how to make a case meaning

Aside from the common works of memorizing codal provisions, understanding legal doctrines, and reading the annotations of legal luminaries, there are still some tasks in law school that law students need to finish.

Among the additional works required to be submitted are the written or type-written case digests in different subjects. Most, if not all professors, require their students to submit specific sets of digests in order to improve the memory of those writing them. It is a proven fact that retention is better if and when students write what they are reading. Accordingly, professors see this as a tool in order to help their students learn more about various topics.

Case digests have been in law school since time immemorial. They have been said to be additional tasks for law students so that the latter may have a better understanding of the landmark cases which explain several laws and doctrines our legal system has adopted. While some law students see this as a task without a point, law professors from all over the country beg to disagree. For professors of the law, case digests must be submitted in order to inculcate discipline to law students—a character which is eventually carried out in practice.

However, most law students have a hard time writing them. Not only because some cases are kilometric in nature, but also because understanding such text-heavy materials is a different kind of burden. In several interviews with some students of the law, they see case digests as assignments that only give additional burden in the study. However, some law students believe that these case digests help them better understand an assigned case and even help them craft a good understanding of the facts, issues, and decision of an important cause. Accordingly, according to them, they better understand a case if it is them who crafted the digest and if it is them who fully discussed a case for a specific subject.

But, as mentioned, writing a case digests is not for everyone. In line with our advocacy to help students in several aspects of the study of law, we compiled some tips which would help you finish such a daunting task. In order to write an effective case digest, Barrista Solutions came up with a shortlist of tips on how to help law students write an effective case digest. Take a look at the steps on how to ease the burden of finishing the said task.

Know the syllabus first

Cases decided by the Supreme Court often explain a multitude of topics and doctrines. If you are a beginner in reading a full-text of the case and eventually writing a digest, it will be hard to determine what your professor wants to see. Accordingly, a case includes several subject matters that may not even be related to the topic of the syllabus.

In order to be effective, you must first read the syllabus and look at the topic where the case is included before reading the full text. In that way, you will be able to know what the relevant details are.

If the professor did not give a syllabus, take a look at the prescribed textbook of your professor and look at the Table of Contents of the same. More often than not, this will point out the specific topic or the most relevant topic to which the case is assigned. If there are multiple topics in which the case is designated, jot them all down and compare the same to where you are with respect to the discussion and recitations of the professor. In that way, you will know if whether your topics are behind or ahead. This is the first thing you should do before engaging in the next steps of writing a digest.

Read the full-text of the case

One of the misconceptions in reading the full-text of the case is that one needs to understand the whole of the text. This is not entirely true. As mentioned, a case decided by the Supreme Court has a multitude of topics that are discussed exhaustively. From substantive to procedural aspects, these topics are more often than not taxing and text-heavy.

Go back to tip number one and know the syllabus. If you know the topic which is related to the case you are studying, then it is now easy to read through the text of the case. In reading the full-text, it is not necessary that you memorize word for word the pronouncement of the Supreme Court. What is important is that you are able to single out specific facts, issues, and ruling that are related to the topics assigned for you to read.

Upon knowing the issue which you are assigned to read, it will already be easy to spot the proper facts and issues of the case. Understanding the full text before proceeding with writing the digest is important for you to retain the proper knowledge and wisdom behind the decision.

In short, do not rush into writing the digest. Understand first the topics of the case assigned so you can write your case digest effectively and efficiently. Accordingly, you will be able to retain in full what you have read and what you will eventually write. It will help you better understand your reading assignments as well.

Divide your digest into three parts

There are only three important parts in a case digest: the FACTS, the ISSUE, and the RULING. Upon knowing the topic you are looking for, you must be able to pinpoint these three elements in what you are reading. Remember that you must only write the relevant details pertaining to the assigned topic.

For the FACTS, you must take into consideration the pertinent discussions of the Court. Irrelevant and minute details should be dispensed with. Only write or type those which are important under your assigned topic. Backstories are not necessary UNLESS they are relatively connected to the outcome of the case. For the ISSUE, check on whether or not the topic of the case assigned is under a substantive or procedural discussion. Remember that the Supreme Court discusses these two aspects of a case. If the subject in which the case is assigned focuses on the substantive aspect of the law, then the issue of the case digest must focus on the same. If the subject in which the case is assigned focuses on the procedural aspect of the law, then the issue of the case digest must focus on the same. Do not include in your case digest issues not related to the topic. For the RULING, answer the issue you posited in the case digest.

For example, the issue is “Whether or not X is an employee of Y”

The decision or ruling should only discuss that issue. In answering the same, you must point out the elements of an employer-employee relationship, the relevant facts of the case, and the explanation of the Supreme Court in ruling the same. You do not have to include other circumstances not related to the issue you just wrote or included.

Avoid including irrelevant details

The essence of a case digest is that it is a shortened version of the actual decision. Refrain from including in your case digest irrelevant details such as the history of the case, backgrounders on the topics at hand, and matters not related to the main issue of the case.

A case digest is only effective if it summarizes the FACTS, ISSUES, and the RULING. By including irrelevant details, you will be destroying the purpose of a case digest which is to put into perspective the most important facets of the case assigned. The point of a case digest is to present in a concise manner what the case is all about and what should eventually be highlighted for a particular topic. Unless required by a professor, a law student should refrain from including in his work unnecessary words which would not only lengthen the digest but make it ineffective as well

Don’t change the text of the case

One of the common misconceptions in writing a digest is paraphrasing the decision. One must remember that the text of the case is binding. One misplaced word could change the very essence of the decision. Remember to write in verbatim what you want to include in your digest. Don’t take shortcuts. Don’t change the wordings of the Court.

In several cases decided by the Court, it was held that what is binding is not only the thought of the Supreme Court but the words written as well. If a law student tries to change or inadvertently deletes or adds a word, he or she is already committing a mistake. The word of the Supreme Court must be quoted as is where is every time there arises an opportunity to do so. In case digests, considering that these are shortened versions of the full-text decision, they must mirror the words the Supreme Court used.

One wrong word or punctuation mark could lead to an entire change in the decision. As discussed in several cases of Statutory Construction, these minute but important details must be given due attention so as to avoid altering what the Supreme Court means to discuss in a particular topic of the case.

Limit it to one or two pages

As mentioned earlier, the essence of writing a case digest is to shorten the actual decision of the Court. It would be contrary to the essence if you will be writing or producing a case digest with a lot of pages. Limiting your work to one or two pages would be appropriate not only for the professor reading your work but for you as well.

Do not listen to those who are saying that the longer the digest, the better. The essence of a case digest is to mirror the Supreme Court’s words as short as possible, without sacrificing the integrity of the case. If you really followed the steps mentioned before this last tip, then you will be able to streamline your reading assignment in a manner that it would not exceed two pages.

A better understanding of the case would lead to a short but effective case digest.

These are just some of the basic tips on how to effectively write a case digest. To all those law students who will be applying this strategy, may you all be able to grasp the essence of our means, and may this help you in your journey to become a lawyer.

For more tips, view more articles on Law School 101 .

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What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods

Published on May 8, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on January 30, 2023.

A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research.

A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods , but quantitative methods are sometimes also used. Case studies are good for describing , comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of a research problem .

When to do a case study, step 1: select a case, step 2: build a theoretical framework, step 3: collect your data, step 4: describe and analyze the case.

A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case.

Case studies are often a good choice in a thesis or dissertation . They keep your project focused and manageable when you don’t have the time or resources to do large-scale research.

You might use just one complex case study where you explore a single subject in depth, or conduct multiple case studies to compare and illuminate different aspects of your research problem.

Once you have developed your problem statement and research questions , you should be ready to choose the specific case that you want to focus on. A good case study should have the potential to:

Unlike quantitative or experimental research , a strong case study does not require a random or representative sample. In fact, case studies often deliberately focus on unusual, neglected, or outlying cases which may shed new light on the research problem.

However, you can also choose a more common or representative case to exemplify a particular category, experience or phenomenon.

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While case studies focus more on concrete details than general theories, they should usually have some connection with theory in the field. This way the case study is not just an isolated description, but is integrated into existing knowledge about the topic. It might aim to:

To ensure that your analysis of the case has a solid academic grounding, you should conduct a literature review of sources related to the topic and develop a theoretical framework . This means identifying key concepts and theories to guide your analysis and interpretation.

There are many different research methods you can use to collect data on your subject. Case studies tend to focus on qualitative data using methods such as interviews , observations , and analysis of primary and secondary sources (e.g., newspaper articles, photographs, official records). Sometimes a case study will also collect quantitative data.

The aim is to gain as thorough an understanding as possible of the case and its context.

In writing up the case study, you need to bring together all the relevant aspects to give as complete a picture as possible of the subject.

How you report your findings depends on the type of research you are doing. Some case studies are structured like a standard scientific paper or thesis , with separate sections or chapters for the methods , results and discussion .

Others are written in a more narrative style, aiming to explore the case from various angles and analyze its meanings and implications (for example, by using textual analysis or discourse analysis ).

In all cases, though, make sure to give contextual details about the case, connect it back to the literature and theory, and discuss how it fits into wider patterns or debates.

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The beginner’s guide to writing an effective business case

Nearly every project needs to be approved—whether that means getting the simple go-ahead from your team or gaining the support of an executive stakeholder. You may be familiar with using a project plan or project charter to propose a new initiative and get the green light for a project. But if your proposed project represents a significant business investment, you may need to build a business case.

If you’ve never written a business case, we’re here to help. With a few resources and a little planning, you can write a business case that will help you get the resources and support you need to manage a successful project.

What is a business case?

A business case is a document that explains the value or benefits your company will gain if you pursue a significant business investment or initiative. This initiative can be anything from the messaging for a new product or feature launch, a proposal to increase spend on a current initiative, or a significant investment with a new agency or contractor—to name a few. A compelling business case will outline the expected benefits of this significant investment decision. Key stakeholders will use the business case you provide to determine whether or not to move forward with an initiative.

If you’ve never created a business case, it may sound similar to other early project planning documentation. Here’s how it stacks up:

The difference between a business case and business plan

A business case is a proposal for a new strategy or large initiative. It should outline the business needs and benefits your company will receive from pursuing this opportunity.

A business plan , on the other hand, is an outline for a totally new business. Typically, you’d draft a business plan to map out your business strategy, your mission and vision statements, and how you’re planning on getting there. There may be a case where you create a business plan for an already-existing business, but you’d only do so if you’re trying to take your business in a significantly new direction.

Business case vs. executive summary

Business case vs. project charter.

If you need to create an elevator pitch for your project but you don’t quite need the full business case treatment, you might need a project charter. Much like a business case, a project charter outlines key details of an initiative. Specifically, a project charter will cover three main elements of your project: project objectives, project scope, and key project stakeholders. Your management team will then use the project charter to approve further project development.

Do you need a business case?

Not every project needs a business case—or even a project charter. Plan to build a business case only for initiatives or investments that will require significant business resources. If you’re working on a smaller initiative, consider creating a project charter to pitch your project idea to relevant stakeholders.

Even if you don’t need to pitch your project to any stakeholders, you should be ready to answer basic questions about your proposed project, like:

What is this project’s purpose?

Why are we working on this project?

How does this project connect to organizational goals and objectives?

Which metrics will we use to measure the success of the project ?

Who is working on this project?

When is this project going to be completed?

5 steps for creating and pitching a business case

Your business case shouldn’t just include key facts and figures—it should also tell a story of why pursuing a particular investment or initiative is a good idea for your business. When in doubt, avoid jargon and be brief—but always focus on communicating the value of the project. If this is your first time creating a business case, don’t worry. Follow these five steps to create a solid one.

1. Gather input

You don’t have to write a business case on your own. Instead, make sure appropriate team members and stakeholders are contributing to the relevant sections. For example, the IT team should be involved in any tooling and timeline decisions, while the finance team should review any budget and risk management sections. If you’re creating a business case to propose a new initiative, product line, or customer persona, make sure you also consult subject matter experts.

2. Plan to write your business case out of order

Some of the first things that appear in your business case—like your executive summary—should actually be drafted last, when you have all of the resources and information to make an informed suggestion. Your executive summary will present all of your findings and make a recommendation for the business based on a variety of factors. By gathering all of those details first—like project purpose, financial information, and project risk—you can ensure your executive summary has all of the relevant information.

3. Build your business case incrementally

A business case describes a significant investment for your company. Similarly, simply writing a business case is a significant investment of your time. Not every initiative is right for your business—so make sure you’re checking your work with stakeholders as you go. You don’t want to sink hours and weeks into this document only for it to be rejected by executive stakeholders right off the bat.

Consider doing a “soft launch” with an outline of your business case to your project sponsor or an executive stakeholder you have a good relationship with to confirm this initiative is something you should pursue. Then, as you build the different sections of your business case, check back in with your key stakeholders to confirm there are no deal-breakers.

4. Refine the document

As you create sections of your business case, you may need to go back and refine other sections. For example, once you’ve finished doing a cost-benefit analysis with your financial team, make sure you update any budget-related project risks.

Before presenting your business case, do a final read through with key stakeholders to look for any sections that can be further refined. At this stage, you’ll also want to write the executive summary that goes at the top of the document. Depending on the length of your business case, your executive summary should be one to two pages long.

5. Present the business case

The final step is to actually present your business case. Start with a quick elevator pitch that answers the what, why, and how of your proposal. Think of this presentation as your chance to explain the current business need, how your proposal addresses the need, and what the business benefits are. Make sure to address any risks or concerns you think your audience would have.

Don’t go through your business case page by page. Instead, share the document with stakeholders before the presentation so they have a chance to read through it ahead of time. Then, after your presentation, share the document again so stakeholders can dig into details.

A business case checklist

Start with the why.

The first section of the business case is your chance to make a compelling argument about the new project. Make sure you draft an argument that appeals to your audience’s interests and needs. Despite being the first section in your business case, this should be the last section you write. In addition to including the traditional elements of an executive summary , make sure you answer:

What business problem is your project solving? This is your chance to explain why your project is important and why executive stakeholders should consider pursuing this opportunity.

What is your business objective ? What happens at the end of a successful project? How will you measure success—and what does a successful project mean for your business?

How does this business case fit into your overall company business strategy plan? Make sure your proposed business case is connected to important company goals . The initiative proposed in your business case should move the needle towards your company's vision statement .

Outline financials and the return on investment

At this point in your business case, you should outline the project finance fundamentals. Don’t expect to create this section on your own—you should draft this in partnership with your company’s finance team. In particular, this section should answer:

How much will this project cost? Even if the initiative is completely new to your company, do some research to estimate the project costs.

What does each individual component of the project cost? In addition to estimating the total overall cost, break down the different project costs. For example, you might have project costs for new tools and resources, competitive intelligence resourcing, agency costs, etc.

What is the expected return on investment (ROI)? You’ve talked about the costs—now talk about how your company will benefit from this initiative. Make sure to explain how you calculated the ROI, too.

How will this project impact cash flow? Cash flow is the amount of money being transferred into and out of your business. Significant investments are going to cost a lot of money, so they’ll negatively impact cash flow—but you should also expect a high ROI, which will positively impact cash flow.

What is the sensitivity analysis? Sensitivity analysis is a summary of how uncertain your numbers are. There will be a variety of variables that impact your business case. Make sure to explain what those variables are, and how that could impact your projections.

Preview project details

Your business case is proposing a new initiative. In addition to the financial risks, take some time to preview project details. For example, your business case should include:

Your project objectives and key project deliverables . What will happen at the end of the project? What are you expecting to create or deliver once the project is over?

Your project plan . A project plan is a blueprint of the key elements your team needs to accomplish in order to successfully achieve your project goals.

The project scope . What are the boundaries of your project? What exact goals, deliverables, and deadlines will you be working towards?

A list of relevant project stakeholders . Who are the important project stakeholders and key decision makers for this work? This can include the members of the project team that would be working on this initiative, executive stakeholders who would sponsor the project, and any external stakeholders who might be involved.

A general project roadmap in a Gantt-chart like view. At this stage in the process, you don’t need to provide a detailed project timeline, but you should outline a general sense of when each project stage will happen in relation to the others. To do this, create a project roadmap in Gantt-chart like software . Make sure to include any important project milestones in your roadmap as well.

Any important project dependencies. Is there anything that would get in the way of this project getting started? Does this work rely on any other work that’s currently in flight?

Discuss project risks

Once you’ve outlined the financial impact and important project details, make sure you include any potential project risks. If you haven’t already, create a project risk management plan for your business case. Project risk management isn’t the process of eliminating risk—instead, it’s about identifying, analyzing, and proactively responding to any potential project risks. Clearly defining each project risk and how that risk might impact your project can best equip you and the project team to manage and avoid those risks.

In the risk section of your business case, include:

A risk analysis of any potential project risks. What is the risk? How likely is it to happen? What is the priority level of this risk?

What, if any, assumptions you are making. In project risk management, assumptions are anything you think will be true about the project, without those details being guaranteed facts. Basing project decisions around an assumption can open your project up to risk. Make sure you ratify every project assumption to avoid jeopardizing project success.

Any comparable alternatives in the market. If you’re writing a business case to pitch a new product or angle in the market, evaluate anything that already exists. Could the alternative impact your financial assessment or project success?

Develop an action plan

In the final section of your business case, outline how you will turn this business case into an actionable project. This section should answer questions like:

How will decisions be made? Who is responsible for the project? Who is the project sponsor? If you haven’t already, consider creating a RACI chart to outline project responsibilities.

How will progress be measured and reported? Not every project stakeholder needs to be notified of every project change. Outline key parts of your project communication plan , as well as how you’ll communicate project status updates .

What is the next course of action? If the management team ratifies this business case, what next steps will you take to put this into action?

Bring your business case to life

You’ve built a solid business case and it’s been ratified—congratulations! The next step is to bring your business case to life. It can be intimidating to initiate large-scale change , and implementing your business case is no exception.

If you haven’t already, make sure you have a project management tool in place to manage and organize your new initiative. With a central source of truth to track who’s doing what by when, share status updates, and keep project stakeholders in the loop, you can turn a great business case into a successful project.

Related resources

The best project planning software of 2023

7 steps to crafting a winning event proposal (with template)

What is capacity planning? Tips to apply the right strategy

3 elements every project charter needs

Case by case or Case-by-case? (Helpful Examples)

When you want to use “case by case” in your writing, it will help to know whether it’s hyphenated or not. Some people write it as more than one or two words, so this article will help to clear up any confusion you might have surrounding it.

Case by case vs. Case-by-case

“Case by case” does not need to be hyphenated when it is used as a noun phrase. We use it in this form when no other nouns are present to modify. “Case-by-case” should be hyphenated whenever a noun is present, and a modification is required.

According to Google Ngram Viewer , “case-by-case” is more popular as a hyphenated variation. However, it’s also clear that “case by case” is still a suitable option. It depends entirely on what you are writing about and whether another noun is present.

Case by case or Case-by-case - Statistics

The Oxford Dictionary defines “case by case” without any hyphens present, while The Cambridge Dictionary defines “case-by-case” with the hyphens. Oxford states the unhyphenated form is a “phrase,” while Cambridge states the hyphenated form is an “adjective.”

However, The Oxford Dictionary also provides examples showing how the hyphenated form works as an adjective. When a noun comes directly after the words, we can see that we must group them up with hyphens to change the meaning.

If you’re struggling to understand the main differences between the noun and adjective form, you can refer to the following:

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Case by case

“Case by case” is correct when it is a noun phrase. We do not use it to modify any other part of the sentence, and it shows that something will be tackled systematically or with a “case by case” approach. Any hyphenation in this form would be unnecessary.

The idea of using it without hyphens is to show that “case” and “case” are affected by the preposition “by.” This shows that each “case” will be looked at independently until an answer is worked out.

You might benefit from a couple of these examples:

Case-by-case

“Case-by-case” should be hyphenated when it’s used as an adjective. In this form, it’s common for a noun to come directly after it. The hyphens work as connectors to show that the three words all group up to change the meaning of the noun.

According to the AP Stylebook, we must hyphenate more than one word when they are used to modify the same noun. We can figure out whether this is required based on the position of the noun in a sentence.

For example, if a noun like “basis” is written after “case by case,” then AP Style teaches us to hyphen “case-by-case” to show that all three words modify “basis.”

Here are a few examples to help you with it:

Is “By-Case” Capitalized In The Word “Case-By-Case”?

You typically do not need to capitalize any part of “case-by-case.” You would only capitalize it if it’s a proper noun, but we use the hyphenated form as an adjective with no proper nouns inside it.

However, when writing it as part of a title, you might choose to capitalize every part of the word. This only works if you like to capitalize every other word that’s written in your title.

Martin holds a Master’s degree in Finance and International Business. He has six years of experience in professional communication with clients, executives, and colleagues. Furthermore, he has teaching experience from Aarhus University. Martin has been featured as an expert in communication and teaching on Forbes and Shopify. Read more about Martin here .

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Meaning of case in English

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case noun ( SITUATION )

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

case noun ( PROBLEM )

case noun ( CONTAINER )

case noun ( ARGUMENT )

case noun ( GRAMMAR )

case noun ( WRITING )

case | American Dictionary

Case noun [c] ( situation ), case noun [c] ( problem ), case noun [c] ( argument ), case noun [c] ( container ), case noun [c] ( grammar ), case | business english, examples of case, collocations with case.

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consisting of separate parts that, when combined, form a complete whole

On its last legs (Describing the condition of objects, Part 1)

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Did YNW Melly win his murder case or has the trial begun in 2023?

YNW Melly fans want to know if he has already won his court case and if the rapper is set free in 2023, thanks to a lot of misinformation flying around since the latest development in his murder trial.

YNW Melly has been locked up in the Broward Country Jail in Florida since February 2019 after he was charged with two counts of first-degree murder following the death of two of his childhood friends.

The murder trial which was initially slated for June 5 is reportedly moved to a few weeks later, while the jury selection has begun.

ALSO READ: What does it mean to 302 someone as Bam Margera turns himself in?

Did YNW Melly win his murder case in 2023?

No, YNW Melly hasn’t won the case stemming from his murder charges as of Tuesday, June 6, 2023. The trial is yet to begin and it is reportedly expected to start in the third week of June.

If convicted of the murder of his fellow rappers, Melly could face the death penalty. Although the jury is yet to give its verdict, following the trial which will only begin a few weeks later, trolls are spreading rumors that the rapper is dead .

And some fans, who appear to be unaware of the law and its implication on the case, are under the assumption he’s already free, while others are hoping it comes true soon.

As the rapper was denied bond, he is currently in prison in Florida.

READ MORE: YNW Melly claimed in his last prison release update he would be home in 2022

Prosecutors are seeking the death penalty

For the unversed, Melly’s would be one of the first cases to go on trial for the death penalty after Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis signed the bill to allow jurors to propose capital punishment without a unanimous vote.

Earlier in May this year, Ron signed the bill after the jury’s decision to sentence the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooter to life when the votes stood at 9 to 3 in favor of the death penalty.

However, the tweaked law, which also has the lowest threshold for the death penalty, can sentence the convict to death with votes as few as 8-4. Meaning, capital punishment can be issued against a criminal even if four of the twelve jurors vote against the motion in the case of a split decision.

Previously, the votes had to be unanimous for the court to proceed with the death penalty.

Rapper charged with murder of his friends

In February 2019, Melly was arrested and charged with two counts of first-degree murder after it was reported that the rapper, along with another suspect, YNW Bortlen, had fatally shot two of his friends.

The victims, Christopher Thomas Jr and Anthony Williams, and Melly were of the same crew based in Florida.

The rapper’s music career was at its peak at the time of his arrest, having collaborated with Kanye West for the mixtape, We All Shine, and it was also around the same time his 2017 single, Murder on My Mind, was certified gold.

He pleaded not guilty, but the bond was denied. The motion for the death penalty was also dropped in July 2022, before the prosecutors decided to propose it again a few months later.

MORE: Who is Andre Rison's wife now? Lisa Lopez met him in a club just like Left Eye

Is Zoom Settlement Email Mentioning EpiqPay a Scam or Legit?

The email message contained this name and number for the case: "zoom video communications, inc. privacy litigation, case no. 3:20-cv-02155-lb.", jordan liles, published may 31, 2023.

About this rating

This email was part of a genuine settlement and not a scam. It notified Zoom users who had filed claims before March 5, 2022, that they would soon be able to choose a payment method to receive payment. Further, any email messages from reward [email protected] about settlement payments were also legitimate.

In late May 2023, we received inquiries from readers asking if an email message from the company EpiqPay about a class-action lawsuit settlement involving Zoom, the video conferencing software company, was a scam or legit. The subject line read, "Zoom Video Communications Settlement: Notice of Upcoming Settlement Payment."

We can confirm that a message from [email protected] that directs recipients to the URL zoommeetingsclassaction.com was a legitimate notification about a class-action settlement. The email notified Zoom users who previously filed claims that they would soon be able to choose a payment method for a payout.

EpiqPay is one of several products from the legal and business services company Epiq. According to epiqglobal.com , EpiqPay is "an easy, convenient, fast, and secure payment distribution method [for] claimants."

We reached out to both Zoom and EpiqPay by email for further information. We did not receive responses before this story published, and any further details about the in-question email message will be added to this article when we have them.

What's the Lawsuit About?

According to The Guardian , this settlement began with 14 class-action complaints from Zoom users who said the video conferencing platform violated their privacy and security.

The complaints were filed between March and May of 2020. At the time, the U.S. was experiencing its first major COVID-19 outbreak. Businesses and churches turned to Zoom's video conferencing software to hold virtual meetings, as workers and parishioners stayed home.

The settlement website, zoommeetingsclassaction.com, listed four reasons why the lawsuit was brought against the company.

Among them was "Zoom-bombing," a term that refers to situations in which someone who was not invited to a video conferencing meeting joins the call to disrupt its proceedings. For example, members of at least two California churches sued, joining the lawsuit, after they said they were traumatized by uninvited users joining Zoom meetings and displaying images of child sex abuse and physical abuse.

Other reasons for the lawsuit referenced two separate purported methods of Zoom allegedly sharing users' information without authorization and a dispute over whether end-to-end encryption was properly implemented in the video conferencing software.

Who Won the Lawsuit?

According to the settlement website, a judge did not decide in favor of either side in the case. Instead, the two sides settled. The website stated:

Zoom denies these allegations, denies any liability whatsoever, and believes that no member of the Settlement Class, including the Plaintiffs, has sustained any damages or injuries due to these allegations. The Court did not decide in favor of the Plaintiffs or Zoom. Instead, both sides have agreed to the Settlement. Both sides want to avoid the risk and cost of further litigation. Plaintiffs and Class Counsel also believe that the Settlement is in the best interests of the Settlement Class. Zoom has agreed to pay $85 million to settle the Action. As part of the Settlement, Zoom also has agreed to make certain changes to its policies and practices that benefit Settlement Class Members, pursuant to Section 3 of the Settlement Agreement .

How Much Money Will Users Who Filed Claims Receive?

For users who submitted claims before the March 5, 2022, deadline, here's what the settlement website says they can expect:

Paid Subscription Claim: If you are a Class Member who paid for a Zoom Meetings App subscription between March 30, 2016, and July 30, 2021, you are eligible to file a claim for $25 or 15% of the money you paid to Zoom for the core App subscription (i.e., not including optional add-on features/support that customers may add to their subscriptions) during that time, whichever is greater. For example, if you spent $75 on a Zoom Meetings App subscription during the relevant time period, 15% of $75 is $11.25. Because $11.25 is less than $25, your claim will be treated as a claim for $25. User Claim: If you registered, used, opened, or downloaded the Zoom Meeting App between March 30, 2016, and July 30, 2021, and you are not eligible to submit a Paid Subscription Claim, you are eligible to file a claim for $15.

How Will Users Get Paid?

According to the Zoom settlement website, EpiqPay payment and reminder emails contain a "Claim Payment" link that takes users to a "payment dashboard" where they can select a method for receiving a payout. Any correspondence from rewards@tremendous.com would also be legitimate, the website explained:

Depending on the method of payment you choose, you may be asked to confirm your selection or provide one or two pieces of information so your payment can be processed. After that, you will receive a small number of interim notifications from our payment partner [email protected] letting you know your payment is 'in process', and eventually you will receive a link to your payment card, if you chose that as your option. Contact information for our payment partner is available on these notifications, in case you experience any issues using your card. ... Emails regarding digital payments for this matter commenced on May 31, 2023, and digital payments will be available to claim through September 28, 2023. During that window, Epiq digital payment emails were or will be sent from [email protected], so please review your inbox for messages from that email address. Due to variability in individual recipient email account SPAM and junk security settings, users are encouraged to review their junk and SPAM folders in case the digital payment emails went to those locations.

The settlement website also said that while digital payments will be processed quickly, the money may take up to five business days to arrive, and that any users who chose to receive a check should expect it within four to six weeks.

"EpiqPay - Class Action Payments." Epiq , https://www.epiqglobal.com/en-us/technologies/epiqpay.

"US Church Sues after Bible Study 'Zoombombed' by Child Abuse." BBC News , 14 May 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52668124.

Webster, Sophie. "Zoom to Pay $85M to Users Affected by the Zoombombing Lawsuit." Tech Times , 23 Apr. 2022, https://www.techtimes.com/articles/274667/20220423/zoom-agrees-pay-85m-part-zoombombing-lawsuit.htm.

Yang, Maya. "Zoom Agrees to 'Historic' $85m Payout for Graphic Zoombombing Claims." The Guardian , 23 Apr. 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/22/zoom-settlement-zoombombing-lawsuit.

Zoom Video Communications Litigation - Home . https://www.zoommeetingsclassaction.com/.

By Jordan Liles

Jordan Liles is a Senior Reporter who has been with Snopes since 2016.

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Turned Away and Left at Sea

How a video sent to the times exposed what happened to migrants in greece..

Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Produced by Rachelle Bonja , Shannon Lin and Diana Nguyen

With Michael Simon Johnson

Edited by M.J. Davis Lin

Original music by Marion Lozano , Dan Powell and Rowan Niemisto

Engineered by Chris Wood

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Stitcher | Amazon Music

A few weeks ago, footage showing asylum seekers, including young children, being rounded up, taken to sea and abandoned on a raft by the Greek Coast Guard was sent to The New York Times.

Matina Stevis-Gridneff, The Times’s bureau chief in Brussels, discusses how she proved the truth of the tip that a major European government was carrying out an illegal scheme risking the lives of civilians.

On today’s episode

Matina Stevis-Gridneff , the Brussels bureau chief for The New York Times.

A blue and white ferry is floating at sea. A speedboat is at the stern. Multiple people are moving between the two vessels.

Background reading

Greece has said that it doesn’t ditch migrants at sea. But it was caught in the act .

The Times’s investigation into the video points to a slew of Greek, European Union and international law violations .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Matina Stevis-Gridneff contributed reporting.

Special thanks to Fayad Mulla.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Dave Shaw, Sydney Harper, Robert Jimison, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Anita Badejo, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Sofia Milan, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong and Devon Taylor

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Facebook's $725 Million Privacy Settlement: How to Get Your Share of the Money

A class-action lawsuit alleges that Facebook's parent company, Meta, improperly shared users' data with Cambridge Analytica and others.

If you're among the estimated 190 million Facebook users in the US, you may have heard that you're eligible for part of a massive $725 million settlement.

Many users have received a message about a lawsuit alleging the social media giant "shared people's data with third parties and didn't monitor how that data was accessed and shared."

This may seem fishy, but it's actually legit: In 2018, Facebook was accused of improperly sharing members' personal information with outside organizations, including Cambridge Analytica , a UK political consulting firm with ties to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.

It's believed info associated with as many as 87 million Facebook users was shared.

After years of legal maneuvering, Meta finally agreed to settle a subsequent class action lawsuit in December 2022. Eligible Facebook users are now filing claims for a portion of the settlement.

In a statement, Facebook's parent corporation, Meta, said it agreed to the deal because "it's in the best interest of our community and shareholders." "Over the last three years, we revamped our approach to privacy and implemented a comprehensive privacy program," the company added. "We look forward to continuing to build services people love and trust with privacy at the forefront." Here's what you need to know about the Facebook settlement, including who is eligible for payment and how to file a claim.

Read on: Meta Agrees to $5 Billion FTC Settlement Over Cambridge Analytica

Who can get money from the Facebook settlement?

Anyone who lived in the US and used Facebook between May 24, 2007, and Dec. 22, 2022, is considered eligible for the class settlement.

How do I file a claim in the Facebook case?

You must submit a valid claim online or mail in a completed print form to:

Facebook Consumer Privacy User Profile Litigation c/o Settlement Administrator 1650 Arch Street, Suite 2210 Philadelphia, PA 19103 All claims must be submitted or postmarked by Aug. 25, 2023, at 11:59 p.m. PT.

How much money can I get from the Facebook settlement?

The amount of money each individual will receive depends on how long they had a Facebook account and how many total valid claims are submitted. Class members can choose to have their funds distributed by direct deposit, Venmo, Zelle, PayPal or prepaid Mastercard.

When will I receive my money?

A final approval hearing for the settlement is scheduled for Sept. 7, 2023. Any distribution would happen after that, though the process could be delayed by appeals.

If you want to retain your right to pursue litigation against Meta separately, you must request to opt out of the settlement by July 26, 2023.

The editorial content on this page is based solely on objective, independent assessments by our writers and is not influenced by advertising or partnerships. It has not been provided or commissioned by any third party. However, we may receive compensation when you click on links to products or services offered by our partners.

Tax season doesn't have to be confusing

We Need Arnold Schwarzenegger's FUBAR Season 2 ASAP

The action/comedy spy show is a blast—and we can't wait for more.

The following story contains spoilers for FUBAR Season 1 on Netflix.

THIS YEAR has already been a big year for spies and espionage on TV. We aren't even halfway through the 2023, and already we've seen The Night Agent and The Diplomat on Netflix, Rabbit Hole on Paramount+, and the mega-budgeted Citadel on Prime Video. Netflix's latest entry in this expansive field is FUBAR, an action/comedy that may not have a $300 million budget, but has something those other shows could only dream of: Arnold Schwarzenegger.

The 75-year-old movie icon leads FUBAR as super spy Luke Brunner to what it works absolutely best as: a True Lies -esque story that jumps from thrills to jokes and is never boring for even a minute. Schwarzenegger is cracking jokes just as often as he's kicking ass, and just as it worked throughout his career (and especially in the James Cameron-directed True Lies) , it works here. FUBAR is a fun show that audiences will likely binge in only a handful of sittings at the most and not regret their choice one bit.

But when you're done making your way through the action and the laughs, there's going to be one more question: will FUBAR be back ASAP? Or is this show going to go MIA?

Will there be a Season 2 of FUBAR?

fubar l to r monica barbaro as emma brunner, jay baruchel as carter perlmutter, arnold schwarzenegger as luke brunner in episode 101 of fubar cr amanda matlovichnetflix © 2023

We don't know for sure whether there will be a Season 2 of FUBAR just yet, but given the way Season 1 of the show ends (with a cliffhanger) and with the streamer's seemingly overwhelmingly positive relationship with Mr. Schwarzenegger—it also has a three-part documentary on his life coming out, and prominently featured him in a new marketing video—it seems very likely that the show will return for another go-around.

That said, it will always ultimately depend on the audience turning out. FUBAR seems likely to be liked, watched, and embraced by audiences, but stranger things have happened in the past. We will have to wait and see.

When could we expect Season 2 of FUBAR to come out?

fubar l to r travis van winkle as aldon reece, fortune feimster as roo russell, monica barbaro as emma brunner, arnold schwarzenegger as luke brunner in episode 107 of fubar cr courtesy of netflix © 2023

Filming for Season 1 of FUBAR began in April 2022, in time for the show to be released in May 2023. So by that logic, if the show is a hit and gets a relatively quick season 2 pickup, we could expect to see Season 2 on Netflix about a year and change later.

Fall 2024 may be the optimistic timing for FUBAR Season 2.

What would Season 2 of FUBAR be about?

fubar l to r aparna brielle as tina mukerji, scott thompson as dr louis pfeffer, milan carter as barry putt in episode 107 of fubar cr courtesy of netflix © 2023

There's lots to dive into for Season 2 of FUBAR, starting with the cliffhanger from the end of Season 1; Luke, Emma, and the rest of their close friends and family are all on the run after their identities were compromised. Luke declares it as the season comes to a close: It's FUBAR (meaning Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition).

That means Season 2 will likely be first and foremost about our heroes finding new identities and new missions in a brand new location.

There are more throughlines of FUBAR to consider for Season 2 as well, though. Just as the chaos broke out at the wedding, Luke had just professed his love for Tally, finally able to open himself up now that he was really retired. Except, whoops, seem like the job may have found him again. We'll see how that turns out (and if poor Donnie gets the short end of the stick again).

There's also the unresolved love triangle between Emma, Carter, and Alden. Who knows where that will go but it's likely to come up again. One relationship going well is that between Barry and Tiny, except... well, Tina was very mysteriously and sketchily talking to someone in Russian on the phone at the tail end of the Season 1 finale. So she's probably a mole and poor Barry is probably being played like a fiddle. Not cool, but it's a spy show after all.

Who would be in the FUBAR Season 2 cast?

fubar l to r fortune feimster as roo russell, milan carter as barry putt, aparna brielle as tina mukerji, travis van winkle as aldon reece, arnold schwarzenegger as luke brunner in episode 104 of fubar cr christos kalohoridisnetflix © 2023

We could expect most of our primary FUBAR Season 1 cast to return for a potential Season 2. That means Arnold Schwarzenegger (as Luke), Monica Barbaro (as Emma), Jay Baruchel (as Carter), Fortune Feimster (as Roo), Travis Van Winkle (as Alden), Milan Carter (as Barry), Fabiana Udenio (as Tally), Andy Buckley (as Donnie), and Aparna Brielle (as Tina) are all likely to return. We could even expect special guest stars Tom Arnold (in a great True Lies reunion) and Adam Pally (in a very funny brief appearance) back in the same limited capacity.

The one person we can probably rule out from making a return, however, is Gabriel Luna as the villainous Boro, considering he got shot about 50 times (including one final time by Roo at close range) in the Season 1 finale. But he also survived a nuclear blast earlier in the episode, so all the Boro stans out there can hold out a sliver of hope if they really want to.

Evan is the culture editor for Men’s Health, with bylines in The New York Times, MTV News, Brooklyn Magazine, and VICE. He loves weird movies, watches too much TV, and listens to music more often than he doesn’t.

.css-82v9cx:before{background-color:#d2232e;color:#fff;content:'';display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:calc(40% - .1875rem);width:100%;z-index:-1;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-82v9cx:before{height:0.3rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-82v9cx:before{height:0.4rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-82v9cx:before{height:0.625rem;}} What To Watch On Netflix

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the ultimatum queer love l to r xander boger, vanessa papa in episode 101 of the ultimatum queer love cr courtesy of netflix © 2023

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Variety Print Plus Subscriber

‘Here Lies Love’ Producers and the Union Demanding a Live Orchestra Debate What’s at Stake for Broadway’s Future (EXCLUSIVE)

While the Broadway musicians' union insists 'Here Lies Love' needs a 19-piece orchestra, Filipino producers say they qualify for an exemption to use tracks, because the 'karaoke' aspect is essential to the milieu of the Philippines. With both sides standing on principle, it may not get settled before the show opens.

"Here Lies Love" at the Broadway Theatre

In front of the Broadway Theatre at the corner of Broadway and 53rd Street in Manhattan are posters for the venue’s incoming production, “ Here Lies Love ,” advertising a score by David Byrne and Fatboy Slim and direction by the ground-breaking Tony winner Alex Timbers. The show’s logo is superimposed over a mirror ball, literally reflecting the production’s highly unusual immersive nightclub setting, a semi-ironic counterpoint to a sobering story about the rise and fall of fascistic Filipino power couple Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos in the ‘60s, ‘70s and ‘80s. The tag line above that disco totem: “The Revolutionary Music Experience.”

The union is demanding the employment of a 19-piece live orchestra, as mandated by contracts, barring negotiated “special situation” exemptions. Producers want the show to be presented as it has been in other productions for the last 10 years, with actors singing mostly to pre-recorded backing tracks, which they say is not a cost measure but an inherent reflection of the dance-club ethos and karaoke culture of the Phillipines. The 802 said in its initial statement that the union is acting as a “gatekeeper for standards of live performance in theatre, pushing back against the cheapening of our art.” The show’s Filipino producers, meanwhile, are expressing offense to being subject to “gatekeepers” and what they see as “the language of exclusion” in the “offensive” notion that “karaoke, essential in Filipino spirit and how we are as people, is a cheapened way of art.”

Variety spoke with “Here Lies Love’s” Clint Ramos and Jose Antonio Vargas, the two Filipinos among the show’s five producers, who haven’t spoken publicly about the dispute until now, as well as Tino Gagliardi, president of Local 802, who went public at the end of May with a dispute that had been quietly simmering since the production was first announced five months ago.

“This is an artistic enterprise, where the use of the tracks and karaoke and how that’s deployed has artistic merit and value,” says Vargas. “And that’s what’s been missing in this entire conversation, with this idea that we’re greedy producers. We are not career producers; basically, we look at this as a cultural project. This is so deeply tied to our identity as Filipinos that we actually came on and raised money and have been in conversations with the creative team guiding the show in a binational way all along.

“They said, ‘As artists, we are constantly the gatekeeper for the standards of live performance in theater, pushing back against the cheapening of our art.’ To us, that is the coded language of exclusion,” Vargas continues. “Them saying that karaoke is not a valid piece of art reeks of marginialization. This idea that we are somehow cheapening the art with it is just deeply insulting and offensive.”

Adds Ramos, “The form of the show, in the way David (Byrne) conceived of it through karaoke and also through dance track acts, is inherent to the show. And their dismissing a tradition that’s deeply inculcated in our culture is triggering. I know this because I’m from the Philippines and Jose is from the Philippines, where karaoke is embedded in our daily life. We celebrate with karaoke, and we mourn with karaoke. The Marcoses used karaoke as a political tool. And also, I would say that in the larger AAPI diaspora, it is a way for AAPI folks in the United States to actually tether themselves to home.

“This is in the DNA of the show,” he continues. “The dichotomy of recorded music and live music present in our show is absolutely important.” Actors portraying revolutionaries sing and play acoustic instruments at the very end of the show — the first and only time live instrumentation is heard — which is meant to provide a stark contrast to the often fun but synthetic quality of the tracks that otherwise predominate. “It’s actually central to the show’s thesis, which has always been like this ever since it’s been performed. So the moment we announced the transfer, the Broadway League, which represents us, started this conversation with Local 802. We have been in good faith following this process, saying this is why we qualify for ‘special situations’ [as an exemption]. We are following the rules. And then, during Memorial Day weekend, they decided to adjudicate this over media.”

But the 802’s Gagliardi is not buying the other side’s contention that foregoing a live band for tracks is essential to the cultural ethos of “Here Lies Love” and not just about cost-cutting, pure and simple.

Gagliardi is also not impressed by the argument that “Here Lies Love” was done with tracks in its three previous productions — at the Public in New York in 2013, followed by Seattle Rep and the National Theatre in London. “I look at what David Byrne had done in the past in regard to the other productions of the show that he did, which were small regional theaters off-Broadway that didn’t have the tech or the resources that Broadway has to offer in order to make this something really substantial. … But if this is really what he wanted to do, then Terminal 5, I understand, is looking for people to rent their place. And maybe that’s the more appropriate spot for something like this. Why are you taking up space in a Broadway theater, which is where a particular cultural icon of America lives, which is musical theater?”

These questions won’t be just theoretical for long. The production is moving into the Broadway Theatre for previews that begin June 17, in advance of an official opening night July 20. If the mandated negotiations continue to be at a stalemate and the dispute finally proceeds to arbitration — as both sides have suggested is strongly possible — a judgment would likely arrive well after the show is up and running.

So it’s possible “Here Lies Love” could open in its existing form, and then be compelled to hire and write scores for a large band weeks into its run, if an arbitration board favors the union. Or, if arbiters were to rule in favor of the production, no change of plans would be necessary… but union members and supporters could still bring negative attention to the show, if their wants are thwarted. Any negotiated compromise seems far off, with both sides claiming the philosophical as well as practical high ground.

If the idea is to not have the music sound “live,” Gagliardi says a live band can produce music just as synthetic-sounding as the tracks being used. “The fact of the matter is there are musicals running on Broadway right now that are creating exactly the same kind of musical effect that David Byrne is looking for,” says the union head. “With ‘MJ, the Musical,’ the whole concept behind that uses a live orchestra to recreate the songs of Michael Jackson exactly the way you would’ve remembered it if you were listening on your Walkman with your headphones. And the other one that I would cite as an example is ‘& Juliet.’ So what David Byrne is trying to accomplish is not unusual. This is something we do as professional musicians, and we have the tech on the boards that can absolutely make a way to find whatever nuance that David Byrne wants to add to this.”

“David Byrne and we and the creative team revere live music,” says Ramos. “The idea that we’re not going to use live musicians is something that I want to correct, because there are live actor-musicians on stage. Live music here is actually deployed in a such a powerful way, that it represents freedom, it represents liberation, it represents the highest of human values. Because what you have before this live music moment are the tracks, which represent the artificiality and the sort of false world that the Marcoses had created. David has considered the quality of music that is inherent to the storytelling of this show. These actor-musicians are playing those instruments in a part where they’ve actually as people set themselves free.” Adds Vargas, “We basically pull a rug out from under you … The show has always been a Trojan horse. You’re dancing around with dictators in this disco track music and then by the end when the people’s revolution happens, that’s when it’s a solo guitar…”

Not that he means to disparage the disco tracks as inherently fascistic. “Every Filipino can tell you what their first karaoke song was, from when they were 7 or 8. … That’s why it was brilliant that David went to the Philippines, saw there’s a karaoke machine anywhere, whether it’s a poor family or the Marcoses, and made that a part of the show in respecting and appreciating the culture… As a Filipino, this idea that this is less a piece of art is insulting and reductive.”

Opinions differ, obviously, over whether “Here Lies Love” should qualify for the exemption from 19 musicians that can either be negotiated or, as seems likely here, go to arbitration.

Says Gagliardi, “In 2003, Broadway musicians went on strike; we shut down Broadway for about a week. It was devastating for everybody because the opening proposal from the Broadway League was to eliminate the minimum number of musicians required for the theaters altogether. They wanted zero. At the time, the union that represents Broadway musicians was trying to find an artistic way to accommodate when a show or a producer shows up with a different concept — for example, ‘The Buddy Holly Story.’ How many musicians were in the Buddy Holly band? There were four. So we have a clause in the contract called ‘special situations.’ But that provision was never created to offer an opportunity to hire no musicians. You know, this is zero here. These are tracks, and our contract explicitly prohibits the use of tracks in the place of live musicians. And they’re trying to use the special situation in order to eliminate that altogether. I’m telling you, man, the Broadway community is up in arms over this.”

One significant factual dispute is over whether “Here Lies Love” will be eligible for the Tony for best musical in 2024 if it proceeds without an orchestra. The 802 has pointed back to a controversy over the 2000 musical “Contact,” which caused a huge stir at the time by winning the best musical Tony despite having only tracks and no live music or even singing. Union reps say that rules for eligibility were changed as a result of that brouhaha, and believe that “Here Lies Love” will be ineligible for Tonys in musical categories if it continues without a live band. The producers of “Here Lies Love,” for their part, are firm in contending no such Tony rules exist.

Gagliardi says, “What happened with ‘Contact’ — and why it was such an uproar with the Broadway community was that it was a musical that was eligible for the Tony Award that had no musicians. It was all tracks. So the agreement that was reached with the Tony committee was that no musical that uses no musicians can be eligible for a (musical) Tony Award. That’s how that panned out. Basically what happened after that, because they won the Tony, was that the Tony committee was no longer going to consider musicals that don’t hire any musicians at all to be eligible for a Tony Award. Now, how that’s going to pan out with this, I have no idea.”

But “Contact,” an all-dance show, went beyond having no musicians; it didn’t have any songs or any actors doing any singing, either. The result of the controversy at the time was that the Tonys created a new award, best special theatrical event, that would cover shows lacking those traditional elements of theater that wouldn’t normally fall under either play or musical… but it was discontinued after 2009.

Meanwhile, “Here Lies Love” producers strongly dispute that the Tonys ever made a rule that band-less musicals could not compete, and forwarded to Variety a recent copy of the Tonys’ eligibility requirements, which make no mention of criteria for what constitutes an eligible musical. Says show publicist Adrian Bryan-Brown, “Everything we know of the guidelines for Tony Award eligibility, which are publicly available on the Tony Awards website for reference, give confidence that ‘Here Lies Love’ will be determined by the Tony Awards Administration Committee to be eligible as a Broadway musical.”

What comes next in potentially resolving the dispute? A couple of steps: First, a committee is to be formed with members of the Broadway League, the 802 and some mutually agreed-upon neutral parties, to attempt to find a solution that is satisfactory to everyone involved. If a solution or compromise is not found to mollify both sides, then the case will be heard and decided upon by the American Arbitration Association. How long this process could take is anyone’s guess.

The production is unhappy that, in their view, the union is already applying undue pressure by circulating petitions and statements, and the producers cite instances in which their cast members are being DM-ed or tagged online. Says Vargas, “Can you imagine that so many of our company members are making their Broadway debuts, in a historic all-Filipino cast, and some of the messages they’re getting with people DMing them on social media? We need them to stop that and follow the procedure.”

The show’s meaning to the Filipino community is one that Vargas and Ramos continually state, in relation to but also apart from the current dispute. Ironically, perhaps, the controversy that was headed off when the show was first produced in the 2010s was whether, as a so-called “disco musical,” it would trivialize or even glorify the Marcos regime. With a historic number of Filipinos ultimately involved in the creative and production teams as well as, obviously, the cast, the danger of the show being misunderstood in that regard seemed to have been happily overcome… only for a wholly different controversy to arise.

Ramos says that Filipinos “see this as a watershed moment for our people. Having been part of this team since 2005, I believe this is a show that makes us look at our own identity as it applies to the global population.” Adds Vargas, “One thing to know about Filipinos is, we throw the best parties, and when we throw the parties, everybody’s invited. And that is totally the ethos of this show. But the ethos of this show is also that we’re telling a very specific Filipino story that, by the way, is completely relevant in this era of fascism. How do dictators happen? How does fascism happen? And what can ordinary people do to go up against it? Well, guess what? The Filipino people did it in the ‘80s — here’s proof. So in many ways, this show cannot come at a better time.”

He speaks of its historical significance to the direct participants: “Most of the coverage hasn’t even mentioned the fact that we are putting the first Filipino show on Broadway with an all-Filipino cast. And there’s never been this many Filipinos who are actually producing a Broadway show. Filipinos are the largest Asian group in California, and we are among the largest Asian groups in the country, and yet we’re marginalized within the marginalized. Even other AAPI people sometimes say, ‘Wait, we don’t have to make sure the Filipinos are included, right?’… This whole process actually reeks of that kind of marginalization, with this deeply insulting idea that we are somehow cheapening the art.”

Both sides talk in dramatic terms about the very future of Broadway being at stake from the issues that concern them.

For the show’s producers, a lack of reinvention is the real threat to Broadway.

“I have an organization called Define American. In some ways what’s happening here is Define Broadway,” says Vargas, a Pulitzer Prize winner known for his documentaries and books addressing cross-cultural issues prior to becoming a theatrical producer with “What the Constitution Means to Me.” “Like, what is a Broadway musical? Here’s Broadway after the pandemic. How do we attract new audiences? How do we innovate? How do we think outside the box? All you have to do is enter the Broadway Theatre and know that this is not a traditional Broadway show. We ripped out all the orchestra seats and literally changed this venue so it actually is a nightclub. We are innovating, trying to move Broadway forward.”

Vargas mentions that Ramos is “one of the few Filipino Tony Award-winning creatives on Broadway” (as a veteran costume and production designer before moving into a producer role with this show). “In our producing team, there’s five lead producers; we’re two of the five and we’re the two Filipinos. I’m the newest in this industry, and I have to say, if Broadway is to survive post-COVID in a demographically changing America, it must adapt. And that the fact that this show is actually helping lead to try to get us to this new place where we’re talking to new audiences, where we’re trying to expand the form. This show is actually pushing the form and it is inviting new audiences to Broadway. It is giving an option to audiences of what they could potentially like, because the repertoire is not that wide.

“So for them to say that we’re not respecting Broadway and that we are ‘cheapening’ it… People are excited about the show and buying tickets way into the fall. We trust our audiences to decide whether our show has value to them. They don’t need protectors or gatekeepers to infantalize them or prejudge for them what has artistic value.”

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