One of the challenges is overcoming fear.

Reading through your entire story and not being afraid to change it when it feels awkward can also help improve your skill as you go along.

You can even find editing classes in your area so that you can get feedback on how to improve your writing skills with examples, including writing exercises and critiques with guidance on where to improve your piece which is why finding assistance through an editing class is crucial if you hope to become a better writer sooner.

Creative Writing Skills: Do You Have Them All?

Why creative writing is important?

Creative writing is important because it helps people get to know themselves and their emotions , whether it be happiness or fear. Creative writing is an outlet for different thoughts and stories that need to be told, while also providing a new perspective on life.

Creative writing helps people open up to their emotions and share them with others in a way that they don’t normally do. It can allow them to live out some of the fantasies that they would like but may not feel comfortable with doing in real life. This is why creative writing is so therapeutic and can help people of all ages.

What are 7 elements of creative writing?

• Character Development
• Mood of Novel or Poem
• Style of Writing/Language/Dialects used in the Piece, etc.

What are the four main elements of creative writing?

The four main elements of creative writing are plot, characters, setting and tone. There are many more elements that can be considered and some of the other main ones include characterization and characterization development, mood and style.

4 Elements of Great Short Stories

What is the purpose of a creative writing?

Creative writing can be used in many different ways, but it has one common goal: to express an individual’s thoughts and feelings in a way that is understandable to readers.

Creative writing can be used in any kind of writing, from novels to essays. It can help people feel more connected with others and with themselves. It can also help people share their feelings in a way that they don’t normally do.

Creative writers need to have their own style in order for them to express themselves properly without being too stiff or copy-pasting something they have heard on TV or heard on the radio.

What is the most important element in creative writing?

The most important element of creative writing is the mood. The mood is an elusive concept, but it’s important because it can change the way a piece comes across to readers. This includes the tone of a story and language used in a piece.

One thing that will make a piece more interesting would be if it contains a plot twist or has many twists throughout the narrative.

How many types of creative writing are there?

There are many types of creative writing . One type is poetry, which sometimes has strict rules for how to write it in order to make it easier to read.

Poetry is based on using images and sounds in order to evoke certain feelings or reactions in readers. Another type of writing that can be classified as creative writing would be a prose poem , which also uses imagery and sound effects but doesn’t follow any particular rules other than being a poem.

Creative writing can also be used for plays or movies because it helps the writer get into the character’s head and feel what they’re feeling, which can then transfer from reader to reader who might have a similar experience because the writer was able to successfully convey their thoughts onto paper.

What do you think is the essential element of creative writing?

What is rhetoric triangle?

A rhetorical triangle is a great way for people to learn how to present an argument in an effective manner. Presenting an argument is one of the first steps in thinking more critically about something, and this triangle provides three points on which the speaker can base their argument.

The three points are ethos, logos, and pathos.

Ethos goes after the credibility of the speaker or writer. This would be what kind of person they are professionally or personally that makes them qualified to speak about this subject.

Ethos helps establish some authority granted by their expertise, but it needs to be backed up with good evidence for things like experience or prior work history. This would also include credibility coming from other people who can vouch for him or her in the situation.

Credibility with logos is based on the logical argument that can be found, which helps to show why something is believable.

This is with good evidence for things like research, statistical data, or other documents used in an argument for why someone might believe in a certain idea or claim.

Logos is based on the logic in the argument. This would be what kind of reasoning someone uses when they are trying to prove something in order to get people to agree with their argument more easily.

This might include things like common sense, but it also has some more technical aspects of things like numbers or facts that could help support an idea or claim that needs some evidence before it can be believed.

Pathos would be based on the emotions and feelings in and outside of the argument that are brought up in support for it. This is when someone is using their own emotions or thoughts in order to get other people to agree with them.

Emotions like love , compassion, and passion help persuade someone when they can use these kinds of feelings to make an argument more convincing, but they will also lose credibility if there isn’t any evidence to back them up.

Understanding and Using Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

What are the 4 types of discourse?

There are four types of discourse: written, spoken, improvised, and broadcast. It is important to consider the type of discourse for different situations.

Written discourse is usually linear and has completed its point before continuing on to the next point.

This type of discourse can be considered more formal than other types because it follows the conventions of written language , which are typically more restrictive than spoken language’s conventions.

However, people can still use creative techniques in this form so that it engages readers without interrupting the flow of information. A trained writer might use punctuation or numbers to break up their argument into coherent parts with clear structure and logical progression between them.

Other forms used in written prose include dialogue or direct speech that must be distinguished from reports of speech which do not include speakers.

Spoken discourse is usually more fluid and can flow easily from one point to the next without a lot of transition. It also tends to use a more informal dialect with less structure and more irregularities in syntax.

This can sometimes cause problems in delivery. In addition, it is influenced by factors such as the setting of the discourse, the cultural context in which it takes place, and features of speakers or listeners that may affect how it is delivered or received.

Speakers may also use gestures that add meaning to their words, for instance when a politician points his finger at an audience during a speech to emphasize a point he is trying to make.

What are examples of narration?

Narrations generally use a first-person point of view and can be considered third-person narration . They might also be called stories or tales. It is also possible for narrations to take place in the past, present, or future.

The narration’s author may use a variety of writing styles and prose forms such as poetry, memoirs, literature or film scripts to narrate an event or story. Narration is generally considered a creative writing technique.

A Guide to All Types of Narration, With Examples

Resources relating to elements of creative writing:

The elements of creative writing – newberry library, essential elements of creative writing, what are the main elements of creative writing, how to get started with creative writing.

In conclusion, creative writing is the process of producing something new through writing and involves several key elements, including plot, setting, characters, characterization, voice, point of view, and theme.

These elements work together to create a strong story structure and engage the reader’s attention. It is important to pay attention to these elements and to have a clear understanding of the broader outline of the text before beginning the writing process.

Good grammar, basic writing skills, and a logical sequence of events are also important in creative writing, as is a satisfying conclusion that stays with the reader.

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• What are the main elements of creative writing?
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As the name implies, creative writing is a type of writing that extends beyond the traditional boundaries of normal, professional, academic, or technical writing.

Instead, it encompasses a wide range of genres and styles in both fiction and nonfiction writing, including storytelling, playwriting, poetry, prose, journalism, and more.

Read:  List of top 10 Online Dictionaries for Writers.

Though the definition is somewhat ambiguous, creative writing is generally defined as any type of writing that is original and expressive of oneself. It is usually distinguished by an emphasis on narrative craft, with an emphasis on elements such as character development, narrative, and plot, infusing its structure with imagination, invention, and story.

In this sense, creative writing can be defined as any writing of contemporary, original composition that is not bound by standard conventions and employs a wide range of elements in its craft. 

In an academic setting, creative writing classes are usually divided into fiction, poetry, or scriptwriting, with a focus on writing in an original style that is not defined by pre-existing structures and genres.

Here’s the list of top 9 elements of creative writing-

• Point of views

• Character

Characters  are essential in creative writing. While it is possible to write a book creatively in the second person, you must still develop the character in order to tell the story. Character development is the discovery of who a character is and how they change throughout the course of your story. Readers should be able to fully comprehend your main characters from beginning to end.

Characters are either round or flat, or dynamic or static.

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Flat characters are two-dimensional in the sense that they are simple. Round characters, on the other hand, are multifaceted beings with many diverse traits that evolve, sometimes to the surprise of the reader.

Dynamic characters  fluctuate during the plot, whereas static characters remain the same throughout.

• Dialogues

Your characters can only be explained to an extent – to make your story more dynamic, the need of  dialogues  is abundant.  Dialogues  help people know the varieties of emotion in which the writer would convey certain sentences through a dialogues; also, it sets the characters’ personalities strongly.

• Narration

The  narration  helps you understand what all is happening together. Writing the scenes itself, the flesh of the world you’re building, is another important aspect of fiction writing.

Knowing what needs to be communicated is one of the most crucial writing methods in this. What are the folks wearing, and where are they from? What information does your target audience require? What can you omit without causing harm? A lot of unnecessary information slows down the pace of your piece.

The literary element setting involves the historical moment in time and geographic area in which a story takes place, and it helps create the main backdrop and mood for a story.  Setting  has been referred to as narrative world or milieu to incorporate a backdrop (particularly society) outside of the story’s immediate surroundings.  Setting elements  may include culture, historical period, location, and time. Setting, along with story, character, topic, and style, is regarded as a key component of fiction.

• Structure

Will you compose an ode or a sonnet, a ballad, a novel, a short tale, or a limerick? And, once you’ve made that decision, how do you deal with the particularities of these forms? Furthermore, how and why did you make that decision? The spacing, paragraph, or verse  structure  all contribute to the reader’s aesthetic experience. The  structure of your text  is the font play to display emphasis, distinct elements, or changes in different features.

Creating  conflict  is the cornerstone to effective narrative. The  conflict in a story  is established by the writer soon after the main character is introduced. Conflict is the catalyst for action and the beginning of a story. Every writer should understand how to create interesting conflict.

Read:  Sahitya Akademi Award: History, Nomination Process, History.

You can use six different sorts of conflict to move your story:

• Character vs. self
• Character vs. character
• Character vs. society
• Character vs. supernatural
• Character vs. technology
• Character vs. nature

What distinguishes creative writing from other types of writing is that the former always includes a  plot  of some kind – and a distinctive one. Yes, remakes are called  creative writing ; but, the majority of creative writers build their own plot based on their own unique ideas. There is no story without a storyline.

• Point of Views

You can express yourself in a variety of ways. However, the two most prevalent in creative writing are first person and third person.

• First Person – The narrator is the major character in this  point of view . This means that you will read sections beginning with “I” and recognize that the primary character is narrating the story.
• Second Person – This point of view is most typically employed in educational writing, such as this blog post, rather than creative writing. It’s  second person point of view  when you see the word “you” and the narrator is speaking directly to you.
• Third Person – There are several versions of this  point of view . Third person limited, third person many, and third person omniscient are all options. The first is commonly encountered. When speaking about the character you’re following, the narrator in third person limited uses “he/she/they.” Nobody else knows that character’s inner thoughts and feelings. It’s similar to first person, but instead of the character delivering the story, a narrator does. Third person multiple is similar to limited in that the narrator now knows various characters’ inner thoughts and feelings. The last form, third person omniscient, occurs when the narrator continues to use “he/she/they” but has complete knowledge. They know everything there is to know about everyone.

While non-creative writing can include conversation (as in interviews), it is not employed in the same manner that creative writing does. Aside from silent films, creative writing requires language to reinforce the tale.

A  theme  is the central topic of a piece in contemporary literary studies. The most popular modern definition of theme is an idea or point fundamental to a story that can often be summed up in a single word (e.g. love, death, betrayal). A story can have multiple themes.  Themes , which are usually inferred rather than addressed openly, frequently examine historically widespread or cross-culturally recognizable topics, such as ethical problems.

Read:  List of Most Prestigious Literary Awards in 2022

These elements are the soul of your story. Keeping them all in will help you create an enigmatic and alluring story that compels the readers to read your book.

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If you’re looking to inspire your students’ writing and creativity, turn to these fun and exciting writing prompts. Perfect for overcoming writer’s block or even starting a brand-new short story in a different narrative, creative writing prompts can help students begin a new piece with confidence.

Plus, these story starters can also encourage students to explore different genres while honing their writing skills. There are a lot of ways you can use writing prompts in your classroom. Try: 

Reading a book in a genre, then having students use a story starter in that same genre. 

Starting off class with 10 minutes of writing, using one of the prompts below. If you'd like, you can ask a volunteer to share their story! Students may be surprised by the variety of stories that are written based on the same prompt. 

Using these prompts as an introduction to a creative writing unit. 

Providing fast finishers with a way to stay busy — and have fun. 

Using story starters to encourage students to write at home.

Adventure Story Starters 

Take inspiration from classics like Treasure Island and newer popular series like The Bad Guys to explore how to write thrilling adventure stories. And to encourage students to begin writing their own adventure-focused stories, share these creative story starters: 

You’re part of a pirate crew in search of a long-lost storied treasure trove. What is happening on the ship and where do you find the treasure? 

You get the chance to use a time machine to meet one historical figure of your choice. Who do you go meet, and what will you do to explore that time period?

You receive a fortune in a fortune cookie that changes the course of your life. What does the fortune say, and what happens when it comes true?

Get students excited about adventure stories with these great books: 

Fantasy Story Starters 

Have fans of dragons, unicorns, wizards, and other mythical creatures in class? Encourage them to give fantasy writing a shot. 

You’re on a quest through a hidden underground world that no one else has ever seen. What magical creatures do you come across? What do they look like, and how do they act? 

There is a witch who lives in a nearby legendary haunted house. She puts a hex on you that needed to be broken by the time the clock struck midnight the next night. What kind of hex is it, and how do you break it? 

You stumble into an enchanted forest. How did you find it, and what do you discover in it?

Check out these fun fantasy titles for more inspiration:

Sci-Fi Story Starters 

Kids interested in STEM concepts will love science fiction! Try these prompts to see how your students combine science with their wildest imaginations. 

• You’re the first person to ever set foot on Mars. What is it like? What do you explore first? 
• You and your friend have the same dream in the middle of the night about a prophecy that involves another dimension. What is the prophecy, and what is this other dimension? What do you and your friend have to do to reach and alter this dimension?
• After NASA discovers a whole new world of giants in a nearby nebula, they send a team of scientists through a wormhole to study them. You are one of the scientists on board. What does the journey feel like? What do the giants look like in this world? 

Plus, find great kid-friendly sci-fi here:

Genre Scrambler Story Starters 

Have some fun with genre studies by combining them! Try these prompts to get started:

• You are on an expedition in the Arctic and discover a new species of animals living in the harsh climate that no one has ever seen before. What kind of species is it, and what characteristics do they have? 
• You’re walking home from school and notice that the front door of a neighbor’s house is wide open, and no one is in sight. The old man who normally lives there is nowhere to be found. Curious, you go into the house and find that everything is fake: the furniture, the food, the technology, etc. In fact, the whole property is made of plastic, even the grass and trees! What happened to the old man who lives here? Why does this house exist, and why is everything fake? 
• You are a child living in the early 1800s in an unnamed country when an asteroid hits, releasing aliens that want to make contact with your leaders. What do these aliens want? How does everyone react?

Shop popular books of all genres that will inspire young writers below! You can find all books and activities at The Teacher Store .

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5 High-Impact Writing Strategies for the Elementary Grades

Simple, effective exercises can help elementary students develop the foundational writing skills they need for their academic journey.

When considering writing as part of the instructional day, teachers may think only of the type of writing where students engage in storytelling or informational pieces. While the ability to leverage student choice and produce fiction and nonfiction text is beneficial for all grade levels, it’s important to consider how writing can be incorporated and layered across all content areas, as well as develop the deep foundational understanding to prepare young writers for authoring texts.

For us as teachers, it’s vital that we share a common language and understanding about the types of high-impact writing strategies that students can engage in and how to effectively implement them in the classroom. 

1. Handwriting in the Early Grades

In the digital age, prioritizing handwriting education during phonics instruction remains instrumental in nurturing well-rounded learners and sets them up for success when more stamina is required of them. The tactile experience of handwriting establishes a profound connection between language and sensory perception, contributing increased cognitive development .

Teachers can adopt a common path of movement language (language used to describe how to form the letters) when teaching the letters. In addition to that, providing students with multisensory ways of forming the letters helps create a strong understanding of the letters’ features.

A practical example of this type of instruction is having students trace a lowercase a in a tray full of salt, repeating the path of movement language, “over, around, down.” Then, students practice writing the letter using a pencil or dry erase marker. As the teacher models the directionality, it’s important to ensure that students know what “over,” “around,” and “down” mean and look like and that the teacher is using on-the-spot intervention for correction.

2. Dictated Sentences

Utilizing dictated sentences in elementary phonics instruction holds profound importance in nurturing early literacy skills. This strategy serves as a powerful bridge between decoding individual phonemes and comprehending them within a meaningful context. 

For example, in a phonics lesson where students are practicing decoding and spelling words with a short i vowel and have practiced reading the high-frequency words they and the , the teacher may end the lesson with students writing the dictated sentence, ”They will fill the big bin with wigs.”

This method encourages the application of phonics knowledge in real-word scenarios, promoting fluency and automaticity. In addition, dictated sentences provide a valuable opportunity for students to hone their listening skills, enhancing their ability to discern and reproduce distinct phonetic elements accurately and to authentically apply irregularly spelled high-frequency words in context. This practice benefits students of any grade level working on phonics skills.

3. Writing to Read

Another foundational type of writing that prepares students for more demanding types of writing in later grades is writing to read. This is an interactive approach to early writing instruction where the teacher models early literacy and print concepts starting as early as prekindergarten through early kindergarten. Through collaboration with the students, the teacher models drawing pictures and sentence creation.

Teachers can start by engaging students in a conversation around an event in a book or nursery rhyme they read together. Then, the teacher offers a prompt: “In the story, the characters went to play at the park. That gives me an idea for a story. What kinds of things do you like to do at the park?” Students can share multiple ideas for the story, and the teacher chooses one to model. 

While the teacher explicitly models drawing and develops a sentence about the drawing, the students offer ideas on where to start writing, count the words in the story, identify the sounds they hear as the teacher spells out each word, and notice where spaces will occur. The more that students engage in this type of instruction, the more responsibility we can hand over to them, and they can write the story along with us. As students are given more opportunities to apply early writing principles and rereading strategies, they begin to understand the reciprocal relationship between reading and writing.

4. Reading to Write

When the foundations for early writing have been established, students can quickly move into another layer of high-impact writing, which is writing about the texts that they’re reading. 

Even starting in kindergarten, encouraging students to write and/or draw in response to reading across multiple content areas is a valuable strategy that helps deepen comprehension and understanding of a particular topic, as explored in Linda J. Dorn and Carla Soffos’s book Teaching for Deep Comprehension .

These “writing about the reading” prompts require students to analyze, synthesize, and connect ideas, fostering a deeper understanding of the material. For example, if first-grade students are working on story elements, after reading a story, a student might write, “The character in the story is a bear who lives in the forest. The problem in the story is that he is sad, but he solves his problem when he learns to be happy.” 

This expression encapsulates comprehension, language reinforcement, and academic vocabulary. As students progress through grade levels upward to 12th grade, the scaffold of giving the students a prompt for writing about the text should decrease as they develop enough self-regulation to write about their own thinking.

5. Writing About Learning

Similar to reading to write, this strategy is solely focused on writing about what the student has learned, why the learning is important, and when to use the learning. This type of writing can happen as early as kindergarten, but in a highly scaffolded manner that mostly focuses on articulating why the learning is important.

Students up to 12th grade can benefit from writing about their learning because it keeps the purpose of what they’re learning in various content areas relevant and promotes quick retrieval of the information.

This strategy also promotes metacognition , because it helps learners organize their thoughts and reflect on their learning process. For instance, a second-grade class could collaboratively study the nature of bees in a nonfiction text. Then, because the teacher focuses on the skill of identifying and explaining main ideas and details, a student may write, “I learned the main idea by using headings and key details. Knowing main ideas helps us understand the most important information in a text.”