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APA Style Help & Tools

{{page_title}}, best bet: apa's academic writer.

Academic Writer is the only authoritative and complete online environment for teaching, writing, and publishing in APA Style®, now updated to the 7th Edition. Designed to help users develop their writing and professional research skills, Academic Writer combines sophisticated learning and teaching tools, advanced writing and content management technology, and full integration of APA’s best-selling Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association® to create an unparalleled web-based suite of integrated services and tools.

Access Academic Writer anytime with this link:

library.purdueglobal.edu/academicwriter

Academic Writer Documentation & Tips

The below links lead to more information, tips, and training about the basics of using Academic Writer.

• Library Guide to Academic Writer
• Getting Started Guide (PDF)
• Creating Academic Writer Accounts (PDF)
• Accessing the Publication Manual (PDF)
• Technical Requirements

Using Academic Writer's Writing Tools

Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper.  You can write the entire paper in Academic Writer or just use it to setup the title page, headings, and references.  Export your work at any time to a Microsoft Word document.  Below are documents from Academic Writer about the essential features of their Writing tools.  

• Setting up the Title Page
• Adding References to Papers (PDF)
• Adding In-Text Citations (PDF)
• Adding Tables (PDF)
• Exporting Papers (PDF)

Featured Items from Academic Writer

Basics of APA Style

Learn the basics of APA Style, including how to format a manuscript, understand the form and function of common manuscript parts, organize and express your thoughts clearly and precisely, employ the mechanics of style, use graphic elements effectively, credit sources and acknowledge the contributions of others, and construct a comprehensive and reliable reference list.

Academic Writer

© 2020 American Psychological Association.

How to Avoid Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Learn how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including how to identify plagiarism, understand its risks and consequences, cite sources properly, and develop sound writing practices.

Learn how to set up the title page of an APA Style paper, including the page header and running head, title, author name and affiliation, and author note.

Paper Template: ("Merenda" Sample Student Paper)

This sample response paper presents a university student's personal reaction to an article about whether medication is prescribed too often to young children to treat psychological disorders. The title page demonstrates the simple default layout for a student paper. The paper has a simple setup with only a title page, body of text, and references. No "running head"! Response papers typically do not include author notes or abstracts, though this may vary by assignment.

Visit the Writing Center

Need writing help?  Visit the Writing Center to contact a tutor, submit your paper for review and feedback, or ask APA Style-related questions, as well as access dozens of writing tutorials, videos, webinars, and other instructional resources.

• Writing Center

PG Writing Center's Top APA Links

• Common Citations in APA Format
• APA Title Page and Running Head Video
• APA (7th Edition) Demystified in 5 Minutes Video
• Formatting an APA Style (7th Edition) Reference List Video
• Writing With Integrity (APA Style 7th Ed.)

eBook on APA Style 7th Edition

Zotero: Free Reference Management Tool

Zotero [zoh-TAIR-oh] is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources. This tool is especially popular for heavy researchers at the grad level and above.

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APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

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In-Text Citations

Resources on using in-text citations in APA style

Reference List

Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats

Other APA Resources

APA Citation Guide (7th edition)

Welcome to the apa citation guide, the official guide to apa syle, additional apa resources, changes in the 7th edition, ways to get help, creative commons license.

• Paper Format
• In-Text Citations
• Websites and webpages
• Visual Media
• Audio Media
• Videos/Films/TV Shows
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Instruction & Outreach Librarian

This APA Research Guide is intended to help you format papers and cite sources in APA format.

Refer to the manual for specifics on writing, formatting, and citing sources. 

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association also referred to as the "APA Manual" is the official source for APA style. This style encompasses how to write concisely, how to format your paper and how to format your citations/references. 

Currently in its 7th edition, the APA Manual is the source for writing papers in this style. You may want to purchase your own copy of the manual or you can come to the library to use our copy at the research help desk.

There are also additional websites to help you with APA formatting but don't rely solely on websites. Use authorized resources whenever possible including the APA Manual, APA Style website, or APA Style Blog.

• APA Style from American Pyschological Association Help with APA style from the publishers of the book, American Psychological Association. It includes tutorials which can be found under the learning APA style tab, and quick answers to questions on formatting.
• APA Style Blog Searchable blog on APA from the American Psychological Association. Great place to look for specific questions about APA.

These are popular websites about academic writing from other universities. 

• Excelsior Online Writing Lab for APA Style This resource offers examples for formatting papers, citations, and references in APA Style.
• APA Style @ Purdue OWL This resource, revised according to the 7th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).

A full summary of the changes can be found in  What’s New in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition .

Here are a few of the major changes between the 6 th and 7 th edition (See book for more).

• New specific guidelines for student papers that are different than the guidelines for professional papers.
• New guidelines for annotated bibliographies.
• Titles of papers are now bolded, with a blank line before the author's name.
• Use only one space after a period in the body of the paper.
• Use the singular "they" as a generic third-person pronoun rather than "he or she"
• There are changes on how to write in-text citations for works with more than three authors.
• The heading for the References list is now bolded.
• You now must include up to 20 authors for the items in the reference list.
• For journal articles, you always include the issue number.
• The way to write digital object identifiers (DOIs) and URLs have been standardized and the hyperlink should be left live.
• Instead of just Times New Roman, you can select from 6 different fonts. See each font type for size.
• You no longer include the location of the publisher for books.

If you need help using library resources or need assistance finding information, contact the library!

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• Research Help Listing of librarians by subject, including their contact information so you can easily get in touch with them.

• Next: Paper Format >>
• Last Updated: Feb 8, 2024 1:24 PM
• URL: https://bradley.libguides.com/apa7th

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Subject Guide

Purdue OWL APA 7th edition

Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is the "go to" for instruction on how to use APA 7th.  Below are a few of the topics OWL has.  Check out their website for more.  https://owl.purdue.edu/index.html 

• APA Style Introduction APA 7th
• APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th
• General Formating APA 7th
• In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th
• Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th
• Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th

APA Tutorials on 7th edition

 If you need to format your research paper or dissertation in APA style, check out these tutorials from APA.

APA 7th edtion

• Comparative Chart of APA 6th and APA 7th This is a quick chart created by the Janis P. Bellack Library comparing the new edition of APA.

NOTE FROM APA about 7th edition:

There is no electronic version of APA 7th edition.

"APA does NOT have an institutional license model for APA’s Publication Manual , but electronic versions are available at Vital Source ( www.vitalsource.com ) and RedShelf ( www.redshelf.com ).

 To help students in need of APA Style guidance, tutorials and quick guides adapted from Academic Writer ® , APA’s tool for teaching and learning effective writing, are now freely available through July 1, 2020.

The Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style tutorial and other material will stay on the APAStyle.org site for free after that date. "

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• Last Updated: Mar 25, 2024 4:20 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/education

APA 7th Edition - Citation Guide

• Introduction to APA Style
• Edition Note
• What's New in the 7th Edition?
• Paper Formatting
• Reference Components
• Book Examples
• Article Examples
• Media Examples
• Internet Resources Examples
• Other Examples
• In-Text Citations

This guide was adapted from the APA 7th Edition guide created by Diana Matthews, Librarian at Santa Fe College . Thanks to Diana for permission to adapt her content!

The APA citation style is primarily used by disciplines in the business, social sciences, health, and education fields. The official guide is published by the American Psychological Association:

There are several resources online to help you with APA 7th Edition:

• Purdue OWL Guide to APA 7th Edition "These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster."
• APA Style and Grammar Guidelines
• APA Style Blog The official blog for the 7th edition, answering and clarifying questions about APA.
• APA Quick Reference Guide [PDF]

The main navigation links will show you how to set up your paper in APA format, and how to properly cite a variety of resources, both in your references list and within your paper using in-text citations.

• APA Style APA Style is used by writers in many disciplines around the world for concise, powerful, and persuasive scholarly communication.

(*** Please view this What's Changed?   summary for differences from 6th to 7th edition)

• Next: What's New in the 7th Edition? >>
• Last Updated: Jun 3, 2021 9:44 AM
• URL: https://libraryguides.csuniv.edu/apa7

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APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

Apa 7th edition, what is the purpose, quick links.

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• Conference Presentations
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• Reports and Gray Literature
• Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
• Additional Resources
• Reference Page

APA Publications in the Library

This guide pertains to the 7th edition of the APA Manual.

This guide is designed to support the citation and reference needs of USC students, staff, and faculty.  The 7th edition of the manual does make distinctions between formatting certain components for academic use over publication.  This guide will distinguish student/academic formatting where applicable. 

This guide is designed as a "quick" reference to common APA citation, reference and formatting criteria.  When in doubt, we encourage users to consult with the APA publication manual or APA website for further clarification as the authority on formatting.

Attribution for guide: Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

What is the purpose of citations?

Citations help readers locate your sources. They help to continue the scholarly conversation. To learn more about how citations can help you avoid plagiarism, view this interactive tutorial: 

USC Library Lessons: Avoiding Plagiarism through Citations

When considering citations and references for your papers, you can ask yourself, "could someone find this information in the future?"

A client's personal file would not need a citation because your reader cannot go find that information again.  Census statistics would require a citation because your reader could go locate that information again.

APA requires FOUR ELEMENTS of every citation:

• Who- Author of content
• When- Date content was published
• What- Title of content
• Where- Publication information. This can be the website you got it from or the journal or book's publication information.

If any of the elements listed above are unavailable, check out "Missing Reference Information" from APA for more information.

• APA Style Website As part of our Style and Grammar Guidelines, we explain the basics of paper format, grammar, punctuation, in-text citations, references, bias-free language, and more. Much of what you used to find on the sixth edition blog, you can now find on the APA Style website.
• Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper by Robert V. Labaree Last Updated Mar 26, 2024 394140 views this year
• Owl Purdue 7th Edition Style Guide and Formatting Writing guide from Owl Purdue covering the 7th edition of the APA Manual
• Quick Reference Guide Quick guide on how to identify components to configure a reference for Journal article, book, and chapter from an edited book.
• Annotated Sample Student Paper Sample student paper with formatting annotations.
• Sample student paper
• Annotated Sample Professional Paper Sample professional paper with formatting annotations
• Sample professional paper
• USC Libraries APA Style Quick Guide
• Next: In Text Citations >>
• Last Updated: Nov 1, 2023 3:17 PM
• URL: https://libguides.usc.edu/APA7th

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Public health 3100.

• Getting Started
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• Policy Briefs

Tutorials & Additional Help

7th edition, common apa questions.

• APA 7th ed. Quick Guide Cal State LA Library's overview of the in-text citations and references for some of the most common source types.
• Excelsior College OWL- APA Guide General formatting rules and examples from the 7th and 6th editions.
• Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide Purdue University's Online Writing Lab is the go-to trusted resource for quick and easy to understand information on writing style and citation.
• How to create the title page
• How to Create Running Head & Page Numbers in an APA style paper

• Author-Date Citation System Provides examples of how to cite various references in-text, as well as exceptions.
• Clinical Practice Questions Learn how to reference a an UpToDate article, Cochrane review, clinical practice guideline, lab manual, drug information and more.
• Definition of Abbreviations Learn how to introduce abbreviations within the text of your paper and as a citation.
• Fact Sheet References Learn how to reference fact sheets.
• Journal Article References Learn how to reference a journal article with missing information, supplements, and more.
• Published Dissertation or Thesis References
• White paper references
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• Last Updated: Mar 27, 2024 2:03 PM
• URL: https://libguides.calstatela.edu/PH3100

APA Citation and Format

• APA Format, 7th Edition
• Tutorials for APA 7th ed.
• Formatting Basics
• In-Text Citations
• References List
• HU Writing Lab This link opens in a new window
• Citation Managers
• Citing and Using Images
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Check Your Knowledge

APA Manual, 7th edition

Guides to Using APA Style

• Style and Grammar Guidelines from the APA
• APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th ed.) from Purdue OWL

APA Style, 7th edition

• Introduction
• Presentation Slides

The  Introduction to the 7th edition of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association   provides a more detailed summary. 

These are the chapters with important changes for students and faculty:

• Paper Formatting (Chapter 2):  New student title page, simplified Running Head, and updated formats for Headings.
• Writing Style and Grammar (Chapter 4):  The manual now advises the pronoun “they” for a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant.
• Bias-Free Language (Chapter 5):  Updates guidelines for writing about “age, disability, gender, racial and ethnic identity, and sexual orientation.”
• Mechanics of Style (Chapter 6): Minor changes to punctuation, spacing, and capitalization.
• Tables and Figures (Chapter 7): Updated guidelines for presenting data in tables and figures.
• In-Text Citations (Chapter 8):   All sources with three or more authors are now attributed using the name of the first author followed by “et al.”
• Reference List (Chapter 9): New guidelines for using DOIs and URLs 
• APA Slides Used for In-Class Presentations

APA Sample Student Paper, 7th edition

• APA Student Paper (7th ed.) from APA Annotated sample student paper from the APA website.
• APA Professional Paper (7th ed) from APA Annotated sample professional paper from the APA website.
• APA Student Paper (7th ed.) from Purdue Owl Annotated paper from Purdue Owl.

APA Citation Examples, 7th edition

• Reference List Examples (APA 7th ed.) from APA Citation examples from the APA website.
• In-Text Citations (APA 7th ed.) from Purdue OWL
• Reference List (APA 7th ed.) from Purdue OWL
• Next: Tutorials for APA 7th ed. >>
• Last Updated: Mar 12, 2024 11:16 AM
• URL: https://library.harrisburgu.edu/apa