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What Is a Cover Letter?

Understanding cover letters, types of cover letters, how to write a cover letter, tips for writing a cover letter.

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What Is a Cover Letter? Types and How To Write One

A cover letter is a written document commonly submitted with a job application outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in the open position. Since a cover letter is often one of only two documents sent to a potential employer, a well- or poorly-written letter can impact whether the applicant is called for an interview .

Key Takeaways

• A cover letter is commonly submitted with a job application explaining the applicant's credentials and interest in the position.
• A good cover letter complements the resume and explains why the candidate is the ideal person for the job.
• Common cover letter mistakes can sink a job applicant.

Investopedia / Joules Garcia

Most job postings are done online and no longer require a physical application. Instead, applicants send companies a copy of their resume along with a cover letter either by email or with a hard copy through the mail. A resume offers a glimpse into the professional and academic experience of a potential employee. The cover letter, on the other hand, acts as an introduction written by the candidate to express their interest in the position and what makes them the best fit for the job.

A good cover letter complements a resume by expanding on items relevant to the job. In essence, it's a sales pitch that describes why the applicant is the best person for the position. Career experts advise job seekers to spend time customizing each cover letter for the particular position, rather than using a generic missive. Although this requires extra effort, it can be very helpful in allowing an applicant to stand out above the competition.

The cover letter provides information to the employer about who the candidate is as a professional and as a person. This includes their areas of interest, professional goals, knowledge, skills they've gained over the years, achievements, passions, and aspirations. The cover letter should be a one-page document that provides a clear and concise idea about why the candidate is the best person for the job . It should also highlight the cultural fit.

While there is no set template for a cover letter, the type of letter that you write will depend on the requirements of each individual company or employer. The information that is included in a cover letter will vary depending on the goals and purpose of your application.

• An application cover letter is the most familiar type of cover letter. This is generally written in response to a vacancy that is posted on a company's website or a job board. In addition to answering any specific questions posted in the job ad, it may also highlight any experience or skills that are suitable for the position.
• A referral cover letter is similar to an application letter, but it includes the name of a colleague or employee who recommended the applicant for the open position. A strong referral can help you stand out against other applicants.
• A prospecting cover letter , also known as a letter of interest, is written by a job seeker and addressed to a company where they would like to work. However, it is not aimed at a specific role or vacancy. Instead, this type of letter inquires about open positions in general and may highlight any special skills that make the writer suitable for the company.

When employers post a job ad that requires a cover letter, they may specify certain requirements for the cover letter to address. For example, they may require applicants to answer certain questions, or to respect a certain word limit. It is important to follow these requirements, as they reflect on the applicant's ability to understand and follow directions.

If the employer does not set any expectations, a typical cover letter should be about a page or less, and may include a formal greeting, contact information, and links to the applicant's portfolio or work. It should highlight any special skills, and explain why you would be a good fit for the position. This is your chance to impress the employer: Even if your resume does not have everything an employer wants, a well-written cover letter can make the applicant stand out from the crowd.

However, it is possible to include too much information. Most employers will simply glance at the majority of their cover letters, and a long-winded essay might end up at the bottom of the pile. A few short paragraphs explaining your skills, and why you chose that specific employer, should be enough to put your best foot forward.

Writing a cover letter doesn't have to be tedious—even though it may seem like it's a chore. Here are a few simple tips you may want to consider when composing your cover letter:

• Personalize your letter for each role. Never use a generic cover letter. This means you have to write a new one for each position. Be sure to include your strengths and skills, and explain why you’re the perfect candidate.
• Include contact information. If the posting doesn't include the hiring manager's name, call the company , or check its website. Including this person's name gives your letter a proper greeting and also shows you have initiative. And don't forget to add your contact information, too. This is important if your resume gets separated from your cover letter.
• Simplify your letter. Communicate clearly and concisely. Using complex words and sentences would most certainly fail to convey your intentions with the company and the person reading the letter probably won't bother with the rest of your application.
• Be specific when needed. Don't rehash your resume, so be sure to quantify your accomplishments. For instance, expand on your marketing experience in your cover letter by saying you brought in 200 additional clients each month and increased revenue to $10,000. This can set you apart from candidates with vague personal details.
• Proofread. After you’ve written the letter, go over it a few times to ensure there are no errors. Then ask someone else to do a once-over and recommend any changes you may need to make.

A simple, focused cover letter without any typos or grammatical errors will get you noticed by potential employers.

A perfect resume can often be sabotaged by a poorly thought-out cover letter or one that is laden with mistakes. Whether you include the letter as per required submission guidelines, or you simply want to emphasize your interest in the job, make sure you avoid making these blunders.

• Names matter. This includes the name of the hiring manager, the company, and yes, even yours. Make sure you have the right names and the correct spelling. And don't forget to change the names if you're using the same cover letter for multiple jobs.
• Restating your resume. Since the cover letter is used to identify your skills and explain how your previous experience is applicable to the desired position, don't restate the stuff on your resume. Remember, the cover letter should complement your resume, not just summarize it.
• Keep your letter tight. Recruiters often go through hundreds of applications and don't have time to read through a three-page missive. The absolute maximum length for a cover letter should be one page, with a few concise paragraphs.
• Omit unnecessary details. Stay on topic. There's no need to mention your graphic-design skills if you're applying for an accounting position. It's a good idea to leave out personal things like your IQ, recreational accomplishments, interests, and hobbies. That is unless they relate to the job or company.
• Avoid sounding arrogant. Ensure your cover letter does not make you appear arrogant . While the cover letter is about you and your accomplishments, find a way of saying "I'm the best" without actually saying it. Avoid overusing words like "I," "me," or "my."
• Remember that spelling counts. Typos and grammatical errors can show you didn't bother to proofread your own letter. And make sure to be consistent—don't convey a dash with "--" in one place and "—" in another.
• Design matters : with the proliferation of publishing, design trends, and software, candidates have become creative in making their cover letter stand out from a design perspective. Make sure your cover letter projects your personality in terms of design while remaining professional. That is personal signature and branding.

How Long Should a Cover Letter Be?

According to Indeed , a leading job-seeking site, a typical cover letter should be about three or four paragraphs long and highlight any special experience or achievements that make the applicant exceptionally well-suited to the position.

How Do You Start a Cover Letter?

A cover letter should start with a formal greeting, preferably addressed to the hiring manager. If you do not know who will be reading your cover letter, a generic "to whom it may concern" is an acceptable, albeit old-fashioned, way to address a cover letter. It is also acceptable to address the letter to a title, such as "Dear Hiring Manager," or "Dear Talent Acquisition Team."

What Should a Cover Letter Contain?

An effective cover letter should highlight the applicant's skills, experience, and any achievements that make them a good fit for their prospective employer. It is also a good chance to mention anything that is not included in the resume: For example, if an applicant is drawn to a certain employer because they love a certain product, the cover letter is a great place to mention it. Make sure your cover letter also includes your name and contact information.

In a competitive jobs market, an effective cover letter is one way to make a job application stand out. This is a chance for an applicant to demonstrate why they think they would be a good fit. However, a poorly-written or meandering cover letter can hurt an application more than it helps.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Pages 3 and 5.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Page 5.

Jobscan. " Cover Letter Formats ."

Indeed. " What Is a Cover Letter? "

Indeed. " How to Address a Cover Letter (With Examples). "

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What Is a Cover Letter and How to Write One? (Expert Guide)

A cover letter is an integral part of the job search process . Often, a good cover letter is what gets you the job. However, not many people know how to write a good one. Some may not even know what a purpose of a cover letter is.

In this expert guide, you can find not only a definition of what is a cover letter and how to write a good cover letter, but also tips on how to structure it and send it. Finally, get inspired by the examples, that our experts prepared for you.

Keep on reading and you will also learn:

• why do you need a cover letter;
• what types of cover letters exist;
• the difference between a cover letter and a letter of interest;
• the difference between a cover letter and a motivation letter;

Find out your resume score!

What is a cover letter (Definition + Purpose + Types)

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself to your future potential employer.

A cover letter illustrates your background and explains why the offered position would be a good fit for you. In a cover letter, you have a unique chance to present yourself, show your personality, and add details that one cannot fit into a structured resume.

In addition, with your cover letter, you can also make up for the lack of previous experience. That is if you can make your enthusiasm and positive qualities shine through.

Over the years the importance of a cover letter grew significantly, and a cover letter became a standardized part of the process of a job application.

With the highly competitive job market, a resume alone – no matter how strong – is simply not enough to get hired. In fact, in 45% of cases, the reason for not being called to an interview is a missing cover letter.

What is the difference between a cover letter and a letter of interest?

While the cover letter and a letter of interest are rather similar, there is a subtle difference between these two. Based on the specific circumstances in which you find yourself, you can decide which one is the right one to write.

• A letter of interest  is commonly used in situations when there is NO specific job opening. You send a letter of interest when you find a company interesting, and you believe you would fit in well. However , you are not applying for a concrete job position. Therefore, you can write about your skills and professional experiences more broadly so you can make yourself available to a wider range of possible positions . Furthermore, in a letter of interest, you can always politely request an interview.
• A cover letter  is   a response to a concrete job opening. Therefore, you focus on a more limited set of qualities that would make you the perfect candidate for this specific role.

Moreover, a cover letter always comes hand in hand with a resume. Because of that, a cover letter should always mention your CV and match it. In a cover letter, you can also elaborate on the information, which is already listed in your resume.

If you want to learn how to write a good resume, have a look at our ultimate resume guide . You can even  turn your LinkedIn profile into a polished resume .

What is the difference between a cover letter and a motivation letter? 

If you are deciding whether to write a cover letter or a motivation letter , it is again important to look at the situation in which you find yourself.

One writes a motivation letter when applying for a study program, a university placement, or a volunteering position. In a motivation letter, you should first and foremost focus on expressing your enthusiasm. Moreover, in a motivation letter, you can put the focus on your personality and on what makes you unique.

In the cover letter, you are advised to do this too; however, the key thing is to demonstrate why are you the perfect fit for a specific role. A cover letter also tends to be shorter than an average motivation letter.

What are different types of cover letters?

When it comes to the cover letter itself, there are three standardized types of cover letters . Each type has a slightly different format. Therefore, it is important to correctly identify which type of cover letter you need and adjust its format accordingly.

Networking cover letter

This very specific type of cover letter is sent out to your professional network in a situation when you are looking for a job but there is no specific job opening to which you are reacting. However, you want to inform your connections that you are open to a new role.

While using your network to get a job is usually the right move, one needs to be extra careful when sending out a networking cover letter. It needs to be formulated with politeness and delicacy.

Unofficial cover letter

Sometimes, only a resume is required by the company. In this situation, it is not necessary to attach an official structured cover letter.

Nonetheless, if you want to demonstrate the depth of your interest and elaborate on your professional experience in more detail, you can always write a short, un-official, and more casual cover letter. It should not follow the strict cover letter format and it can be only around two paragraphs long.

If you want to, you can even place it in the body of an email, to which you are attaching your CV.

Application cover letter

This is the standard and most common type of cover letter. You write it when you want a specific job position for which you saw an opening.

There are several unwritten rules on how to write it. So, if you are asking what makes a good cover letter and what you should do to write one, just scroll down to the next chapter.

How to write a cover letter in 2022

Writing a good cover letter is not as hard as it may seem at first. There are a few unspoken rules that if you follow, you have a high chance of being called for an interview. All you need to know is what to include in your cover letter and how to format it.

What to include in your cover letter and what is the cover letter structure?

If you are wondering what to put in your cover letter and how to structure it, what follows is a simple step-by-step list of elements that cannot be missing from a good cover letter.

At the start of your cover letter , you should have the correct heading and contact information. Don’t forget, this is your one chance to make a good first impression. Always include:

• your full name in large font as a heading. Possibly, you can also use a catchphrase, if you really want the attention of the recruiter; 
• follow it by contact details, such as a phone number or email;
• include the information about your employer: such as the name of the recruiting person (if applicable), the name of the company, the address, phone number, and an email address;
• address the cover letter to the person who is listed as a recruiter/hiring manager. If their name and contact details are not available online, go for the standard " Dear Sir/Madam" ;
• don’t forget to mention how you came across the offer - their webpage, LinkedIn, or a friend who works there already;

In the body of the cover letter, write about your professional skills, past experiences, and hopes and aspirations for your professional future. Describe how your previous experiences shaped you and why does it make you the perfect fit for the job. Mention also that this job is, in exchange, a good fit for you, too.

Here, you should not exceed three paragraphs. Don't be repetitive, or too descriptive - rather demonstrate your qualities. 

At the end of a cover letter, try to   catch the attention of the recruiter again. Emphasize your motivation and repeat, why are you the right person for the job.

Never forget to thank the hiring manager for their time and express your high hope for hearing back from them. Mention your resume and remember to sign the letter with your full official name.

Cover letter formatting  

The cover letter is usually read by the HR department. In large corporates, there are on average 250 applicants per one open position. Because of this, the hiring manager has an extremely limited time to look at your cover letter. Thanks to this, you must make sure your cover letter is simple, not too long, well-structured, and easy to read.

• Your cover letter must have the correct length. A cover letter should never exceed one A4 page. At the same time, it should not be shorter than half a page. A good cover letter is 250-300 words long, with 400 words being the maximum limit.
• It consists of approximately three to four paragraphs and the maximum acceptable number of paragraphs is six.
• The best font to use for a cover letter is a classic, simple, and professional one. For instance, with the good-old Arial, Calibri , or Times New Roman, you can never make a mistake. However, if you work in a creative business, you can always consider using a more eye-catching design. Remember though, it should always remain easy to read and navigate.
• The size of letters should be between 10.5 and 12, the margins 1 or 1.5.  

If you want to have a clearer idea about how to write the perfect cover letter, have a look at this video tutorial . 

How to write a cover letter with no experience

If you are in an early stage of your career and only fresh out of school, do not despair. A cover letter can be your biggest help in this situation. As opposed to your resume, in a cover letter, your positive attitude can change a lot. Make it clear how enthusiastic and eager to learn you are.

Focus on your qualities, skills, extracurricular, or volunteering experience. Possibly, you may have some related experience from your personal life. If it is truly relevant, include it, too.

How experts do it: best cover letter examples

Now that you know what a finished cover letter looks like and how to write one, you can get inspired by cover letter examples written by our experts. This will make sure that from now on you will write truly perfect cover letters.

Example 1: Cover letter for the position of nanny

Example 2: Cover letter for the position of s oftware engineer

Example 3: Cover letter for a position of marketing intern

Have a look at other cover letter examples, too. And you can have a cover letter just like this as well! Just use one of our Kickresume cover letter templates . You can choose a free or a premium one.

Tips for sending a cover letter by email

Once you have the cover letter written, it is time to hit the send. But be careful, don’t make any mistakes that could lead to your application being rejected. Here are some tips on how to send the cover letter properly via email:

• Don’t forget to properly read the instructions written in the job opening. Usually, the instructions are placed at the bottom of the job advertisement. Here, one can find the name and the email address of the hiring manager who will receive the applications. Double-check the information and make sure you address the person in the email, as well as the body of the cover letter.
• Do not forget to write an appropriate email subject, in which you mention the job position and the fact that you are applying for it
• In the email itself, be polite and brief . Remember to mention the Cover Letter in the attachment.
• Make sure your email address sounds professional . Your email must have your full name and surname in it. Nicknames, extra letters, or numbers are not recommended.
• Don’t forget to attach the cover letter, and/or Resume. We have all forgotten to attach something before. However, do not let it happen in this instance – you have only one chance to make a good first impression.
• Save the cover letter properly. Use a format, which is easy to open for most computers (such as .pdf). Don’t forget to name the document properly – mention your name, the position for which you are applying, and consider adding a date. Always match it with the name of your CV.
• Don’t forget to thank the recruiter for their time. Politeness can get you far.
• End the email with your full name and best regards. Be official and professional, this is no time for being casual.

Other cover letter tips and ideas

• Make it easy to read, always. A simple and larger font, shorter sentences, and captivating beginning of paragraphs will get you far.
• Put the most important information at the beginning.
• Do not send the same cover letter to multiple openings. Always tailor the perfect resume for each job offer.

And there you go! Now when you know how to write the perfect cover letter. For the best result, use one of our Kickresume cover letter templates! 

Kickresume wishes you the best of luck with your application. Get that dream job!

Kaja Jurčišinová

Kaja Jurcisinova is a fresh graduate and a junior copywriter at Kickresume. Kaja completed her undergraduate degree in Art History at the University of St Andrews in 2018 and graduated with a Master’s in Arts and Culture from the University of Groningen in 2021. She was an intern at multiple cultural institutions across Europe, including the Dutch Museum Association in Amsterdam, the Matter of Art Biennale in Prague, and the European Cultural Centre in Venice. At the moment, she resides in Visby on the Swedish island of Gotland.

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What is a Cover Letter? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning

What is a cover letter?

What is the purpose of a cover letter in a job application, what to include in a cover letter, cover letter format and layout, should you use a cover letter template or example, what is a cover letter - takeaways.

Asking yourself, “What is a cover letter?”

In this article, we break down for you the basics about cover letters, their purpose, and what to include in yours.

When you’re applying for a job, a cover letter is just as important as your resume in a lot of ways.  You always want to include a cover letter when you’re submitting your resume, to personalize the facts about your work history and to tailor your application to the job.

But if you haven’t written a cover letter before, it can be intimidating to figure out what to include. Don’t worry, this expert guide boils it all down into a quick read that gives you an overview and points you in the right direction to find everything you need to know about them.

In this post, we’re going to cover:

• What is a Cover Letter?
• What is the Purpose of a Cover Letter in a Job Application?
• What to Include in A Cover Letter

We also describe how you can lay out your cover letter to amp its impact, and we’ve even made it dead simple for you by including some perfect cover letter examples for you to check out.

A cover letter is a one-page document that you include with your resume as part of your application for a job. A good cover letter grabs a Hiring Manager’s attention and gets you to the next step of the hiring process.

While every job you apply for will have either a specific application form or will ask for a resume, not every one will ask for a cover letter.  But you should always include one – it’s a game changer.

The upshot is that a resume is a summary of your work and education experience, while your cover letter adds relevant context to that experience for the specific job.

A cover letter is tailored to a specific job you’re applying for, and it highlights what your qualifications are and how they relate to that role and company. You can use it to give examples of how your experiences relate to the role and show how you’re the best person for the job.

Just as its name implies, a cover letter is written in a letter format, including a greeting, three or four body paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, your cover letter should be written in full sentences, and you want to use the first-person – “I’m writing to you today to…”.

You don’t want to just rhyme off the same things that are in your resume, though.  Use your cover letter to give real life examples of how your experience, skills, or interests make you perfect for the job.

Head to our full article on the differences between a resume and a cover letter to learn more on this.

Put simply, it’s your chance to make a great first impression. It’s a tool you use to grab a hiring manager’s attention long enough that they look over your resume a bit closer and call you in for an interview.

A cover letter may not be something a job posting asks you to include, but don’t think that means you shouldn’t.  A good cover letter is always a good idea, here’s why:

• You can tell a story in a cover letter that dives deeper into your qualifications,
• experience, and interests to show why you’re the best candidate for the job.
• A lot of candidates skip writing a cover letter, so by including one you immediately put yourself ahead of the competition!
• You can introduce yourself in a more personalized way and tailor your application specifically for the job.
• You can add a bit of flair or personality that gets a hiring manager to ask you in for an interview
• It shows that you put effort into your application, which again, puts you ahead of most of the competition.

This is just a snapshot of how a cover letter can help you. We’ve got a great article for you to look over if you want to know more about the purpose of a cover letter .

Should you send a cover letter for a job?

There is no question, yes, you should absolutely include a cover letter with your application.

We’ve done our homework on this and can tell you: a majority of hiring managers need or expect a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.

Not only are they expected, but they’re a great tool for you too:

• Explain the reasons for any work gaps
• Clarify how the experience you have from other jobs applies
• Show how you fit their company culture
• Let them know why you’re changing jobs or fields

So, while a cover letter may not absolutely be necessary, they’re extremely useful, and always something you should take the time to write and include with your application.

Cover letters should usually include some of the same basic elements. We’ve put together a quick list below, but head over to our complete guide on what to include in your cover letter for a full explanation.

• A header – This is where you’re going to include all the contact info the hiring manager is going to expect to see.  You want to be sure to give them what theyère looking for.
• Opening statement – You can get right to it here and make sure this is an attention grabber.  Summarize your skills or experience and give them one good reason why it’s important for the job you’re applying to.
• Body – This paragraph should give some more details about you personally.  Employers often hire someone for who they are, not what they know; this is your time to show them you’d be a great fit on their team.
• Closing and Call to Action – You want to close your cover letter with a thanks for the time they’ve taken and a professional sign-off.  You should also let them know you’re eager to hear from them, and let them know to contact you to follow up.

Try to end with a great impression. It’s key that you know how to close your cover letter well to hit all the right notes.

A hiring manager takes about 7.4 seconds to look at each resume that comes across their desk, and there may be hundreds of those. A strong cover letter design can grab their attention long enough for them to set you into the callback pile instead of in the recycling bin.

We’ve put together the details on how you can really grab a recruiter’s attention with your cover letter design , but here’s the basics:

• Font - Always use a standard, easy-to-read font like Times New Roman or Arial. It should be 12pt or slightly bigger.
• Heading – Always use a professional format of heading, which includes your name and contact info, the date of writing, and the contact info for the person you’re writing to.
• Spacing – You want to single space the body of your cover letter, but leave spaces between the heading, the greeting, each paragraph, and your sign-off.
• Length – We know that it’s tempting to try to fit in as much as possible in the cover letter, but this is definitely a case of less is more.  You want the content to be about half a page, so shoot for between 250-400 words.

Keeping your cover letter lean can be hard the first few times you write one. Check out our article on ideal cover letter length to get more tips on how to hit the sweet spot.

If you’re already a pro, maybe you can go it on your own and write a killer cover letter.  But if this is your first cover letter, or you have any doubts, use our Cover Letter Examples to get some great ideas on how to write and format yours – we’ve got a few samples below.

Our examples cover different industries and positions, so you can fine tune the fit of your letter for exactly the job you’re applying to without trying to reinvent the wheel!  Plus, these are cover letters that work to get interviews, so you can be sure you’ve got a great start.

If you want a real head start, we’ve even got a Cover Letter Templates page where you can head to get all the basics covered for you. Head there, input your specifics, and you’ll have a winning cover letter, easy-peasy.

• A cover letter is a one-pager you include with a job application to dive deeper into exactly why you are the best fit for the job.
• You always want to include a cover letter, even if it’s not specified in the job posting.
• Hiring managers get hundreds of resumes, and they fly through them - your cover letter can and should be designed to grab their attention.
• Personalize your cover letter and tailor it to the specific job you’re sending it in to, this includes relating specific skills, letting your personality shine, and getting the hiring manager’s name.
• Make sure it’s in perfect shape to get great results.  Use our Cover Letter Checklist to make sure you’ve covered all the bases and haven’t overlooked any little mistakes that could cost you the job.

• Cover Letter Guides

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How and Why to Write a Great Cover Letter

A cover letter is a one-page business letter that you submit when applying to a job, along with your resume. As a piece of persuasive writing, your cover letter will aim to convey to the employer why you’re a great candidate for the role.

What is the purpose of a cover letter?

Your cover letter complements your resume by making it easy for the employer to see how your experience and interest connect to the position. Your goal is to convince the employer to interview you.

With your cover letter, you’ll aim to:

• Highlight your qualifications:  You’ll show how your skills and experience relate to the employer’s needs for a specific position.
• Showcase your motivation: You’ll demonstrate your enthusiasm for the specific position and the organization.
• Reflect your voice and written communication skills: You’ll give the employer a sense of your personality and writing style.

When should I write a cover letter?

Not all jobs require cover letters. So, how do you decide whether to submit one?

Submit a Cover Letter when…

• The posting explicitly requests that you do so
• You’re applying to an opportunity at a mission-driven organization
• You think that doing so could provide important information to the employer that they wouldn’t get from your resume

Consider Submitting a Cover Letter when…

• It’s marked “optional” in an application, and you have the bandwidth to do so
• You have content that you can easily recycle or repurpose into a tailored cover letter

No Need to Submit a Cover Letter when…

• A posting specifically tells you not to submit one
• There’s no way to submit one in an application portal, and doing so would require a serious workaround

If you’re applying to several similar opportunities, creating a draft cover letter in advance, geared toward that type of opportunity, can be a helpful way to save time in your actual application process.

How do I write a cover letter?

Your cover letter should articulate your qualifications and motivation for the position. Read the job description closely and research the organization. As you craft your cover letter, use examples that demonstrate your relevant skills, knowledge, and interests. The cover letter should be concise, clear, and well-organized.

Before Writing

Research the employer.

Learn enough about the organization to articulate why you are a strong fit for that firm. 

• Review the firm’s website and LinkedIn page.
• Speak with current or previous employees.
• Read articles and social media for current news.

Analyze the job description

Look for skills, duties, and qualifications of the job so you can design your letter to match these as much as possible.

Reflect on your experience and motivation

Identify skills and personal qualities you have developed which will be useful in this role. Ask yourself:

• What attracts you about this role/company/industry?
• What have you have done in your work experiences, classes, internships, activities, projects, volunteer work, travel, etc., that is similar to the duties required of the job? 

Cover Letter Structure

As a business letter, the cover letter should include:

• Heading: Include your name and contact information in the same format as your resume
• Salutation: Address your letter to the specific individual who can hire you, if this is known. If the name is not included in the job description, address the letter to the Hiring Manager or title mentioned in the job description.
• Body Paragraphs:  Discuss your experiences, interests, and skills to show the employer how you can add value to their team. See the section below for more guidance.
• Signature Line: Include a closing and your name.

The cover letter should be one page, about three or four paragraphs, and single spaced. Use 10-12 point font and one inch margins. 

When applying online, upload your cover letter as a PDF file, unless another format is specified. When sending your resume and cover letter by email, you may write a short note or paste your cover letter in the body of your email (without the address header) and also attach the PDF file.

Cover Letter Content

Your cover letter should answer who, what, when, where and why you are applying for the opportunity. 

Introduction

State the position for which you are applying. If you have a referral or spoke with someone from the company, you can mention it in the introduction. Provide some basic information about yourself; this can include your class year and what you’re studying at Columbia. Briefly outline why you’re interested in the organization and what you bring in terms of relevant experience and skills. 

Body Paragraphs

These paragraphs will highlight your qualifications and strengths that are most relevant to the organization and position. Use the job posting and your research as clues to determine what the employer is seeking in a candidate. Have your resume beside you and reflect on what you want the employer to know about you. Are there experiences you want to expand upon that demonstrate your understanding of the role and ability to do the job requirements?

Structure the paragraphs based on relevance, not chronology. Lead with your most relevant skill or strongest experience.

Start each body paragraph with a clear topic sentence.  This can highlight a key skill set, a transferable experience, or a core area of knowledge you’ve built through your studies. Walk the reader through a project or experience, integrating the relevant skills you used and qualities you demonstrated. Provide details about your accomplishments and impact. Connect how these experiences have prepared you for this role and why you are motivated to do this job. There is no need to apologize if you feel you lack experience; focus on the accomplishments that you have.

Recap what you would bring to the organization and your interest in the position. Thank the employer for their consideration. Keep your tone positive and enthusiastic. 

Check out our example of how to structure your cover letter content . 

Editing Tips

Use our  Cover Letter Checklist to make sure your format and content is in line with best practices. 

• Ensure that the content reflects the requirements in the job description
• Keep the cover letter concise, at one page or less
• Correct any errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling
• Use the active voice
• Avoid beginning too many sentences with “I”

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Meaning of covering letter in English

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• billet-doux
• chain letter
• Christmas card
• correspondence
• greetings card
• love letter
• poison-pen letter
• round robin

covering letter | Business English

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the nuts and bolts

the practical facts about a particular thing, rather than theories or ideas about it

Shoots, blooms and blossom: talking about plants

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The Complete Guide: What Is a Cover Letter for a Job ?

When planning to apply for a job, an applicant needs to wrap up all his work experience, accomplishments, and skills in a professional job application. However, only having a bot-beating resume is not enough to impress recruiting firms and potential employers. To jump-start your career, you also need a killer cover letter.

If you’re wondering what is cover letter, it is a document that complements your resume and introduces your personality to a recruiter, meanwhile demonstrating what makes you a perfect candidate.

In this article, we’ll help you understand what is a cover letter for jobs and why it matters.

Skillhub tip: A great cover letter makes the hiring process easier. If you’re not sure about how to make one - seek help from a cover letter writing service online .

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What Is a Cover Letter for a Resume?

What is the purpose of a cover letter? In short, its purpose is to help you land an interview. Though it’s sometimes optional, a cover letter has many benefits. It dives into details you can’t provide in your resume, helping you show your full potential to employers.

Simply put, good cover letter examples boost the likelihood of you getting employed faster. Every career advice expert will confirm that companies are more likely to hire humans who attach a solid cover letter to their applications. That’s why it makes perfect sense to put in the extra effort to write a good cover letter.

What to Include in Your Cover Letter?

One of the biggest puzzles job seekers face is what should be in a cover letter. It indeed can be compared to a puzzle. The best cover letter examples are made up of tiny bits that, once put together in a proper manner, shape the whole.

So, what is included in a cover letter? Every solid document should contain the following:

Great creative cover letter opening sentence examples include a hook, focusing on the company that may potentially employ you or on a relevant professional accomplishment. If it drives the recruiter’s attention and relates to the job, it will work!

I have long been inspired by Company X’s exceptional web development projects, so I was excited to discover a newly-opened position for a Web Developer . I believe I can be a valuable addition to the Company X team.

Stunning Pitch

Next, all cover letter examples for job should include a pitch explaining what makes you right for the job.

In my current role as a Web Developer at Company Y, I gained hands-on experience developing user-friendly applications and websites. One of the recent projects I’ve worked on was an application for an event management agency for which I managed to:

• Reduce the time-to-market time by 15%
• Help the client boost their event signups by 40%
• Ensure the excellent user experience

Closing Line

The last element in your examples of a cover letter should be a clear, friendly, and effective closing statement with a formal thank you for time and a call to action that encourages the hiring manager to contact you.

Thank you for considering my application. I would be happy to discuss your company’s Web Development challenges and show how my skills and knowledge can help solve them. Please reach me via email ([email protected]) or phone (000-000-0000).

Other Essential Things to Include in Cover Letter

Additionally, all great cover letter examples should include one more thing - a brief, sincere explanation of your motivation to join a particular company.

One thing I’m impressed with the most about Company X is how you foster creativity and thinking outside the box. I am an old fan of your team’s projects and, thus, it would be a dream come true to join in. I also appreciate the friendly and open-minded atmosphere inside your team and share your company’s values.

If you are looking for an opportunity to catch a break during a long job search, then you might like our best resume builder service online that can provide one. You'll be able to enjoy the work of reliable professional writers as well as some easy-to-use pre-cooked content for the future.

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What Cover Letter Types Are There?

Now that you know what is a cover letter for resume, you also need to know that there are multiple types of this document.

Below, we will give a small intro on each type to help you see the difference.

Application Cover Letter

An application cover letter is used when you have a specific job in mind. It typically addresses the recruitment professional and is submitted with a resume. The goal of the application cover letter is to show what makes you an ideal candidate for the job and help land an interview.

I’ve long been interested in the business activity of Company X. I’m excited for the opportunity to apply for the Graphic Designer position with your company and confident I could be a perfect asset.

Referral Cover Letter

This kind of cover letter should be used by a candidate who was referred to a job. If that’s your case, you should indicate the full name of your referral within the first few lines of your referral cover letter in order to drive the attention of the hiring manager.

[Referral’s Name], head of sales at Company X, suggested that I get in touch with you directly concerning my interest in applying for the role of Web Developer in your company.

Letter of Interest

A letter of interest is perfect for the occasions when you are interested in working with a certain company that may not currently have any job postings. It’s used to let the organization know about your interest so that they would keep you in mind as a potential employee. See the letter of interest example below.

I have been long monitoring Company X’s innovative projects and would like to inquire whether you have any Web Development positions open.

Networking Cover Letter

Unlike other types, a networking cover letter doesn’t necessarily address a recruiter but rather any professional contact you’ve made through industry events, social media, past jobs, etc. It is written to ask for open positions, referrals, or job search advice.

First, congratulations on completing your project with Company X last month. I found it extremely innovative and interesting! I’m writing to express my admiration and ask for job search advice as I am now looking for a new career opportunity.

Prospecting Cover Letter

A prospecting cover letter is used to express your desire to work with a company due to the certain features it has, for example, an excellent reputation on the job market, outstanding culture, etc. It is used to get into that company’s talent pool.

After hearing your CEO’s speech at the TED conference, I was impressed to discover your unique culture that keeps talent and creativity at the core and would love to become a part of your Web Development team.

Value Proposition Letter

The last type of cover letter is used to apply for a position by showing what value you can add to a company. Basically, a value proposition letter is like a resume summary that tells about your professionalism , experience, and level of qualification.

Do you need an experienced Web Developer with an excellent sense of trends?

As a developer with 5+ years of experience and 200+ completed projects, I believe I could bring real value to Company X’s development team.

Wrapping Up

Hopefully, after reading this article, you have a better understanding of what is cover letter.

Let’s quickly recap the key points:

• A cover letter is a document that supplements your job application by providing additional details that are not given in a resume;
• There are 6 different types of cover letters that serve different purposes;
• Applicants should have a good cover letter to get more interviews and land a job faster and easier;
• Cover letters consist of the opening statement, pitch, and closing line;
• A perfect cover letter should be to-the-point, professional, and use the right tone of voice.

Do you have any additional questions about what is cover letter for a job?

Give us a shout on social media! We are always happy to give you a hand of help! Keep in mind professional resume writer service never let you down!

If you want more about what is a cover letter, visit this link .

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“Covering letter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/covering%20letter. Accessed 3 Apr. 2024.

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What Is an Enclosure in a Cover Letter? Definition & Tips

Cover letters are important documents that accompany a job application. They serve as an introduction to the candidate and provide an opportunity to highlight their relevant skills and experiences. A well-written cover letter can help a candidate stand out in a crowded field of applicants.

One aspect of a cover letter that is often overlooked is the enclosure. An enclosure is a document that is included with the cover letter, such as a resume, writing sample, or other supporting materials. The purpose of the enclosure is to provide additional information that supports the candidate’s qualifications.

In this article, we will delve into the definition and purpose of an enclosure in a cover letter. We will explore the various types of documents that can be included as enclosures, and provide tips on how to effectively use them to strengthen your application. By the end of this article, you will have a clear understanding of what an enclosure is and how to use it to your advantage in your job search.

Where to Include Enclosures

When it comes to including enclosures in your cover letter, it’s important to know where to include them based on the type of cover letter you will be using. Here are the different places to include enclosures depending on the type of cover letter you are using:

A. Electronic Cover Letters

Email:  If you are submitting your cover letter via email, you can include the enclosure either in the body of the email or as an attachment. If you choose to include it as an attachment, make sure to mention it in the body of your email as well.

Online Submission Forms:  Some companies may require you to submit your cover letter through an online submission form. In this case, there may be a designated section where you can upload your enclosure.

B. Physical Cover Letters

Mailing:  If you are mailing your cover letter, you can include the enclosure by stapling it to the cover letter or placing it in the same envelope. Make sure to mention in your cover letter that you have enclosed additional materials.

Hand Delivery:  If you are hand delivering your cover letter, you can either staple the enclosure to the cover letter or include it in a separate folder or envelope.

Remember, including enclosures can be a great way to provide additional information about yourself to potential employers, but make sure to only include relevant and necessary materials.

Types of Enclosures

When submitting a cover letter, you may be required to include various types of enclosures. These can include a resume, CV, references, writing samples, certifications, relevant projects, and other supporting documents. In this section, we will go through each of these types in detail to help you understand what they are and how to include them in your cover letter.

A resume is a document that summarizes your work experience, education, and relevant skills. It is typically a one-page document that showcases your professional accomplishments and provides a quick overview of your qualifications. When including your resume as an enclosure in your cover letter, make sure it is up-to-date and relevant to the job you are applying for.

A CV, or curriculum vitae, is a more comprehensive document than a resume. It includes not only your work experience and education but also publications, presentations, and other academic achievements. A CV is commonly used in academic or research settings and can be longer than two pages. If the job you are applying for requires a CV, be sure to include it as an enclosure in your cover letter.

C. References

When applying for a job, it’s important to have references who can attest to your professional capabilities. Including a list of references as an enclosure in your cover letter can demonstrate your preparedness and readiness to work with the company. Be sure to ask permission from your references before including them in your cover letter.

D. Writing Samples

If the job you are applying for involves writing or requires a specific writing style, including writing samples as enclosures in your cover letter can help demonstrate your skills. Choose samples that are relevant to the job and showcase your unique writing style.

E. Certifications

If you have certifications relevant to the job you are applying for, including them as enclosures in your cover letter can provide additional credibility to your application. These can be industry-specific certifications or general ones like CPR or First Aid.

F. Relevant Projects

If you have completed relevant projects in your field or have personal projects that demonstrate your skills, including them as enclosures in your cover letter can set you apart from other applicants. Be sure to explain the relevance of each project to the job you are applying for.

G. Other Supporting Documents

If there are other supporting documents that you believe can help showcase your qualifications for the job, including them as enclosures in your cover letter can be beneficial. These can include publications, awards, or other relevant materials.

When submitting a cover letter, including enclosures can help demonstrate your qualifications and professionalism. Be sure to choose the appropriate type of enclosure for the job you are applying for and ensure they are relevant and up-to-date.

Proper Formatting and Labeling for Enclosures

Enclosures are an important component of a cover letter and serve as a means to provide additional information to the recipient. To ensure that the enclosures are easily identified and understood, it is important to use proper formatting and labeling.

A. Labeling Guidelines

When labeling enclosures, it is important to use clear and concise language that accurately describes the enclosed documents. Use a descriptive title, such as “Resume” or “References,” to clearly indicate the type of document enclosed. Avoid using vague titles, such as “Documents,” which do not provide any meaningful information.

It is also important to number the enclosures to ensure that they are accounted for and that none are missing. Use a consistent numbering system, such as “Enclosure 1,” “Enclosure 2,” etc., and include the corresponding number in the cover letter or email. This will make it easier for the recipient to cross-reference the enclosed documents with the cover letter or email.

B. Location of the Label

The label for the enclosure should be placed either at the top or bottom of the document. If you choose to place the label at the top, center it and make it bold and slightly larger than the text in the body of the document. If you place the label at the bottom, align it with the left margin.

C. Aligning Multiple Enclosure Labels

If you are enclosing multiple documents, it is important to align the labels to make them easier to read and reference. Align the labels either horizontally or vertically, depending on the number of enclosures and the available space. Remember to number the enclosures in the order in which they appear in the cover letter or email.

For horizontal alignment, place the labels side-by-side and evenly spaced. For example:

Enclosure 1 Enclosure 2 Enclosure 3

For vertical alignment, stack the labels one on top of the other, aligned with the left margin. For example:

D. Placement of Enclosures in the Cover Letter

In the cover letter, mention the enclosed documents and briefly describe their contents. This will provide the recipient with an idea of what to expect and help them quickly locate the relevant information.

Place the enclosure label(s) after the closing and signature of the cover letter or email. This will ensure that the recipient sees the label(s) before they begin reviewing the enclosed documents.

Proper formatting and labeling of enclosures are essential in a cover letter. Use descriptive titles and consistent numbering, place the label at the top or bottom of the document, align multiple labels, and mention the enclosed documents in the cover letter. Following these guidelines will help ensure that the recipient can quickly and easily identify and review the enclosed documents.

Tips for Including Enclosures in a Cover Letter

When it comes to enclosing additional documents or materials with your cover letter, it’s important to follow some simple guidelines to ensure that you’re including the right information in the right way. Here are some key “do’s” and “don’ts” to keep in mind:

A. Do’s for Enclosing on Cover Letter

Keep It Relevant:  Any materials you include with your cover letter should be directly related to the job you’re applying for. Whether it’s a writing sample, a project proposal, or a portfolio of your work, make sure that everything you include is relevant to the position and will help the hiring manager get a better sense of your skills and experience.

Label It Correctly:  Make sure that any additional documents or materials you enclose are clearly labeled with a title or description that makes it clear what they are. This will help the hiring manager easily locate and review the materials as needed. Additionally, if you’re sending multiple documents, consider numbering them to help keep them organized.

Make It Easy to Access:  Whether you’re submitting your materials electronically or physically, make sure that they’re easily accessible and available to the hiring manager. If you’re emailing your application, consider including links to your materials rather than attaching large files. If you’re sending a physical application, make sure the materials are neatly organized and easy to locate.

B. Don’ts for Enclosing on Cover Letter

Including Too Much Information:  While it’s important to include any relevant materials that will help the hiring manager get a better sense of your skills and experience, you don’t want to overload them with unnecessary information. Stick to the most important and relevant materials, and avoid including anything that doesn’t directly support your application.

Forgetting to Label:  It’s easy to get caught up in the process of assembling your application materials, but don’t forget to clearly label each document or material that you include. Without clear labeling, the hiring manager may not know what they’re looking at or how it relates to your application.

Including Unrelated Documents:  Finally, make sure that any additional materials you include are directly related to the job you’re applying for. While your resume or cover letter might be tailored to multiple positions, any additional materials you include should be specific to the job at hand. Resist the temptation to include unrelated documents or materials that won’t help build your case for why you’re the best candidate for the position.

By following these simple guidelines for including enclosures with your cover letter, you’ll be able to present a clear and compelling case for your candidacy while making it easy for the hiring manager to review your application.

Common Mistakes to Avoid when Enclosing on Cover Letter

When creating a cover letter, it is important to avoid making common mistakes that can have a negative impact on your application. Here are some common mistakes to avoid when enclosing documents with your cover letter.

A. Wrong Document Type

One common mistake applicants make is enclosing the wrong type of document with their cover letter. For example, enclosing a resume when the employer only requested a cover letter can make you seem careless or unprofessional. Be sure to carefully read the job posting or application instructions to determine what documents are required.

B. Typos and Grammatical Errors

Another mistake to avoid when enclosing on your cover letter is having typos and grammatical errors. These mistakes can make you appear less credible and distract from the content of your application. Take time to proofread and edit your cover letter before submitting it.

C. Improper Formatting

Improper formatting is another mistake that applicants make on their cover letters. Using difficult to read fonts, too much bolding, or not enough white space can make your cover letter difficult to read. It is best to keep your cover letter simple, clean, and easy to read.

D. Not Including Contact Information

A final common mistake to avoid when enclosing documents with your cover letter is not including your contact information. This information should include your name, email address, phone number, and mailing address. You can include this information at the top of your cover letter or in the signature block. This allows the employer to easily contact you if they have any questions or want to schedule an interview.

By avoiding these common mistakes when enclosing your documents on your cover letter, you can increase your chances of making a positive impression with potential employers. Take the time to carefully review and edit your application materials to ensure that you are presenting yourself in the best possible light.

The Importance of Enclosure in a Cover Letter

A well-crafted cover letter is an essential part of any job application process. It serves as a marketing tool to showcase your qualifications, skills, and experience that make you the perfect candidate for the position. However, one aspect that is often overlooked by job seekers is the inclusion of enclosures in their cover letter. An enclosure refers to any additional documents that support your application, such as your resume or portfolio.

But why is the enclosure section so important, and what does it say about you as a candidate?

A. Shows Your Professionalism

First and foremost, the inclusion of an enclosure section in your cover letter displays professionalism. It shows the hiring manager that you are detail-oriented, organized, and have taken the time to provide them with all the necessary documents upfront. Remember, hiring managers receive hundreds of applications, and anything you can do to set yourself apart and make their lives easier will be greatly appreciated.

B. Provides Additional Information

Moreover, the enclosure section can provide employers with additional information that may not be readily apparent in your resume or cover letter. For example, if you are applying for a graphic design position, you could include samples of your work in the enclosure section to showcase your design skills. Similarly, if you are a recent graduate, you could include transcripts to demonstrate your academic abilities.

C. Demonstrates Attention to Detail

Lastly, the enclosure section is a great way to demonstrate attention to detail. It shows that you have carefully read and followed the application instructions, including any requests for additional documents. Employers want to hire candidates who pay attention to the details and take pride in their work.

Including an enclosure in your cover letter is crucial. It not only shows your professionalism, but it can also provide employers with additional information and demonstrate your attention to detail. So, make sure to take the time to gather all the necessary documents and present them in a clear, organized manner. Your effort will not go unnoticed by potential employers, and it may just be the thing that sets you apart from other candidates.

Example of Cover Letter Enclosure

A. cover letter example.

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to apply for the [Position] role at [Company]. Enclosed, please find my resume, along with other supporting documents that I have included for your review.

As a skilled [Industry] professional with [Number] years of experience, I am confident in my ability to contribute positively to [Company] and hit the ground running in this position. My experience in [Skill 1], [Skill 2], and [Skill 3] have prepared me well for this role and I am excited about the opportunity to put my skills to use.

I am particularly drawn to [Company’s] focus on [Specific Aspect of Company], and the impact that your work has on [Customer, Industry, etc.]. I am motivated by a desire to be a part of this work and contribute to its continued success.

Thank you for considering my application. Please feel free to contact me if you need any additional information or to discuss my qualifications further.

[Your Name]

B. Enclosure Example

Enclosures:

• Cover Letter
• Professional References

I am writing to express my interest in the [Position] role at [Company]. Enclosed, please find my resume, cover letter, and professional references that I have included for your review.

As a qualified [Industry] professional with [Number] years of experience, I am confident in my ability to make a valuable contribution to [Company]. I am excited about this opportunity to use my skills in [Skill 1], [Skill 2], and [Skill 3] to support your team.

Thank you for taking the time to review my application. Please feel free to contact me if you need any additional information or to discuss my qualifications further.

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Lisa's journalism career spans two decades, and she currently serves as the Americas Day Editor for the Global News Desk. She played a pivotal role in tracking the COVID pandemic and leading initiatives in speed, headline writing and multimedia. She has worked closely with the finance and company news teams on major stories, such as the departures of Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos and significant developments at Apple, Alphabet, Facebook and Tesla. Her dedication and hard work have been recognized with the 2010 Desk Editor of the Year award and a Journalist of the Year nomination in 2020. Lisa is passionate about visual and long-form storytelling. She holds a degree in both psychology and journalism from Penn State University.

Ugandan court upholds anti-LGBTQ law but says some rights infringed

Uganda's constitutional court on Wednesday refused to annul or suspend an anti-LGBTQ law that includes the death penalty for certain same-sex acts, but voided some provisions it said are inconsistent with certain fundamental human rights.

At least five people were feared to be dead and several others trapped after a blast at a chemical factory in southern India's Telengana state on Wednesday, broadcaster NDTV reported.