spring resource property annotation

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Java Spring – Using @PropertySource Annotation and Resource Interface

In Java applications, Sometimes we might need to use data from external resources such as text files, XML files, properties files, image files, etc., from different locations (e.g., a file system, classpath, or URL). 

@PropertySource Annotation

To achieve this, the Spring framework provides the @PropertySource annotation as a facility to read and load the contents of a . properties file (i.e., key-value pairs) to set up bean properties in our application. 

We need to use this annotation along with PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer class. This class resolves the placeholders within bean definition property values.

Resource Interface

In addition to this, Spring also has a resource loader mechanism that provides a unified Resource interface. Using this interface we can retrieve any type of external resource by a resource path. 

All we need to do is to specify different prefixes for this path to load resources from different locations with the @Value annotation. 

How it works

To demonstrate this concept, let’s take a simple example of a Shopping application in which we will be having different categories of products and their details listed. First, we create the ShoppingCategory.java class as follows:

Here, we are creating separate lists for each category of products. Now, we will create Product.java bean class to specify product variables and getter/setter methods.

Assume we have a series of values in a properties file we want to access to set up bean properties. Typically, a properties file can be the configuration properties of a database or some other application values composed of key values. In this example, we take the following discount rates (as key values) stored in a file called discounts.properties .

Now, we will create ShoppingCategoryConfig.java class as follows.

Here, we are using @PropertySource annotation with a value of classpath:discounts.properties in the Java config class. The classpath: prefix tells the Spring to search for the discounts.properties file in the Java classpath. Once we define the @PropertySource annotation to load the properties file, as we discussed earlier, we also need to define a PropertySourcePlaceholderConfigurer bean with the @Bean annotation. Then, Spring automatically wires the @ PropertySource – discounts.properties file. Now the properties in the file become accessible as bean properties. Next, we need to define Java variables to take values from the properties file. To do this, we need to use the @ Value annotation with a placeholder expression. The syntax is:

Then, a search is done for the key value in all the loaded application properties. If a matching key=value is found in the properties file, then the corresponding value is assigned to the bean property. If no matching value is found, default_value (i.e., after ${key:) is assigned to the bean property. To test this we need to create Main.java class as follows:

If we run the project, the output will be as follows.

Output – @PropertySource annotation

Here we can see the discount values as the java variables are set up as the bean instances for a bean’s discount property. This is for reading the .properties file to set up bean instances. But, If we want to use properties file or any other file data for a different purpose than setting up bean properties, we should use Spring’s Resource mechanism. Let’s consider the same example, and we need to add some text that involves some offer details at the end of the shopping page. So, consider we have a text file with some data like below. 

To read this data into our application, we need to use the Resource interface as below in Main.java class.

Here, we are using the ClassPathResource , which tells the spring to look for the offer.txt file in the java classpath. And using the PropertiesLoaderUtils , it reads and loads all the content in the file. If the external resource file is not in the classpath but in some file system path, then we need to use FileSystemResource .

If the external resource file is at a URL, the resource would be loaded with UrlResource .

Now the output will be as follows.

Output – Resource interface

The final project structure will be as follows:

Project Structure

This way, we can use the @PropertySource annotation and Resource interface to use the data from External Resources such as Text Files, XML Files, Properties Files, Image Files, etc. in our application.

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Spring @PropertySource annotation tutorial

last modified October 18, 2023

Spring @PropertySource annotation tutorial shows how to use @PropertySource annotation to include properties into the Environment and inject properties with @Value.

Spring is a popular Java application framework for creating enterprise applications.

Spring @PropertySource

@PropertySource is a convenient annotation for including PropertySource to Spring's Environment and allowing to inject properties via @Value into class attributes. ( PropertySource is an object representing a set of property pairs from a particular source.)

@PropertySource is used together with @Configuration .

Spring @PropertySource example

The application uses Spring's @PropertySource to include properties from the application.properties file into the Environment and to inject them into class attributes.

This is the project structure.

In the pom.xml file, we have basic Spring dependencies spring-core , spring-context , and logging logback-classic dependency.

The exec-maven-plugin is used for executing Spring application from the Maven on the command line.

The logback.xml is a configuration file for the Logback logging library.

We have two properties in application.properties file.

AppConfig is the application configuration class. The @PropertySource injects properties from the application.properties into the Spring's Environment.

In the Application , we get the properties using two methods.

We inject the Environment . We can retrieve the properties with its getProperty method.

We inject the properties with @Value annotation into the attributes.

The first way to retrieve properties is from the Environment using the getProperty method.

The second way is to use the injected attributes.

We run the application.

In this article we have shown how to use @PropertySource annotation to conveniently work with properties in a Spring application.

My name is Jan Bodnar and I am a passionate programmer with many years of programming experience. I have been writing programming articles since 2007. So far, I have written over 1400 articles and 8 e-books. I have over eight years of experience in teaching programming.

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Dinesh Rajput

Dinesh Rajput is the chief editor of a website Dineshonjava, a technical blog dedicated to the Spring and Java technologies. It has a series of articles related to Java technologies. Dinesh has been a Spring enthusiast since 2008 and is a Pivotal Certified Spring Professional, an author of a book Spring 5 Design Pattern, and a blogger. He has more than 10 years of experience with different aspects of Spring and Java design and development. His core expertise lies in the latest version of Spring Framework, Spring Boot, Spring Security, creating REST APIs, Microservice Architecture, Reactive Pattern, Spring AOP, Design Patterns, Struts, Hibernate, Web Services, Spring Batch, Cassandra, MongoDB, and Web Application Design and Architecture. He is currently working as a technology manager at a leading product and web development company. He worked as a developer and tech lead at the Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd and was the first developer in his previous company, Paytm. Dinesh is passionate about the latest Java technologies and loves to write technical blogs related to it. He is a very active member of the Java and Spring community on different forums. When it comes to the Spring Framework and Java, Dinesh tops the list!