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Algebra Worksheets

Free worksheets with answer keys.

Enjoy these free printable sheets . Each one has model problems worked out step by step, practice problems, as well as challenge questions at the sheets end. Plus each one comes with an answer key.

  • Distance Formula
  • Equation of Circle
  • Factor Trinomials Worksheet
  • Domain and Range
  • Mixed Problems on Writing Equations of Lines
  • Slope Intercept Form Worksheet
  • Standard Form Worksheet
  • Point Slope Worksheet
  • Write Equation of Line from the Slope and 1 Point
  • Write Equation of Line from Two Points
  • Equation of Line Parallel to Another Line and Through a Point
  • Equation of Line Perpendicular to Another Line and Through a Point
  • Slope of a Line
  • Perpendicular Bisector of Segment
  • Write Equation of Line Mixed Review
  • Word Problems
  • Multiplying Monomials Worksheet
  • Multiplying and Dividing Monomials Sheet
  • Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Worksheet
  • Multiplying Monomials with Polynomials Worksheet
  • Multiplying Binomials Worksheet
  • Multiplying Polynomials
  • Simplifying Polynomials
  • Factoring Trinomials
  • Operations with Polynomials Worksheet
  • Dividing Radicals
  • Simplify Radicals Worksheet
  • Adding Radicals
  • Mulitplying Radicals Worksheet
  • Radicals Review (Mixed review worksheet on radicals and square roots)
  • Solve Systems of Equations Graphically
  • Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination
  • Solve by Substitution
  • Solve Systems of Equations (Mixed review)
  • Activity on Systems of Equations (Create an advertisement for your favorite method to Solve Systems of Equations )
  • Real World Connections (Compare cell phone plans)
  • Scientific Notation
  • Operations with Scientific Notation

Ultimate Math Solver (Free) Free Algebra Solver ... type anything in there!

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CLEP College Algebra Worksheets: FREE & Printable

Looking for FREE printable CLEP College Algebra worksheets to help you review the math concepts? Here's a collection of PDF worksheets for all CLEP College Algebra topics.

CLEP College Algebra Worksheets: FREE & Printable

Need great CLEP College Algebra worksheets to help your students prepare for the CLEP College Algebra test? If so, then you are in the right place.

Here is a comprehensive and perfect collection of FREE CLEP College Algebra worksheets that would help students in CLEP Algebra preparation and practice.

There is also a FREE CLEP College Algebra Practice Test

Hope you enjoy it!

IMPORTANT: COPYRIGHT TERMS: These worksheets are for personal use. Worksheets, including classroom/personal websites or network drives, may not be uploaded to the internet. You can download the worksheets and print as many as you need. You can distribute the printed copies to your students, teachers, tutors, and friends. 

You Do NOT have permission to send these worksheets to anyone in any way (via email, text messages, or other ways). They MUST download the worksheets themselves. You can send the address of this page to your students, tutors, friends, etc.

The Absolute Best Book to Ace the CLEP College Algebra Test

CLEP College Algebra for Beginners The Ultimate Step by Step Guide to Preparing for the CLEP College Algebra Test

Fundamentals and building blocks.

  • Adding and Subtracting Integers
  • Multiplying and Dividing Integers
  • Order of Operations
  • Ordering Integers and Numbers
  • Integers and Absolute Value
  • Simplifying Ratios
  • Proportional Ratios
  • Similarity and Ratios
  • Ratio and Rates Word Problems
  • Percentage Calculations
  • Percent Problems
  • Discount, Tax and Tip
  • Percent of Change
  • Simple Interest

Algebraic Expressions

  • Simplifying Variable Expressions
  • Simplifying Polynomial Expressions
  • Translate Phrases into an Algebraic Statement
  • The Distributive Property
  • Evaluating One Variable Expressions
  • Evaluating Two Variables Expressions
  • Combining like Terms

Equations and Inequalities

  • One-Step Equations
  • Multi-Step Equations
  • Graphing Single–Variable Inequalities
  • One-Step Inequalities
  • Multi-Step Inequalities
  • Systems of Equations
  • Systems of Equations Word Problems
  • Quadratic Equation

Linear Functions

  • Finding Slope
  • Graphing Lines Using Line Equation
  • Writing Linear Equations
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • Finding Midpoint
  • Finding Distance of Two Points

The Best Book to Review the CLEP College Algebra Test

10 Full Length CLEP College Algebra Practice Tests The Practice You Need to Ace the CLEP College Algebra Test

Exponents and radicals.

  • Multiplication Property of Exponents
  • Zero and Negative Exponents
  • Division Property of Exponents
  • Powers of Products and Quotients
  • Negative Exponents and Negative Bases
  • Scientific Notation
  • Square Roots

Polynomials

  • Writing Polynomials in Standard Form
  • Simplifying Polynomials
  • Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
  • Multiplying Monomials
  • Multiplying and Dividing Monomials
  • Multiplying a Polynomial and a Monomial
  • Multiplying Binomials
  • Factoring Trinomials
  • Operations with Polynomials
  • Solving a Quadratic Equation
  • Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant
  • Graphing Quadratic Functions
  • Solving Quadratic Inequalities

Complex Numbers

  • Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers
  • Multiplying and Dividing Complex Numbers
  • Rationalizing Imaginary Denominators
  • Function Notation
  • Adding and Subtracting Functions
  • Multiplying and Dividing Functions
  • Composition of Functions

Trigonometric Functions

  • Trig Ratios of General Angles
  • Angles and Angle Measure
  • Evaluating Trigonometric Function
  • Arc Length and Sector Area

Sequences and Series

  • Arithmetic Sequences
  • Geometric Sequences
  • Adding and Subtracting Matrices
  • Matrix Multiplication
  • Rewriting Logarithms
  • Evalu ating Logarithms
  • Properties of Logarithms

Looking for the best resources to help you or your students succeed on the CLEP College Algebra test?

The Best Books to Ace the CLEP College Algebra Test

Pre-Algebra Practice Workbook The Most Comprehensive Review of Pre-Algebra

College algebra practice workbook the most comprehensive review of college algebra, algebra i for beginners the ultimate step by step guide to acing algebra i, algebra ii for beginners the ultimate step by step guide to acing algebra ii.

by: Effortless Math Team about 4 years ago (category: Blog , Free Math Worksheets )

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Algebra I Practice Workbook The Most Comprehensive Review of Algebra 1

Algebra ii practice workbook the most comprehensive review of algebra 2.

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College Algebra

Also known as "High School Algebra"

OK. So what are you going to learn here?

You will learn about Numbers, Polynomials, Inequalities, Sequences and Sums, many types of Functions, and how to solve them.

You will also gain a deeper insight into Mathematics, get to practice using your new skills with lots of examples and questions, and generally improve your mind.

With your new skills you will be able to put together mathematical models so you can find good quality solutions to many tricky real world situations.

Near the end of most pages is a "Your Turn" section ... do these! You need to balance your reading with doing . Answering questions helps you sort things out in your mind. And don't guess the answer: use pen and paper and try your best before seeing the solution.

So what is this thing called Mathematics? And how do you go about learning it?

  • Welcome to Mathematics
  • Learning Mathematics
  • The Language of Mathematics
  • Symbols in Algebra

Next, we need to think about mathematics in terms of sets .

  • Introduction to Sets

Now we know what a set is, let us look at different sets of numbers that are useful:

  • The Evolution of Numbers
  • Prime and Composite Numbers
  • Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
  • Whole Numbers and Integers
  • Rational Numbers
  • Using Rational Numbers
  • Irrational Numbers
  • 0.999... = 1
  • Real Numbers
  • Imaginary Numbers
  • Complex Numbers
  • Multiplying Complex Numbers
  • The Complex Plane
  • Common Number Sets

Inequalities

"Equal To" is nice but not always available. Maybe we only know that something is less than, or greater than. So let's learn about in equalities.

  • Introduction to Inequalities
  • Properties of Inequalities
  • Solving Inequalities
  • Solving Inequality Word Questions

We will be using exponents a lot, so let's get to know them well.

  • Variables with Exponents
  • Using Exponents in Algebra
  • Squares and Square Roots
  • Squares and Square Roots in Algebra
  • Fractional Exponents
  • Laws of Exponents
  • Exponents of Negative Numbers

Polynomials

Polynomials were some of the first things ever studied in Algebra. They are simple, yet powerful in their ability to model real world situations.

  • What is a Polynomial?
  • Adding And Subtracting Polynomials
  • Multiplying Polynomials
  • Polynomials - Long Multiplication
  • Dividing Polynomials
  • Polynomials - Long Division
  • Degree (of an Expression)
  • Special Binomial Products
  • Difference of Two Cubes
  • Factoring in Algebra
  • Solving Polynomials
  • Roots of Polynomials: Sums and Products
  • Rational Expressions
  • Using Rational Expressions
  • Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
  • Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
  • General Form of a Polynomial

Graphing Polynomials

  • How Polynomials Behave
  • Polynomials: The Rule of Signs
  • Polynomials: Bounds on Zeros

And, of course, we need to know about equations ... and how to solve them.

  • Equations and Formulas
  • Solving Equations
  • Solving Word Questions
  • Zero Product Property
  • Implication and Iff
  • Theorems, Corollaries, Lemmas

Graphs can save us! They are a great way to see what is going on and can help us solve many things. But we need to be careful, as they sometimes don't give the full story.

  • Cartesian Coordinates
  • Pythagoras' Theorem
  • Distance Between 2 Points
  • Graph of an Equation
  • Finding Intercepts From an Equation
  • Symmetry in Equations
  • Linear Equations

They are just equations for lines. But they come in many forms.

  • Equation of a Straight Line
  • Point-Slope Equation of a Line
  • General Form of Equation of a Line
  • Equation of a Line from 2 Points
  • Midpoint of a Line Segment
  • Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

A function relates an input to an output. But from that simple foundation many useful things can be built.

  • What is a Function?
  • Domain, Range and Codomain
  • Evaluating Functions
  • Increasing and Decreasing Functions
  • Maxima and Minima of Functions
  • Even and Odd Functions
  • Set-Builder Notation

Common Functions Reference :

  • Square Function
  • Square Root Function
  • Cube Function
  • Reciprocal Function
  • Absolute Value Function
  • Floor and Ceiling Function
  • Function Transformations
  • Equation Grapher
  • Operations with Functions
  • Composition of Functions
  • Inverse Functions

Equations of Second Degree

"Second degree" just means the variable has an exponent of 2, like x 2 . It is the next major step after linear equations (where the exponent is 1, like x).

  • Quadratic Equations
  • Factoring Quadratics
  • Completing the Square
  • Derivation of Quadratic Formula
  • Graphing Quadratic Equations
  • Quadratic Equations in the Real World
  • Circle Equations

We already have experience in solving, but now we can learn more!

  • Mathematical Models and Mathematical Models 2
  • Approximate Solutions
  • Intermediate Value Theorem
  • Solving Radical Equations
  • Change of Variables
  • Algebra Mistakes

We learned about inequalities above, now let's learn how to solve them.

  • Graphing Linear Inequalities
  • Inequality Graphing Tool
  • Solving Quadratic Inequalities
  • Solving Rational Inequalities
  • Absolute Value in Algebra

Exponents and Logarithms

We already know about exponents ... well logarithms just go the other way. And together they can be very powerful.

  • Introduction to Logarithms
  • Exponents, Roots and Logarithms
  • Working with Exponents and Logarithms
  • Exponential Function
  • Logarithmic Function
  • Exponential Growth and Decay
  • Systems of Linear Equations

What happens when we have two or more linear equations that work together? They can often be solved! It isn't very hard but can take a lot of calculations.

  • Types of Matrix
  • How to Multiply Matrices
  • Determinant of a Matrix
  • Inverse of a Matrix:
  • Using Elementary Row Operations (Gauss-Jordan)
  • Using Minors, Cofactors and Adjugate
  • Scalar, Vector, Matrix and Vectors
  • Matrix Calculator
  • More at Matrix Index
  • Solving Systems of Linear Equations Using Matrices
  • Systems of Linear and Quadratic Equations
  • Probability

lock

Is it likely? You be the judge!

  • The Basic Counting Principle
  • Combinations and Permutations

Sequences, Series and Partial Sums

A Sequence is a set of things (usually numbers) that are in order. We can also sum up a series, where Sigma Notation is very useful.

  • Sequences - Finding A Rule
  • Sigma Notation
  • Partial Sums
  • Arithmetic Sequences and Sums
  • Geometric Sequences and Sums

These last few subjects use what we have learned above.

  • Partial Fractions
  • Mathematical Induction
  • Pascal's Triangle
  • Binomial Theorem

And that is all!

But there are many other interesting algebra topics such as:

  • Euler's Formula for Complex Numbers
  • Taylor Series (needs a basic understanding of derivatives )
  • Introduction to Prerequisites
  • 1.1 Real Numbers: Algebra Essentials
  • 1.2 Exponents and Scientific Notation
  • 1.3 Radicals and Rational Exponents
  • 1.4 Polynomials
  • 1.5 Factoring Polynomials
  • 1.6 Rational Expressions
  • Key Equations
  • Key Concepts

Review Exercises

Practice test.

  • Introduction to Equations and Inequalities
  • 2.1 The Rectangular Coordinate Systems and Graphs
  • 2.2 Linear Equations in One Variable
  • 2.3 Models and Applications
  • 2.4 Complex Numbers
  • 2.5 Quadratic Equations
  • 2.6 Other Types of Equations
  • 2.7 Linear Inequalities and Absolute Value Inequalities
  • Introduction to Functions
  • 3.1 Functions and Function Notation
  • 3.2 Domain and Range
  • 3.3 Rates of Change and Behavior of Graphs
  • 3.4 Composition of Functions
  • 3.5 Transformation of Functions
  • 3.6 Absolute Value Functions
  • 3.7 Inverse Functions
  • Introduction to Linear Functions
  • 4.1 Linear Functions
  • 4.2 Modeling with Linear Functions
  • 4.3 Fitting Linear Models to Data
  • Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions
  • 5.1 Quadratic Functions
  • 5.2 Power Functions and Polynomial Functions
  • 5.3 Graphs of Polynomial Functions
  • 5.4 Dividing Polynomials
  • 5.5 Zeros of Polynomial Functions
  • 5.6 Rational Functions
  • 5.7 Inverses and Radical Functions
  • 5.8 Modeling Using Variation
  • Introduction to Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
  • 6.1 Exponential Functions
  • 6.2 Graphs of Exponential Functions
  • 6.3 Logarithmic Functions
  • 6.4 Graphs of Logarithmic Functions
  • 6.5 Logarithmic Properties
  • 6.6 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
  • 6.7 Exponential and Logarithmic Models
  • 6.8 Fitting Exponential Models to Data
  • Introduction to Systems of Equations and Inequalities
  • 7.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables
  • 7.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Three Variables
  • 7.3 Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Inequalities: Two Variables
  • 7.4 Partial Fractions
  • 7.5 Matrices and Matrix Operations
  • 7.6 Solving Systems with Gaussian Elimination
  • 7.7 Solving Systems with Inverses
  • 7.8 Solving Systems with Cramer's Rule
  • Introduction to Analytic Geometry
  • 8.1 The Ellipse
  • 8.2 The Hyperbola
  • 8.3 The Parabola
  • 8.4 Rotation of Axes
  • 8.5 Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates
  • Introduction to Sequences, Probability and Counting Theory
  • 9.1 Sequences and Their Notations
  • 9.2 Arithmetic Sequences
  • 9.3 Geometric Sequences
  • 9.4 Series and Their Notations
  • 9.5 Counting Principles
  • 9.6 Binomial Theorem
  • 9.7 Probability
  • ⓑ yes (Note: If two players had been tied for, say, 4th place, then the name would not have been a function of rank.)

w = f ( d ) w = f ( d )

g ( 5 ) = 1 g ( 5 ) = 1

m = 8 m = 8

y = f ( x ) = x 3 2 y = f ( x ) = x 3 2

g ( 1 ) = 8 g ( 1 ) = 8

x = 0 x = 0 or x = 2 x = 2

  • ⓐ yes, because each bank account has a single balance at any given time;
  • ⓑ no, because several bank account numbers may have the same balance;
  • ⓒ no, because the same output may correspond to more than one input.
  • ⓐ Yes, letter grade is a function of percent grade;
  • ⓑ No, it is not one-to-one. There are 100 different percent numbers we could get but only about five possible letter grades, so there cannot be only one percent number that corresponds to each letter grade.

No, because it does not pass the horizontal line test.

{ − 5 , 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 } { − 5 , 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 }

( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ∪ ( 1 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ∪ ( 1 2 , ∞ )

[ − 5 2 , ∞ ) [ − 5 2 , ∞ )

  • ⓐ values that are less than or equal to –2, or values that are greater than or equal to –1 and less than 3
  • ⓑ { x | x ≤ − 2 or − 1 ≤ x < 3 } { x | x ≤ − 2 or − 1 ≤ x < 3 }
  • ⓒ ( − ∞ , − 2 ] ∪ [ − 1 , 3 ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ] ∪ [ − 1 , 3 )

domain =[1950,2002] range = [47,000,000,89,000,000]

domain: ( − ∞ , 2 ] ; ( − ∞ , 2 ] ; range: ( − ∞ , 0 ] ( − ∞ , 0 ]

$ 2.84 − $ 2.31 5 years = $ 0.53 5 years = $ 0.106 $ 2.84 − $ 2.31 5 years = $ 0.53 5 years = $ 0.106 per year.

a + 7 a + 7

The local maximum appears to occur at ( − 1 , 28 ) , ( − 1 , 28 ) , and the local minimum occurs at ( 5 , − 80 ) . ( 5 , − 80 ) . The function is increasing on ( − ∞ , − 1 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) and decreasing on ( − 1 , 5 ) . ( − 1 , 5 ) .

( f g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x 2 − 1 ) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 ( f − g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) − ( x 2 − 1 ) = x − x 2 ( f g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x 2 − 1 ) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 ( f − g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) − ( x 2 − 1 ) = x − x 2

No, the functions are not the same.

A gravitational force is still a force, so a ( G ( r ) ) a ( G ( r ) ) makes sense as the acceleration of a planet at a distance r from the Sun (due to gravity), but G ( a ( F ) ) G ( a ( F ) ) does not make sense.

f ( g ( 1 ) ) = f ( 3 ) = 3 f ( g ( 1 ) ) = f ( 3 ) = 3 and g ( f ( 4 ) ) = g ( 1 ) = 3 g ( f ( 4 ) ) = g ( 1 ) = 3

g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 5 ) = 3 g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 5 ) = 3

[ − 4 , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) [ − 4 , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

Possible answer:

g ( x ) = 4 + x 2 h ( x ) = 4 3 − x f = h ∘ g g ( x ) = 4 + x 2 h ( x ) = 4 3 − x f = h ∘ g

The graphs of f ( x ) f ( x ) and g ( x ) g ( x ) are shown below. The transformation is a horizontal shift. The function is shifted to the left by 2 units.

g ( x ) = 1 x - 1 + 1 g ( x ) = 1 x - 1 + 1

g ( x ) = − f ( x ) g ( x ) = − f ( x )

h ( x ) = f ( − x ) h ( x ) = f ( − x )

Notice: g ( x ) = f ( − x ) g ( x ) = f ( − x ) looks the same as f ( x ) f ( x ) .

g ( x ) = 3 x - 2 g ( x ) = 3 x - 2

g ( x ) = f ( 1 3 x ) g ( x ) = f ( 1 3 x ) so using the square root function we get g ( x ) = 1 3 x g ( x ) = 1 3 x

using the variable p p for passing, | p − 80 | ≤ 20 | p − 80 | ≤ 20

f ( x ) = − | x + 2 | + 3 f ( x ) = − | x + 2 | + 3

x = − 1 x = − 1 or x = 2 x = 2

h ( 2 ) = 6 h ( 2 ) = 6

The domain of function f − 1 f − 1 is ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ) and the range of function f − 1 f − 1 is ( 1 , ∞ ) . ( 1 , ∞ ) .

  • ⓐ f ( 60 ) = 50. f ( 60 ) = 50. In 60 minutes, 50 miles are traveled.
  • ⓑ f − 1 ( 60 ) = 70. f − 1 ( 60 ) = 70. To travel 60 miles, it will take 70 minutes.

x = 3 y + 5 x = 3 y + 5

f − 1 ( x ) = ( 2 − x ) 2 ; domain of f : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; domain of f − 1 : ( − ∞ , 2 ] f − 1 ( x ) = ( 2 − x ) 2 ; domain of f : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; domain of f − 1 : ( − ∞ , 2 ]

3.1 Section Exercises

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. A function is a special kind of relation in which no two ordered pairs have the same first coordinate.

When a vertical line intersects the graph of a relation more than once, that indicates that for that input there is more than one output. At any particular input value, there can be only one output if the relation is to be a function.

When a horizontal line intersects the graph of a function more than once, that indicates that for that output there is more than one input. A function is one-to-one if each output corresponds to only one input.

not a function

f ( − 3 ) = − 11 ; f ( − 3 ) = − 11 ; f ( 2 ) = − 1 ; f ( 2 ) = − 1 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a − 5 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a − 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 a + 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 a + 5 ; f ( a + h ) = 2 a + 2 h − 5 f ( a + h ) = 2 a + 2 h − 5

f ( − 3 ) = 5 + 5 ; f ( − 3 ) = 5 + 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5 ; f ( − a ) = 2 + a + 5 ; f ( − a ) = 2 + a + 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 − a − 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 − a − 5 ; f ( a + h ) = 2 − a − h + 5 f ( a + h ) = 2 − a − h + 5

f ( − 3 ) = 2 ; f ( − 3 ) = 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1 − 3 = − 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1 − 3 = − 2 ; f ( − a ) = | − a − 1 | − | − a + 1 | ; f ( − a ) = | − a − 1 | − | − a + 1 | ; − f ( a ) = − | a − 1 | + | a + 1 | ; − f ( a ) = − | a − 1 | + | a + 1 | ; f ( a + h ) = | a + h − 1 | − | a + h + 1 | f ( a + h ) = | a + h − 1 | − | a + h + 1 |

g ( x ) − g ( a ) x − a = x + a + 2 , x ≠ a g ( x ) − g ( a ) x − a = x + a + 2 , x ≠ a

a. f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; b. x = 3 x = 3

a. f ( 5 ) = 10 ; f ( 5 ) = 10 ; b. x = − 1 x = − 1 or x = 4 x = 4

  • ⓐ f ( t ) = 6 − 2 3 t ; f ( t ) = 6 − 2 3 t ;
  • ⓑ f ( − 3 ) = 8 ; f ( − 3 ) = 8 ;
  • ⓒ t = 6 t = 6
  • ⓐ f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ;
  • ⓑ f ( x ) = − 3 , x = − 2 f ( x ) = − 3 , x = − 2 or x = 2 x = 2

not a function so it is also not a one-to-one function

one-to- one function

function, but not one-to-one

f ( x ) = 1 , x = 2 f ( x ) = 1 , x = 2

f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 1 ) = 11 ; f ( 0 ) = 8 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 2 f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 1 ) = 11 ; f ( 0 ) = 8 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 2

f ( − 2 ) = 4 ;    f ( − 1 ) = 4.414 ; f ( 0 ) = 4.732 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5.236 f ( − 2 ) = 4 ;    f ( − 1 ) = 4.414 ; f ( 0 ) = 4.732 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5.236

f ( − 2 ) = 1 9 ; f ( − 1 ) = 1 3 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 1 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 9 f ( − 2 ) = 1 9 ; f ( − 1 ) = 1 3 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 1 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 9

[ 0 , 100 ] [ 0 , 100 ]

[ − 0.001 , 0 .001 ] [ − 0.001 , 0 .001 ]

[ − 1 , 000 , 000 , 1,000,000 ] [ − 1 , 000 , 000 , 1,000,000 ]

[ 0 , 10 ] [ 0 , 10 ]

[ −0.1 , 0.1 ] [ −0.1 , 0.1 ]

[ − 100 , 100 ] [ − 100 , 100 ]

  • ⓐ g ( 5000 ) = 50 ; g ( 5000 ) = 50 ;
  • ⓑ The number of cubic yards of dirt required for a garden of 100 square feet is 1.
  • ⓐ The height of a rocket above ground after 1 second is 200 ft.
  • ⓑ The height of a rocket above ground after 2 seconds is 350 ft.

3.2 Section Exercises

The domain of a function depends upon what values of the independent variable make the function undefined or imaginary.

There is no restriction on x x for f ( x ) = x 3 f ( x ) = x 3 because you can take the cube root of any real number. So the domain is all real numbers, ( − ∞ , ∞ ) . ( − ∞ , ∞ ) . When dealing with the set of real numbers, you cannot take the square root of negative numbers. So x x -values are restricted for f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x to nonnegative numbers and the domain is [ 0 , ∞ ) . [ 0 , ∞ ) .

Graph each formula of the piecewise function over its corresponding domain. Use the same scale for the x x -axis and y y -axis for each graph. Indicate inclusive endpoints with a solid circle and exclusive endpoints with an open circle. Use an arrow to indicate − ∞ − ∞ or ∞ . ∞ . Combine the graphs to find the graph of the piecewise function.

( − ∞ , 3 ] ( − ∞ , 3 ]

( − ∞ , − 1 2 ) ∪ ( − 1 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1 2 ) ∪ ( − 1 2 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 11 ) ∪ ( − 11 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 11 ) ∪ ( − 11 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( − 3 , 5 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( − 3 , 5 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , 5 ) ( − ∞ , 5 )

[ 6 , ∞ ) [ 6 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 9 ) ∪ ( − 9 , 9 ) ∪ ( 9 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 9 ) ∪ ( − 9 , 9 ) ∪ ( 9 , ∞ )

domain: ( 2 , 8 ] , ( 2 , 8 ] , range [ 6 , 8 ) [ 6 , 8 )

domain: [ − 4 , 4], [ − 4 , 4], range: [ 0 , 2] [ 0 , 2]

domain: [ − 5 , 3 ) , [ − 5 , 3 ) , range: [ 0 , 2 ] [ 0 , 2 ]

domain: ( − ∞ , 1 ] , ( − ∞ , 1 ] , range: [ 0 , ∞ ) [ 0 , ∞ )

domain: [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] ; [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] ; range: [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ]

domain: [ − 3 , ∞ ) ; [ − 3 , ∞ ) ; range: [ 0 , ∞ ) [ 0 , ∞ )

domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

f ( − 3 ) = 1 ; f ( − 2 ) = 0 ; f ( − 1 ) = 0 ; f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( − 3 ) = 1 ; f ( − 2 ) = 0 ; f ( − 1 ) = 0 ; f ( 0 ) = 0

f ( − 1 ) = − 4 ; f ( 0 ) = 6 ; f ( 2 ) = 20 ; f ( 4 ) = 34 f ( − 1 ) = − 4 ; f ( 0 ) = 6 ; f ( 2 ) = 20 ; f ( 4 ) = 34

f ( − 1 ) = − 5 ; f ( 0 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 3 ; f ( 4 ) = 16 f ( − 1 ) = − 5 ; f ( 0 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 3 ; f ( 4 ) = 16

domain: ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ )

window: [ − 0.5 , − 0.1 ] ; [ − 0.5 , − 0.1 ] ; range: [ 4 , 100 ] [ 4 , 100 ]

window: [ 0.1 , 0.5 ] ; [ 0.1 , 0.5 ] ; range: [ 4 , 100 ] [ 4 , 100 ]

[ 0 , 8 ] [ 0 , 8 ]

Many answers. One function is f ( x ) = 1 x − 2 . f ( x ) = 1 x − 2 .

  • ⓐ The fixed cost is $500.
  • ⓑ The cost of making 25 items is $750.
  • ⓒ The domain is [0, 100] and the range is [500, 1500].

3.3 Section Exercises

Yes, the average rate of change of all linear functions is constant.

The absolute maximum and minimum relate to the entire graph, whereas the local extrema relate only to a specific region around an open interval.

4 ( b + 1 ) 4 ( b + 1 )

4 x + 2 h 4 x + 2 h

− 1 13 ( 13 + h ) − 1 13 ( 13 + h )

3 h 2 + 9 h + 9 3 h 2 + 9 h + 9

4 x + 2 h − 3 4 x + 2 h − 3

increasing on ( − ∞ , − 2.5 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) , ( − ∞ , − 2.5 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) , decreasing on ( − 2.5 , 1 ) ( − 2.5 , 1 )

increasing on ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 3 , 4 ) , ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 3 , 4 ) , decreasing on ( 1 , 3 ) ∪ ( 4 , ∞ ) ( 1 , 3 ) ∪ ( 4 , ∞ )

local maximum: ( − 3 , 60 ) , ( − 3 , 60 ) , local minimum: ( 3 , − 60 ) ( 3 , − 60 )

absolute maximum at approximately ( 7 , 150 ) , ( 7 , 150 ) , absolute minimum at approximately ( −7.5 , −220 ) ( −7.5 , −220 )

Local minimum at ( 3 , − 22 ) , ( 3 , − 22 ) , decreasing on ( − ∞ , 3 ) , ( − ∞ , 3 ) , increasing on ( 3 , ∞ ) ( 3 , ∞ )

Local minimum at ( − 2 , − 2 ) , ( − 2 , − 2 ) , decreasing on ( − 3 , − 2 ) , ( − 3 , − 2 ) , increasing on ( − 2 , ∞ ) ( − 2 , ∞ )

Local maximum at ( − 0.5 , 6 ) , ( − 0.5 , 6 ) , local minima at ( − 3.25 , − 47 ) ( − 3.25 , − 47 ) and ( 2.1 , − 32 ) , ( 2.1 , − 32 ) , decreasing on ( − ∞ , − 3.25 ) ( − ∞ , − 3.25 ) and ( − 0.5 , 2.1 ) , ( − 0.5 , 2.1 ) , increasing on ( − 3.25 , − 0.5 ) ( − 3.25 , − 0.5 ) and ( 2.1 , ∞ ) ( 2.1 , ∞ )

b = 5 b = 5

2.7 gallons per minute

approximately –0.6 milligrams per day

3.4 Section Exercises

Find the numbers that make the function in the denominator g g equal to zero, and check for any other domain restrictions on f f and g , g , such as an even-indexed root or zeros in the denominator.

Yes. Sample answer: Let f ( x ) = x + 1 and  g ( x ) = x − 1. f ( x ) = x + 1 and  g ( x ) = x − 1. Then f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x − 1 ) = ( x − 1 ) + 1 = x f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x − 1 ) = ( x − 1 ) + 1 = x and g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) − 1 = x . g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) − 1 = x . So f ∘ g = g ∘ f . f ∘ g = g ∘ f .

( f + g ) ( x ) = 2 x + 6 , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 2 x + 6 , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 2 x − 6 , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 2 x − 6 , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = − x 4 − 2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x , ( f g ) ( x ) = − x 4 − 2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 6 − x 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 6 − x 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , − 6 ) ∪ ( − 6 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 6 ) ∪ ( − 6 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ )

( f + g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 + 1 2 x , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 + 1 2 x , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 − 1 2 x , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 − 1 2 x , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = x + 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = x + 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f + g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 + x − 5 , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 + x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 − x − 5 , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 − x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , domain: ( 5 , ∞ ) ( 5 , ∞ )

  • ⓑ f ( g ( x ) ) = 2 ( 3 x − 5 ) 2 + 1 f ( g ( x ) ) = 2 ( 3 x − 5 ) 2 + 1
  • ⓒ f ( g ( x ) ) = 6 x 2 − 2 f ( g ( x ) ) = 6 x 2 − 2
  • ⓓ ( g ∘ g ) ( x ) = 3 ( 3 x − 5 ) − 5 = 9 x − 20 ( g ∘ g ) ( x ) = 3 ( 3 x − 5 ) − 5 = 9 x − 20
  • ⓔ ( f ∘ f ) ( − 2 ) = 163 ( f ∘ f ) ( − 2 ) = 163

f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + 3 + 2 , g ( f ( x ) ) = x + 4 x + 7 f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + 3 + 2 , g ( f ( x ) ) = x + 4 x + 7

f ( g ( x ) ) = x + 1 x 3 3 = x + 1 3 x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x 3 + 1 x f ( g ( x ) ) = x + 1 x 3 3 = x + 1 3 x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x 3 + 1 x

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 2 x + 4 − 4 = x 2 , ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 2 x − 4 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 2 x + 4 − 4 = x 2 , ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 2 x − 4

f ( g ( h ( x ) ) ) = ( 1 x + 3 ) 2 + 1 f ( g ( h ( x ) ) ) = ( 1 x + 3 ) 2 + 1

  • ⓐ ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 3 2 − 4 x ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 3 2 − 4 x
  • ⓑ ( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ( − ∞ , 1 2 )
  • ⓐ ( 0 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( 0 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ;
  • ⓑ ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ;
  • ⓒ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( 0 , ∞ )

( 1 , ∞ ) ( 1 , ∞ )

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = x − 5 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = x − 5

sample: f ( x ) = 4 x g ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2 f ( x ) = 4 x g ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 2 x − 3 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 2 x − 3

sample: f ( x ) = x 4 g ( x ) = 3 x − 2 x + 5 f ( x ) = x 4 g ( x ) = 3 x − 2 x + 5

sample: f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x + 6 f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x + 6

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = ( x − 1 )

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 x − 2 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 x − 2

sample: f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4

f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 27 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = − 94 f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 27 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = − 94

f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 1 5 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = 5 f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 1 5 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = 5

18 x 2 + 60 x + 51 18 x 2 + 60 x + 51

g ∘ g ( x ) = 9 x + 20 g ∘ g ( x ) = 9 x + 20

( f ∘ g ) ( 6 ) = 6 ( f ∘ g ) ( 6 ) = 6 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( 6 ) = 6 ( g ∘ f ) ( 6 ) = 6

( f ∘ g ) ( 11 ) = 11 , ( g ∘ f ) ( 11 ) = 11 ( f ∘ g ) ( 11 ) = 11 , ( g ∘ f ) ( 11 ) = 11

A ( t ) = π ( 25 t + 2 ) 2 A ( t ) = π ( 25 t + 2 ) 2 and A ( 2 ) = π ( 25 4 ) 2 = 2500 π A ( 2 ) = π ( 25 4 ) 2 = 2500 π square inches

A ( 5 ) = π ( 2 ( 5 ) + 1 ) 2 = 121 π A ( 5 ) = π ( 2 ( 5 ) + 1 ) 2 = 121 π square units

  • ⓐ N ( T ( t ) ) = 23 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) 2 − 56 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) + 1 N ( T ( t ) ) = 23 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) 2 − 56 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) + 1
  • ⓑ 3.38 hours

3.5 Section Exercises

A horizontal shift results when a constant is added to or subtracted from the input. A vertical shifts results when a constant is added to or subtracted from the output.

A horizontal compression results when a constant greater than 1 is multiplied by the input. A vertical compression results when a constant between 0 and 1 is multiplied by the output.

For a function f , f , substitute ( − x ) ( − x ) for ( x ) ( x ) in f ( x ) . f ( x ) . Simplify. If the resulting function is the same as the original function, f ( − x ) = f ( x ) , f ( − x ) = f ( x ) , then the function is even. If the resulting function is the opposite of the original function, f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , then the original function is odd. If the function is not the same or the opposite, then the function is neither odd nor even.

g ( x ) = | x - 1 | − 3 g ( x ) = | x - 1 | − 3

g ( x ) = 1 ( x + 4 ) 2 + 2 g ( x ) = 1 ( x + 4 ) 2 + 2

The graph of f ( x + 43 ) f ( x + 43 ) is a horizontal shift to the left 43 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x - 4 ) f ( x - 4 ) is a horizontal shift to the right 4 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x ) + 8 f ( x ) + 8 is a vertical shift up 8 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x ) − 7 f ( x ) − 7 is a vertical shift down 7 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x + 4 ) − 1 f ( x + 4 ) − 1 is a horizontal shift to the left 4 units and a vertical shift down 1 unit of the graph of f . f .

decreasing on ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) and increasing on ( − 3 , ∞ ) ( − 3 , ∞ )

decreasing on ( 0 , ∞ ) ( 0 , ∞ )

g ( x ) = f ( x - 1 ) , h ( x ) = f ( x ) + 1 g ( x ) = f ( x - 1 ) , h ( x ) = f ( x ) + 1

f ( x ) = | x - 3 | − 2 f ( x ) = | x - 3 | − 2

f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1 f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1

f ( x ) = ( x - 2 ) 2 f ( x ) = ( x - 2 ) 2

f ( x ) = | x + 3 | − 2 f ( x ) = | x + 3 | − 2

f ( x ) = − x f ( x ) = − x

f ( x ) = − ( x + 1 ) 2 + 2 f ( x ) = − ( x + 1 ) 2 + 2

f ( x ) = − x + 1 f ( x ) = − x + 1

The graph of g g is a vertical reflection (across the x x -axis) of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 4 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal compression by a factor of 1 5 1 5 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal reflection across the y y -axis and a vertical stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f . f .

g ( x ) = | − 4 x | g ( x ) = | − 4 x |

g ( x ) = 1 3 ( x + 2 ) 2 − 3 g ( x ) = 1 3 ( x + 2 ) 2 − 3

g ( x ) = 1 2 ( x - 5 ) 2 + 1 g ( x ) = 1 2 ( x - 5 ) 2 + 1

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 2 f ( x ) = x 2 is shifted to the left 1 unit, stretched vertically by a factor of 4, and shifted down 5 units.

The graph of f ( x ) = | x | f ( x ) = | x | is stretched vertically by a factor of 2, shifted horizontally 4 units to the right, reflected across the horizontal axis, and then shifted vertically 3 units up.

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 3 f ( x ) = x 3 is compressed vertically by a factor of 1 2 . 1 2 .

The graph of the function is stretched horizontally by a factor of 3 and then shifted vertically downward by 3 units.

The graph of f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x is shifted right 4 units and then reflected across the vertical line x = 4. x = 4.

3.6 Section Exercises

Isolate the absolute value term so that the equation is of the form | A | = B . | A | = B . Form one equation by setting the expression inside the absolute value symbol, A , A , equal to the expression on the other side of the equation, B . B . Form a second equation by setting A A equal to the opposite of the expression on the other side of the equation, − B . − B . Solve each equation for the variable.

The graph of the absolute value function does not cross the x x -axis, so the graph is either completely above or completely below the x x -axis.

The distance from x to 8 can be represented using the absolute value statement: ∣ x − 8 ∣ = 4.

∣ x − 10 ∣ ≥ 15

There are no x-intercepts.

(−4, 0) and (2, 0)

( 0 , − 4 ) , ( 4 , 0 ) , ( − 2 , 0 ) ( 0 , − 4 ) , ( 4 , 0 ) , ( − 2 , 0 )

( 0 , 7 ) , ( 25 , 0 ) , ( − 7 , 0 ) ( 0 , 7 ) , ( 25 , 0 ) , ( − 7 , 0 )

range: [ – 400 , 100 ] [ – 400 , 100 ]

There is no solution for a a that will keep the function from having a y y -intercept. The absolute value function always crosses the y y -intercept when x = 0. x = 0.

| p − 0.08 | ≤ 0.015 | p − 0.08 | ≤ 0.015

| x − 5.0 | ≤ 0.01 | x − 5.0 | ≤ 0.01

3.7 Section Exercises

Each output of a function must have exactly one output for the function to be one-to-one. If any horizontal line crosses the graph of a function more than once, that means that y y -values repeat and the function is not one-to-one. If no horizontal line crosses the graph of the function more than once, then no y y -values repeat and the function is one-to-one.

Yes. For example, f ( x ) = 1 x f ( x ) = 1 x is its own inverse.

Given a function y = f ( x ) , y = f ( x ) , solve for x x in terms of y . y . Interchange the x x and y . y . Solve the new equation for y . y . The expression for y y is the inverse, y = f − 1 ( x ) . y = f − 1 ( x ) .

f − 1 ( x ) = x − 3 f − 1 ( x ) = x − 3

f − 1 ( x ) = 2 − x f − 1 ( x ) = 2 − x

f − 1 ( x ) = − 2 x x − 1 f − 1 ( x ) = − 2 x x − 1

domain of f ( x ) : [ − 7 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x − 7 f ( x ) : [ − 7 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x − 7

domain of f ( x ) : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 f ( x ) : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5

a. f ( g ( x ) ) = x f ( g ( x ) ) = x and g ( f ( x ) ) = x . g ( f ( x ) ) = x . b. This tells us that f f and g g are inverse functions

  f ( g ( x ) ) = x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x   f ( g ( x ) ) = x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x

not one-to-one

[ 2 , 10 ] [ 2 , 10 ]

f − 1 ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) 1 / 3 f − 1 ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) 1 / 3

f − 1 ( x ) = 5 9 ( x − 32 ) . f − 1 ( x ) = 5 9 ( x − 32 ) . Given the Fahrenheit temperature, x , x , this formula allows you to calculate the Celsius temperature.

t ( d ) = d 50 , t ( d ) = d 50 , t ( 180 ) = 180 50 . t ( 180 ) = 180 50 . The time for the car to travel 180 miles is 3.6 hours.

f ( − 3 ) = − 27 ; f ( − 3 ) = − 27 ; f ( 2 ) = − 2 ; f ( 2 ) = − 2 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a 2 − 3 a ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a 2 − 3 a ; − f ( a ) = 2 a 2 − 3 a ; − f ( a ) = 2 a 2 − 3 a ; f ( a + h ) = − 2 a 2 + 3 a − 4 a h + 3 h − 2 h 2 f ( a + h ) = − 2 a 2 + 3 a − 4 a h + 3 h − 2 h 2

x = − 1.8 x = − 1.8 or or  x = 1.8 or  x = 1.8

− 64 + 80 a − 16 a 2 − 1 + a = − 16 a + 64 − 64 + 80 a − 16 a 2 − 1 + a = − 16 a + 64

( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 2 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 2 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ )

increasing ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( 2 , ∞ ) ; decreasing ( − ∞ , 2 ) ( − ∞ , 2 )

increasing ( − 3 , 1 ) ; ( − 3 , 1 ) ; constant ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ )

local minimum ( − 2 , − 3 ) ; ( − 2 , − 3 ) ; local maximum ( 1 , 3 ) ( 1 , 3 )

( − 1.8 , 10 ) ( − 1.8 , 10 )

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 17 − 18 x ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 7 − 18 x ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 17 − 18 x ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 7 − 18 x

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 + x 1 + 4 x ,   x ≠ 0 ,   x ≠ − 1 4 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 + x 1 + 4 x ,   x ≠ 0 ,   x ≠ − 1 4

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x , x > 0 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x , x > 0

sample: g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 ; f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 ; f ( x ) = x

f ( x ) = | x − 3 | f ( x ) = | x − 3 |

f ( x ) = 1 2 | x + 2 | + 1 f ( x ) = 1 2 | x + 2 | + 1

f ( x ) = − 3 | x − 3 | + 3 f ( x ) = − 3 | x − 3 | + 3

f − 1 ( x ) = x - 9 10 f − 1 ( x ) = x - 9 10

f − 1 ( x ) = x - 1 f − 1 ( x ) = x - 1

The function is one-to-one.

The relation is a function.

The graph is a parabola and the graph fails the horizontal line test.

2 a 2 − a 2 a 2 − a

− 2 ( a + b ) + 1 − 2 ( a + b ) + 1

f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 3 f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 3

( − ∞ , − 1.1 ) and  ( 1.1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1.1 ) and  ( 1.1 , ∞ )

( 1.1 , − 0.9 ) ( 1.1 , − 0.9 )

f ( 2 ) = 2 f ( 2 ) = 2

f ( x ) = { | x | if x ≤ 2 3 if x > 2 f ( x ) = { | x | if x ≤ 2 3 if x > 2

x = 2 x = 2

f − 1 ( x ) = − x − 11 2 f − 1 ( x ) = − x − 11 2

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Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra/pages/1-introduction-to-prerequisites
  • Authors: Jay Abramson
  • Publisher/website: OpenStax
  • Book title: College Algebra
  • Publication date: Feb 13, 2015
  • Location: Houston, Texas
  • Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra/pages/1-introduction-to-prerequisites
  • Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/college-algebra/pages/chapter-3

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College Algebra - Exponents

Related Topics: More Lessons for College Algebra Math Worksheets

A series of free College Algebra Video Lessons from UMKC - The University of Missouri-Kansas City.

College Algebra - Lecture 3 - The powers that be - Exponents In this lecture, we discuss about powers, exponents, operations with Integer and rational exponents, square roots and nth roots.

  • Integer Exponents [12 min.]
  • Operations with Integer Exponents [31 min.]
  • Square Roots: A Pair Of Equal Factors [13 min.]
  • Nth Roots & Rational Exponents [12 min.]
  • Operations with Rational Exponents [21 min.]

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Mac1105 college algebra practice problems.

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Chapter 1 Practice Problems
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