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Origin of bibliography
Other words from bibliography, words nearby bibliography, words related to bibliography, how to use bibliography in a sentence.
He’s toyed with Collatz for about fifty years and become keeper of the knowledge, compiling annotated bibliographies and editing a book on the subject, “The Ultimate Challenge.”
Some readers might prefer more background science for each question — for a book that aims to crush pseudoscience, a bibliography or at least footnotes would have been useful.
Kalb makes the disclaimer in his preface that “memoirs, by definition, are not works of history — no footnotes, no bibliography .”
Otlet began modestly in the 1890s, creating a bibliography of sociological literature.
Lop off the endnotes and bibliography , and The Measure of Manhattan is barely 300 pages.
Tyler does not provide us with a bibliography , although his extensive notes include many books on Israel and its neighbors.
For full bibliography (to 1904) see Ulysse Chevalier, Rpertoire des sources hist.
Punctuation has been normalized for the stage directions and the play listings in the Bibliography .
Within six months, if you're not sandbagged or jailed on fake libel suits, you'll have a unique bibliography of swindles.
There is a very inadequate bibliography in the Introduction.
His ample bibliography leaves no point necessary for elucidation untouched.
British Dictionary definitions for bibliography
- the study of the history, classification, etc, of literary material
- a work on this subject
Derived forms of bibliography
Cultural definitions for bibliography.
A list of the written sources of information on a subject. Bibliographies generally appear as a list at the end of a book or article. They may show what works the author used in writing the article or book, or they may list works that a reader might find useful.

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Meaning of bibliography in English
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bibliography noun ( LIST OF BOOKS )
- She has included a bibliography so that readers can refer to the primary sources .
- The extensive bibliography provides ample guidance for readers who want to make a deeper study of the subject .
- Most books on art materials and techniques also include excellent bibliographies for further reading .
- The center has compiled a bibliography of scientific research on meditation .
- The authors provide bibliographies of the poets ' works and lists of useful , up-to-date anthologies and criticism .
- acknowledgment
- acknowledgments phrase
- bibliographic
- bibliographically
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bibliography noun ( STUDY OF BOOKS )
- He cataloged books for the booksellers Pearson & Co. and was a professor of bibliography at Cambridge University.
- In the early 1930s he turned his attention toward bibliography, and became a professor of librarianship.
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How to Write a Bibliography, With Examples

You spent the past six hours grinding out your latest paper, but finally, it’s finished. It’s late, you’re exhausted, and all you want to do is click “Submit Assignment” and then get some sleep.
Not so fast. If your paper doesn’t have a properly formatted bibliography, it’s not finished.
A bibliography is a list of all the sources you consulted while writing your paper. Every book, article, and even video you used to gather information for your paper needs to be cited in your bibliography so your instructor (and any others reading your work) can trace the facts, statistics, and insights back to their original sources.
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What is the purpose of a bibliography?
A bibliography is the list of sources a work’s author used to create the work. It accompanies just about every type of academic writing , like essays , research papers , and reports . You might also find a brief, less formal bibliography at the end of a journalistic piece, presentation, or video when the author feels it’s necessary to cite their sources . In nearly all academic instances, a bibliography is required. Not including a bibliography (or including an incomplete, incorrect, or falsified bibliography) can be considered an act of plagiarism , which can lead to a failing grade, being dropped from your course or program, and even being suspended or expelled from your school.
A bibliography accomplishes a few things. These include:
- Showing your instructor that you conducted the necessary research for your assignment
- Crediting your sources’ authors for the research they conducted
- Making it easy for anybody who reads your work to find the sources you used and conduct their own research on the same or a similar topic
Additionally, future historians consulting your writing can use your bibliography to identify primary and secondary sources in your research field. Documenting the course information from its original source through later academic works can help researchers understand how that information has been cited and interpreted over time. It can also help them review the information in the face of competing—and possibly contradictory or revisionary—data.
In nearly all cases, a bibliography is found at the end of a book or paper.
What are the different kinds of bibliographies?
Different types of academic works call for different types of bibliographies. For example, your computer science professor might require you to submit an annotated bibliography along with your paper because this type of bibliography explains the why behind each source you chose to consult.
Analytical bibliography
An analytical bibliography documents a work’s journey from manuscript to published book or article. This type of bibliography includes the physical characteristics of each cited source, like each work’s number of pages, type of binding used, and illustrations.
Annotated bibliography
An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that includes annotations, which are short notes explaining why the author chose each of the sources. Generally a few sentences long, these notes might summarize or reflect on the source.
An annotated bibliography is not the same as a literature review . While a literature review discusses how you conducted your research and how your work fits into the overall body of established research in your field, an annotated bibliography simply explains how each source you used is relevant to your work.
Enumerative bibliography
An enumerative bibliography is the most basic type of bibliography. It’s a list of sources used to conduct research, often ordered according to specific characteristics, like alphabetically by authors’ last names or grouped according to topic or language.
Specific types of enumerative bibliographies used for research works include:
National bibliography
A national bibliography groups sources published in a specific region or nation. In many cases, these bibliographies also group works according to the time period during which they were published.
Personal bibliography
A personal bibliography lists multiple works by the same individual author or group of authors. Often, personal bibliographies include works that would be difficult to find elsewhere, like unpublished works.
Corporate bibliography
In a corporate bibliography, the sources are grouped according to their relation to a specific organization. The sources can be about an organization, published by that organization, or owned by that organization.
Subject bibliography
Subject bibliographies group works according to the subjects they cover. Generally, these bibliographies list primary and secondary sources, whereas other types of enumerative bibliographies, like personal bibliographies, might not.
Other types of bibliographies
In some cases, it makes sense to use a bibliography format other than those listed here. These include:
Single-author bibliography
This type of bibliography lists works by a single author. With certain assignments, like an essay comparing two of an author’s books, your bibliography is a single-author bibliography by default. In this case, you can choose how to order the sources, such as by publication date or alphabetically by title.
Selected bibliography
A selected bibliography is a bibliography that only lists some of the sources you consulted. Usually, these are the most important sources for your work. You might write a selected bibliography if you consulted a variety of minor sources that you didn’t end up citing directly in your work. A selected bibliography may also be an annotated bibliography.
How is a bibliography structured?
Although each style guide has its own formatting rules for bibliographies, all bibliographies follow a similar structure. Key points to keep in mind when you’re structuring a bibliography include:
- Every bibliography page has a header. Format this header according to the style guide you’re using.
- Every bibliography has a title, such as “Works Cited,” “References,” or simply “Bibliography.”
- Bibliographies are lists. List your sources alphabetically according to their authors’ last names or their titles—whichever is applicable according to the style guide you’re using. The exception is a single-author bibliography or one that groups sources according to a shared characteristic.
- Bibliographies are double-spaced.
- Bibliographies should be in legible fonts, typically the same font as the papers they accompany.
As noted above, different kinds of assignments require different kinds of bibliographies. For example, you might write an analytical bibliography for your art history paper because this type of bibliography gives you space to discuss how the construction methods used for your sources inform their content and vice-versa. If you aren’t sure which kind of bibliography to write, ask your instructor.
How do you write a bibliography?
The term “bibliography” is a catch-all for any list of sources cited at the end of an academic work. Certain style guides use different terminology to refer to bibliographies. For example, MLA format refers to a paper’s bibliography as its Works Cited page. APA refers to it as the References page. No matter which style guide you’re using, the process for writing a bibliography is generally the same. The primary difference between the different style guides is how the bibliography is formatted.
The first step in writing a bibliography is organizing all the relevant information about the sources you used in your research. Relevant information about a source can vary according to the type of media it is, the type of bibliography you’re writing, and your style guide. Determine which information you need to include about each source by consulting the style guide you’re using. If you aren’t sure what to include, or if you’re not sure which style guide to use, ask your instructor.
The next step is to format your sources according to the style guide you’re using. MLA , APA , and the Chicago Manual of Style are three of the most commonly used style guides in academic writing.
MLA Works Cited page
In MLA format , the bibliography is known as the Works Cited page. MLA is typically used for writing in the humanities, like English and History. Because of this, it includes guidelines for citing sources like plays, videos , and works of visual art —sources you’d find yourself consulting for these courses, but probably not in your science and business courses.
In MLA format, books are cited like this:
If the cited book was published prior to 1900, is from a publisher with offices in multiple countries, or is from a publisher that is largely unknown in the US, include the book’s city of publication. Otherwise, this can be left out.
Scholarly articles are cited in this format:
- Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages.
APA References page
In APA format —the format typically used in psychology, nursing, business, and the social sciences—the bibliography page is titled References. This format includes citation instructions for technical papers and data-heavy research, the types of sources you’re likely to consult for academic writing in these fields.
In APA format, books are cited like this:
Digital object identifier (DOI).
(issue number) , article’s page range (i.e., 10-15). URL.
Chicago Manual of Style
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS) permits authors to format bibliographies in two different ways: the notes and bibliography system and the author-date system. The former is generally used in the humanities, whereas the latter is usually used in the sciences and social sciences.
Both systems include guidelines for citations on a paper’s body pages as well as a bibliographic list that follows the paper. This list is titled Bibliography.
In CMoS, books are cited like this:
publication.
number (year published): page numbers of the article (i.e., 10-15).
Bibliography FAQs
What is a bibliography.
A bibliography is the list of sources a work’s author used to create the work.
What are the different kinds of bibliographies?
There are many different kinds of bibliographies. These include:
- Enumerative bibliographies
- Annotated bibliographies
- Analytical bibliographies
How do you write a bibliography for different style guides?
Each style guide publishes its bibliography guidelines online. Locate the guidelines for the style guide you’re following ( Chicago Manual of Style , MLA , APA ), and using the examples provided, format and list the sources for your work.

What's a Bibliography?
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include:
- the authors' names
- the titles of the works
- the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources
- the dates your copies were published
- the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)
OK, So What's an Annotated Bibliography?
An annotated bibliography is the same as a bibliography with one important difference: in an annotated bibliography, the bibliographic information is followed by a brief description of the content, quality, and usefulness of the source.
OK, So How Is a Bibliography Different from a "Works Cited" or "References" List?
The Works Cited or References list is only comprised of references to those items actually cited in the paper.
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Bibliography
A bibliography gives credit to all the author’s hard work that was consulted in someone’s research. This list is usually found on the last portion or on the last page of books and/or magazines, most of which can be academic.

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Table of Content
Bibliography definition & meaning, what is a bibliography, 10 types of bibliography, bibliography uses, purpose, importance, what’s in a bibliography parts, how to design a bibliography, bibliography vs. references, what’s the difference between bibliography, literature, and biography, bibliography sizes, bibliography ideas & examples, sustainable development bibliography.

School Project Bibliography

Preliminary Bibliography

Elementary Bibliography

Books Bibliography

Project Bibliography


Disaster Management Bibliography

High School Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Students Bibliography

It serves as an optimal resource
Plagiarism prevention, maintaining accuracy, enhances the value of a paper, it acts as a source tracker, author names, publication information, publication date, access date.

- Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- College Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Kids Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Middle School Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Consumer Awareness Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Internet Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Writing Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- MLA Bibliography Ideas and Examples
- Bibliography Outline Ideas and Examples
- Annotated Bibliography Research Ideas and Examples
- School Bibliography Ideas and Examples
What is a bibliography in research?
How do you add a bibliography to a table of contents, which is a correct bibliography entry, what are four resources of bibliography, what are the methods of preparing a bibliography, when was the bibliography invented, what are the branches of a bibliography, what is the bibliography in a college project, how should each reference be formatted in a bibliography, what is bibliographic documentation, what is a bibliography citation, more in documents.

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What Is a Bibliography?
- Writing Research Papers
- Writing Essays
- English Grammar
- M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
- B.A., History, Armstrong State University
A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles , speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end.
The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your research. It also makes it easy for a reader to find out more about your topic by delving into the research that you used to write your paper. In the academic world, papers aren't written in a vacuum; academic journals are the way new research on a topic circulates and previous work is built upon.
Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depend on the particular style of writing you follow. Your teacher or publisher will tell you which style to use, and for most academic papers it will be either MLA , American Psychological Association (APA), Chicago (author-date citations or footnotes/endnotes format), or Turabian style .
The bibliography is sometimes also called the references, works cited, or works consulted page.
Components of a Bibliography Entry
Bibliography entries will compile:
- Authors and/or editors (and translator, if applicable)
- Title of your source (as well as edition, volume, and the book title if your source is a chapter or article in a multi-author book with an editor)
- Publication information (the city, state, name of the publisher, date published, page numbers consulted, and URL or DOI, if applicable)
- Access date, in the case of online sources (check with the style guide at the beginning of your research as to whether you need to track this information)
Order and Formatting
Your entries should be listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. If you are using two publications that are written by the same author, the order and format will depend on the style guide.
In MLA, Chicago, and Turabian style, you should list the duplicate-author entries in alphabetical order according to the title of the work. The author's name is written as normal for his or her first entry, but for the second entry, you will replace the author's name with three long dashes.
In APA style, you list the duplicate-author entries in chronological order of publication, placing the earliest first. The name of the author is used for all entries.
For works with more than one author, styles vary as to whether you invert the name of any authors after the first. Whether you use title casing or sentence-style casing on titles of sources, and whether you separate elements with commas or periods also varies among different style guides. Consult the guide's manual for more detailed information.
Bibliography entries are usually formatted using a hanging indent. This means that the first line of each citation is not indented, but subsequent lines of each citation are indented. Check with your instructor or publication to see if this format is required, and look up information in your word processor's help program if you do not know how to create a hanging indent with it.
Chicago's Bibliography vs. Reference System
Chicago has two different ways of citing works consulted: using a bibliography or a references page. Use of a bibliography or a references page depends on whether you're using author-date parenthetical citations in the paper or footnotes/endnotes. If you're using parenthetical citations, then you'll follow the references page formatting. If you're using footnotes or endnotes, you'll use a bibliography. The difference in the formatting of entries between the two systems is the location of the date of the cited publication. In a bibliography, it goes at the end of an entry. In a references list in the author-date style, it goes right after the author's name, similar to APA style.
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bib·li·og·ra·phy
Bib•li•og•ra•phy, bibliography.
- accession number
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Definition of 'bibliography'
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In other languages bibliography
- American English : bibliography / bɪbliˈɒgrəfi /
- Brazilian Portuguese : bibliografia
- Chinese : 书目
- European Spanish : bibliografía
- French : bibliographie
- German : Bibliografie
- Italian : bibliografia
- Japanese : 関係書目
- Korean : 참고 문헌
- European Portuguese : bibliografia
- Spanish : bibliografía
- Thai : บรรณานุกรม
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Annotated Bibliographies

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This handout provides information about annotated bibliographies in MLA, APA, and CMS.
Definitions
A bibliography is a list of sources (books, journals, Web sites, periodicals, etc.) one has used for researching a topic. Bibliographies are sometimes called "References" or "Works Cited" depending on the style format you are using. A bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic information (i.e., the author, title, publisher, etc.).
An annotation is a summary and/or evaluation. Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources. Depending on your project or the assignment, your annotations may do one or more of the following.
For more help, see our handout on paraphrasing sources.
For more help, see our handouts on evaluating resources .
- Reflect : Once you've summarized and assessed a source, you need to ask how it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you? How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use this source in your research project? Has it changed how you think about your topic?
Your annotated bibliography may include some of these, all of these, or even others. If you're doing this for a class, you should get specific guidelines from your instructor.
Why should I write an annotated bibliography?
To learn about your topic : Writing an annotated bibliography is excellent preparation for a research project. Just collecting sources for a bibliography is useful, but when you have to write annotations for each source, you're forced to read each source more carefully. You begin to read more critically instead of just collecting information. At the professional level, annotated bibliographies allow you to see what has been done in the literature and where your own research or scholarship can fit. To help you formulate a thesis: Every good research paper is an argument. The purpose of research is to state and support a thesis. So, a very important part of research is developing a thesis that is debatable, interesting, and current. Writing an annotated bibliography can help you gain a good perspective on what is being said about your topic. By reading and responding to a variety of sources on a topic, you'll start to see what the issues are, what people are arguing about, and you'll then be able to develop your own point of view.
To help other researchers : Extensive and scholarly annotated bibliographies are sometimes published. They provide a comprehensive overview of everything important that has been and is being said about that topic. You may not ever get your annotated bibliography published, but as a researcher, you might want to look for one that has been published about your topic.
The format of an annotated bibliography can vary, so if you're doing one for a class, it's important to ask for specific guidelines.
The bibliographic information : Generally, though, the bibliographic information of the source (the title, author, publisher, date, etc.) is written in either MLA or APA format. For more help with formatting, see our MLA handout . For APA, go here: APA handout .
The annotations: The annotations for each source are written in paragraph form. The lengths of the annotations can vary significantly from a couple of sentences to a couple of pages. The length will depend on the purpose. If you're just writing summaries of your sources, the annotations may not be very long. However, if you are writing an extensive analysis of each source, you'll need more space.
You can focus your annotations for your own needs. A few sentences of general summary followed by several sentences of how you can fit the work into your larger paper or project can serve you well when you go to draft.
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biobibliography
Definition of biobibliography
Word history.
bi- entry 2 + bibliography
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Cite this Entry
“Biobibliography.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biobibliography. Accessed 25 May. 2023.
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Download paper, additional citation formats.
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Create a bibliography, citations, and references

Put your cursor at the end of the text you want to cite.
Go to References > Style , and choose a citation style.

Select Insert Citation .

Choose Add New Source and fill out the information about your source.
Once you've added a source to your list, you can cite it again:
Go to References > Insert Citation , and choose the source you are citing.

To add details, like page numbers if you're citing a book, select Citation Options , and then Edit Citation .

Create a bibliography
With cited sources in your document, you're ready to create a bibliography.
Put your cursor where you want the bibliography.
Go to References > Bibliography , and choose a format.
Tip: If you cite a new source, add it to the bibliography by clicking anywhere in the bibliography and selecting Update Citations and Bibliography .

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bibliography: [noun] the history, identification, or description of writings or publications.
Bibliography definition, a complete or selective list of works compiled upon some common principle, as authorship, subject, place of publication, or printer. See more.
bibliography meaning: 1. a list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing a particular book…. Learn more.
bibliography: 1 n a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.) Type of: list , listing a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)
Annotated bibliography. An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that includes annotations, which are short notes explaining why the author chose each of the sources. Generally a few sentences long, these notes might summarize or reflect on the source. An annotated bibliography is not the same as a literature review. While a literature ...
A bibliography is a list of works (such as books and articles) written on a particular subject or by a particular author. Adjective: bibliographic. Also known as a list of works cited, a bibliography may appear at the end of a book, report, online presentation, or research paper. Students are taught that a bibliography, along with correctly ...
Bibliography Examples for Books. When quoting a book, the book itself is the title of the container. For example: Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer. Wu Xia and the Art of Scooter Maintenance, Springer, 2003. Should the source have more than one author, your citation should appear as follows: Smith, John Jacob Jingleheimer, and Cindy Lu. Wu Xia and ...
Britannica Dictionary definition of BIBLIOGRAPHY. [count] 1. : a list of books, magazines, articles, etc., about a particular subject. The instructor provided the students with an excellent bibliography on local history. 2. : a list of the books, magazines, articles, etc., that are mentioned in a text. The book includes a lengthy bibliography.
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources. the dates your copies were published.
Bibliography Definition & Meaning. A bibliography is defined as a list of works that are written by an author or written by different authors and is typically printed as an appendix. It can also be referred to as a database of descriptive or critical notes of writing that can relate to a particular subject, author, or period.
A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end. The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your ...
Define bibliography. bibliography synonyms, bibliography pronunciation, bibliography translation, English dictionary definition of bibliography. n. pl. bib·li·og·ra·phies 1. A list of the works of a specific author or publisher. 2. a. A list of writings relating to a given subject: a bibliography of...
A bibliography is a detailed list of all the sources consulted and cited in a research paper or project. The bibliography structure always includes citing the author's name, the title of the work ...
Bibliography is a specialized aspect of library science (or library and information science, LIS) and documentation science. It was established by a Belgian, named Paul Otlet (1868-1944), who was the founder of the field of documentation, as a branch of the information sciences, who wrote about "the science of bibliography."
bibliography in British English. (ˌbɪblɪˈɒɡrəfɪ ) noun Word forms: plural -phies. 1. a list of books or other material on a subject. 2. a list of sources used in the preparation of a book, thesis, etc. 3. a list of the works of a particular author or publisher.
A bibliography is a list of sources (books, journals, Web sites, periodicals, etc.) one has used for researching a topic. Bibliographies are sometimes called "References" or "Works Cited" depending on the style format you are using. A bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic information (i.e., the author, title, publisher, etc.). ...
a bibliography with biographical notes about the author or authors listed; also : a usually short biography especially concerned with the… See the full definition Merriam-Webster Logo
Bibliography definition: A list of the works of a specific author or publisher.
Bibliography Definition. A bibliography is a list of books or written works consulted by an author in a piece of writing. It usually appears at the end of that piece of writing. The term bibliography is also used to describe the study of books as objects or the description of books in the same terms.
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Create a bibliography. With cited sources in your document, you're ready to create a bibliography. Put your cursor where you want the bibliography. Go to References > Bibliography, and choose a format. Tip: If you cite a new source, add it to the bibliography by clicking anywhere in the bibliography and selecting Update Citations and Bibliography.