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International Baccalaureate (IB)

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Are you taking IB English and need some help with your studying? No need to reread all the books and poems you covered in class! This study guide is for IB English A students (students in IB English A: literature SL/HL, IB English A: language and literature SL/HL, or IB English literature and performance SL ) who are looking for additional guidance on writing their commentaries or essays.

I've compiled this IB English study guide using the best free materials available for this class. Use it to supplement your classwork and help you prepare for exams throughout the school year.

What's Tested on the IB English Exams?

The IB English courses are unique from other IB classes in that they don't have a very rigid curriculum with exact topics to cover. Instead, your class (or most likely your teacher) is given the freedom to choose what works (from a list of prescribed authors and a list of prescribed literature in translation from IBO) to teach. The exams reflect that freedom.

On the exam for all English A courses, you're asked to write essays that incorporate examples from novels, poems, plays, and other texts you've read. You're also asked to interpret a text that you've read for the first time the day of the exam.

The exact number of questions you'll have to answer varies by the course , but the types of questions asked on each all fall into the two categories listed above.

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What's Offered in This Guide?

In this guide, I have compiled materials to help teach you how to interpret poetry and how to structure your essay/commentary. I've also provided notes on several books typically taught in IB English SL/HL.

This should be most of the material you need to study for your IB exam and to study for your in-class exams.

How to Interpret Poetry Guides

Many people struggle the most with the poetry material, and if you're one of those people, we have some resources specifically for making poetry questions easier.

Here is a full explanation of how to interpret poetry for the IB exam with term definitions, descriptions of types of poems, and examples. We also have tons of poetry resources on our blog that range from explaining specific terms all the way to complete, expert analyses of poems you should know.

Here are some resources to get you started:

  • Imagery defined
  • Everything you need to know about Point of View 
  • The 20 poetic devices you should know 
  • Understanding allusion 
  • A crash course on Romantic poetry 
  • Understanding personification 
  • Famous sonnets, explained
  • An expert guide to understanding rhyme and meter, including iambic pentameter
  • The eight types of sonnets 
  • Expert analysis of "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Dylan Thomas

This is another great resource with poetry terms defined on "flashcards" , and you can test yourself on the site by clicking "play."

How to Write Your Essay Guide

If you're not sure how to write your essay, here's a guide to what your essay should look like for the IB English SL/HL papers. This guide gives advice on how you should structure your essay and what you should include in it. It also contains a few sample questions so you can get a better idea of the types of prompts you can expect to see.

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IB English Book Notes

Based on the list of prescribed authors and literature from IBO, I picked some of the most popular books to teach and provided links to notes on those works. What's important to remember from these books is key moments, themes, motifs, and symbols, so you can discuss them on your in-class tests and the IB papers.

  • Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
  • A Farewell to Arms
  • Animal Farm
  • All the Pretty Horses
  • A Streetcar Named Desire
  • Anna Karenina
  • As I Lay Dying
  • Brave New World
  • Crime and Punishment
  • Death of a Salesman
  • A Doll's House
  • Don Quixote
  • Dr. Zhivago
  • Frankenstein
  • Great Expectations
  • Heart of Darkness
  • Lord of the Flies
  • Love in the Time of Cholera
  • Love Medicine
  • One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
  • Romeo & Juliet
  • Sense and Sensibility
  • The Awakening
  • The Bluest Eye
  • The Great Gatsby
  • The Picture of Dorian Gray
  • The Stranger
  • The Sun Also Rises
  • Waiting for Godot

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The Best Study Practices for IB English

Hopefully, this guide will be an asset to you throughout the school year for in-class quizzes as well as at the end of the year for the IB exam. Taking practice tests is also important, and you should also look at our other article for access to FREE IB English past papers to help you familiarize yourself with the types of questions asked by the IBO (and I'm sure your teacher will ask similar questions on your quizzes).

Make sure you're reading all of the novels and poetry assigned to you in class, and take detailed notes on them. This will help you remember key themes and plot points so you don't find yourself needing to reread a pile of books right before the exam.

Finally, keep up with the material you learn in class, and don't fall behind. Reading several novels the week before the IB exam won't be much help. You need to have time and let the material sink in over the course of the class, so you're able to remember it easily on the day of the IB exam.

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What's Next?

Want some more study materials for IB English? Our guide to IB English past papers has links to every free and official past IB English paper available!

Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes ? Learn about the IB courses offered online by reading our guide.

Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Also, figure out your target SAT score or target ACT score .

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

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As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography.

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Study Guide for Paper 1 and Paper 2

We understand navigating our website can be tough.  There are literally 125+ videos to choose from, and it’s easy to get lost.  No worries!  Our complete Paper 1 and Paper 2 Study Guide is streamlined and includes just the essentials. No more aimless clicking.  All you need is right here in one place!

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The Complete Study Guide for Paper 1 and Paper 2 is part of our IBDP English A Student Toolkit and includes:

  • 250+ pages of updated review material!
  • The best of our website videos and documents 
  • NEW content not available on our website
  • 20 highlighted papers with examiner notes 
  • Discussion videos justifying marks on sample papers
  • Full assortment of graphic organizers
  • Sentence stems and guidance for analysis

Paper 1 Exam Review Video Course

Looking for more detailed instruction?  Try our Paper 1 Exam Review course.  This complete course features two non-literary texts to prepare you for the next Lang/Lit Paper 1 assessment.  We’ll show you how to read closely, write a strong response, score your own work, and make a personal improvement plan.  This is for serious students…go for it!

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Part of our  IBDP English A Student Toolkit , this resource includes:

  • 8 synchronous lessons with downloadable documents
  • More than 100 minutes of NEW instructional video
  • 2 exam texts
  • 2 highlighted model responses with examiner comments and discussion video
  • Paper 1 checklist
  • Paper 1 scoring and reflection guide

Getting Ready for the May 2024 Exams

We know many students are gearing up for exam day.  Let us help!  We’ve updated our Paper 1 resources to reflect common text types for both LIT and LANG/LIT.  Visit often, we update each week!  

We’ve joined forces with Revision Village to provide even more practice!  Check out this video and learn how to get immediate feedback with Newton AI.  It’s pretty amazing, and it will show your strengths and weakness while making suggestions on how to improve.

This site is loaded…be sure to check it out!

New Videos for 2024

Political Cartoons – Reading

Political Cartoons – Writing

Poetry – Reading

Poetry – Writing

Paper 1 – Quick Tips and Tricks For All Students

We get it. Sometimes you don’t have the time to watch lots of videos and sort through lots of documents. If that describes you, then Andrew and Dave highly recommend checking out the videos below. They are short, sweet, and have loads of critical tips and tricks to help you succeed on Paper One.

Watch this before your next Paper 1 for important reminders.

Ten Tips for Paper One

Don't make these mistakes! Easy fixes that add points.

Ten Pitfalls to Avoid for Paper One

Nobody wants to sound like a robot. Add some voice, would you?

Adding Voice to Academic Writing

Start with a firm handshake and finish strong.

Sample Intro and Conclusion

Remember: Discuss HOW the author USES text to impact the READER.

Discussing Reader Effect

Criteria B demands evaluation of the effectiveness of authorial choices.

Adding Evaluation

Don't forget to read between the lines and discuss implications.

Discussing Implications

Watch this video right before your exam. Don't miss this checklist!

Paper 1 Checklist

Language and Literature - Countdown to Paper 1!

Do you have a summative assessment or mock exam coming up?  Are you cramming content at the last minute?  If you are a Language and Literature student and this describes you, then you have come to the right place.  Each of the following TEN text types has CLOSE READING and SAMPLE RESPONSES WITH EXAMINER COMMENTS.  There are also documents with text type conventions and various other resources you need to achieve academic success.  Watch the videos and crush Paper 1.

TEXT TYPE 1: WEBSITE

Conventions

Stimulus Text

Student Response

TEXT TYPE 2: SPEECH

Conventions More Conventions Stimulus Text

TEXT TYPE 3: LETTER

TEXT TYPE 4: PRODUCT REVIEW

Conventions Stimulus Text

TEXT TYPE 5: COMIC

LINK: BoW Grant Snider

TEXT TYPE 6: FILM REVIEW

TEXT TYPE 7: BROCHURE

TEXT TYPE 8: PSA

TEXT TYPE 9: TRAVEL WRITING

TEXT TYPE 10: TABLOID COVER

TEXT TYPE 11: ADVERTISING

TEXT TYPE 12: INFOGRAPHICS

Political cartoons.

Political cartoons are self-contained commentaries on an important current event or key aspect of society, and they’re humorous.  Look out for colors, symbols, and other hidden ideas lurking in the subtext.  Remember: just like literary authors, cartoonists make a series of choices in their work intended to shape meaning.  Look carefully.  Detect nuances and implications.  Evaluate.  Ace Paper 1.

Learn how to deconstruct political cartoons.

Cartoon Terms

Cartoon of Cartoon Terms

Now that you’ve learned some basic terms, let’s apply them to more cartoons.

Apply your new cartoon skills to academic writing.

Cartoon and Sample Writing

Sentence Stems for Analysis

Put it all together and check out this 7.

Advertising

They’re everywhere on our phones and screens.  Advertisers work to cut through the clutter, grab our attention, and subtly influence us to make choices to buy, buy, and buy some more.  Accordingly, Dave and Andrew believe it’s essential to learn the tips and tricks companies use to manipulate our attention and persuade us to act.  Check out these videos.  Not only will you improve your Paper 1 performance, but you will also be a more skilled and savvy consumer who is attuned to the features our favorite brands employ in their ads.

Learn key terms and how to break down ads.

Features of Advertising

Mnemonic for Deconstructing Ads

There's more to learn! Add these skills to your toolbox.

15 Techniques of Advertising

More Tools of Persuasion

Put it all together and write an organized piece of academic writing.

The Model Paragraph

Opinion Articles

Whether they agree with what’s happening in our world or not, writers of opinion columns implement a series of choices in their work to maximize their persuasive effect.  A close cousin of speeches, these short and complete texts pack a punch.  Look carefully at how they’re structured, how they use rhetoric, and how they end strong.  Learn this stuff.  It’s Paper 1 gold.

What tools do these writers use? Add these terms to your list.

Persuasive Elements in Opinion Articles

Now that you’ve got some basic skills and some terms under your belt, let’s apply them to three different opinion articles and see what we can do.

Put it all together and see what it looks like.

Paper One Student Sample (original)

Paper One Student Sample (highlighted)

Literary Text Types

Regardless of the course you are enrolled in, we’re all studying literature.  How is prose fiction different than prose nonfiction?  What about drama and poetry?  Are there any special skills and tips to learn?  We’ve got the answers to these questions and more down below.  Consume these resources and become a better critical reader and writer.  

Prose Fiction

What’s prose fiction?  Think novels.  Think short stories.  Think “imaginative” writing.  It’s one of the cornerstones of the course for a reason, as it teaches us about the human condition and fosters empathy.  Learn how to be a close reader of prose fiction and let your knowledge shine when you write your Paper 1.

Literature can be tough. This acronym for deconstruction will help.

SCASNI acronym for annotating fiction

Learn more about how our SCASNI protocol can foster deeper analysis.

SCASNI applied to a Paper One Text

Put it all together and check out this full Paper 1 response.

Paper One – Full Student Response

Prose Non-Fiction

This course requires exploration of nonfiction texts as well.  So what exactly is this stuff anyway?  Think memoirs.  Think travelogues.  Think philosophy and other insightful texts that present factual information in an entertaining and literary way.  We love prose non-fiction, and so do our students.  These were our mock exams as well as former IB exams.  

Remember: Paper 1 is a reading test first. Watch this video.

Assessment Text (original) Assessment Text (annotated)

Yes, diaries show up on assessments. Familiarize yourself with this text type.

Assessment Text (original)

Assessment Text (annotated)

We love a good memoir. Another former IB Lit assessment here.

Check out what this writer does. They know what they're doing!

Student Response (original) Student Response (highlighted)

Another strong Lit response. You getting the hang of this yet?

Student Response (original)

Student Response (highlighted)

Our final mock exam in this Lit series. Another strong response.

Student Response (original and highlighted) Three Different Styles of Introductions

Sure, we understand poetry is abstract, but we promise it can be fun! It’s complex and requires deep thinking, but that’s where the magic lives.  Check out the videos and documents below.  You’ll find poetic terminology, close reading strategies, and sentence stems to guide your writing.  Watch.  Learn.  Master.  You’ve got this!  

Just like any text type, poetry has its own set of terms. Learn them!

Poetic Terms

Sample Poem with Annotations

Now you know some terms. A few more pieces and you're on your way.

How to Read a Poem

Acronym for Analyzing Poetry

Words to Describe Mood and Tone

Maya Angelou Poem For Analysis

Let's practice our new skills with a nature poem from Mary Oliver.

Mary Oliver Poem for Analysis

Mary Oliver Poem (fully annotated)

Check out this former IB Exam where we break down a great poem.

Document: Poem – “Tyre Shop” by Bob Orr

Check out the full student response and compare your work to the sample.

Document: “Tyre Shop” – Full Student Response

Andrew and Dave love drama.  But, you’ve got to remember to pay attention to the stage directions. What can you see and hear on stage?  What props do you notice?  How are costume and staging used for effect?  So many things to explore!  It’s important to learn the basics for now, but stay tuned for more content in the future.  Our students love drama, and so will you.  Immerse yourself in this text type and enjoy!

We'll add more content soon. For now, master these important conventions of drama.

Dramatic Terms Annotated Passage

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Opinion Columns

Infographics/image, broadsheets, internet article, paper 1: texts and conventions, structural elements.

  • Salutation - shows the relationship between speaker and audience.
  • Establishes purpose
  • Introduces stance of the speaker
  • Relates to the audience
  • Purpose is emphasised through different techniques.
  • Repetition of the purpose using rhetorical devices.
  • Proving the benefits of the purpose using appeals.
  • Call to action
  • Concludes message and ends with finality.
  • Linguistic elements
  • Aristotelian appeal: Logos, ethos, and pathos
  • Use of facts and figures
  • Anecdotes or personal examples
  • Figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, imagery)
  • Hyperphora, anaphora, rhetorical structures
  • parallel structures, tricolon
  • Asyndeton, polysyndeton
  • Personalised language, usage of second person pronoun
  • Masthead or title
  • Strapline under headline, more detail
  • Short paragraph summarising entire article
  • Generates interest in the audience
  • name of the writer
  • Image and caption
  • One or two lines that grabs the attention of the audience.
  • Pulled out of the matter
  • relevant and important text.
  • States the purpose and topic.
  • States the relevance of the topic by relating to the audience.
  • Body matter (largest part)
  • Author gives a comment
  • Talks about an investigation
  • Predicts a consequence
  • Call to action.
  • Shows the credibility of the journalist.
  • Call to action, eg. comment on twitter, etc.
  • Inherits all conventions from article.
  • Opinion is stated very strongly in first paragraph.
  • Body paragraphs have arguments in favour and rebuttic arguments.
  • Newspapers and magazines often have columnists who write for them
  • Generally speaking, newspapers or magazines want there to be a cult of personality surrounding these columnists to generate good sales and brand loyalty
  • Columnists may be very outspoken in their opinions
  • Nevertheless, their opinions are in tune with the readership of a particular magazine or newspaper
  • Furthermore, their opinions are newsworthy, meaning that they both comment on the hot topics of the day and their opinions are worthy of publication.

Structural Elements

  • Introduces the issue and states the writer’s stance.
  • Strongly puts forth call to action.
  • At times, the reader of a magazine or newspaper gets to hear the editor’s voice directly
  • This usually takes the form of a brief explanation or justification on hoe they have decided to cover a topic in their newspaper or magazine
  • Remember editors are the gatekeepers at a publishing house who decide what goes in to the final publication
  • In an editorial they may comment on their journalists’ fieldwork, their columnists’ reputation, or their newspapers’ status in society
  • This is written by a renowned person, somebody who has authority in a field.
  • Opposes the stance of the editorial.
  • Written prose piece typically published by a newspaper or a magazine written by a named writer/public personality usually not affiliated by the publication’s editorial board
  • Op Eds are different from editorials (which are usually unsigned and written by the editorial board members) or Letters to the editor (which are submitted by the readers to the journal/newspaper)
  • the general of an army may write an op-ed about the status of war
  • a famous rockstar may write an op-ed in Rolling Stone magazine
  • the president of a country may write a letter to a political opponent, which he or she wishes to be published as an op-ed

Features common with editorials

  • Short sentences and simple sentence construction
  • Active voice rather than passive voice in verbs
  • Short words from common vocabulary
  • Almost no use of number or math
  • Attention grabbing title
  • Important point first, not last
  • Use of people’s first and last names for ‘human interest’
  • Affiliation language (business, university, titles, location) for persuasion
  • Who, what, when, where, why, how
  • Contains all the conventions of a cartoon or a graphic novel.
  • Stacking and flow between images and photographs.
  • Number of images
  • Spacing and use of negative space

Graphical/linguistic elements

  • Camera angles
  • Colour scheme - light and shade
  • Simple, fluent language
  • Use of formatted text
  • Facial/bodily gestures and expressions
  • Begins and ends with a hook , an attention grabber.
  • Retains the curiosity and interest.
  • Feedback mechanisms from the audience are present.

Linguistic Elements

  • Audience focused
  • Follows online conventions
  • Figurative, but to the point
  • Sets out the purpose of the letter
  • Introduces context and content for analysis
  • Contains statement of intent
  • Contains purpose and contextual clues
  • Call to action (formal open letter)
  • Reiterating purpose + intent
  • Pleasantries
  • The tone, which establishes the relationship of the writer to the primary audience
  • Relatability of the text
  • Purpose of the writer
  • Contextual references
  • Minced words, euphemisms
  • Vernacular/local language
  • Sarcastic elements
  • Uses emotive, personal language
  • The hidden implications of the text
  • The real meaning of the text below the language
  • Use of puns
  • Use of alliteration
  • Exaggeration for effect
  • Colloquial language
  • Informal names used
  • Short, snappy sentences
  • Heightened language (over the top)
  • Brand names
  • Sexual innuendos
  • A focus upon appearance / colours
  • Frequent use of elision e.g. won’t, don’t.
  • More formal
  • Metaphors rather than puns (puns - sometimes used, although more subtle)
  • subtle rhetoric
  • More complex sentences (look for sentences separated by lots of commas, semi-colons etc.)
  • Descriptions of people tends to relate to personality or position in society ;
  • Politician’s comments often included, with a commentary by the journalist
  • Focusses more on being authenticity and sophistication
  • Name of the journal – masthead
  • Contextual information under the headline, it establishes relevance of lead story – standfirst
  • Name of the writer, when it was published, place – by-line
  • Selective excerpts magnified - pull quote
  • Quotations/sources
  • Other reading suggestions - off-lead

Characteristics

  • Voice – this refers to many aspects of language including word choice, verb tense, tone and imagery
  • Newsworthy – is the column relevant to its time? What makes it newsworthy?
  • Call to action – columnist usually call on the reader to become involved or care about an issue
  • Humour – this is really an aspect of voice; humour usually helps readers see a topic through an original and fun perspective
  • Hard facts – this aspect of newsworthiness gives an opinion column credibility
  • Logos – appealing to logic will help persuade your readers

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  • Speeches by students
  • Writing purposes

The speech is a popular text type in English B exams, both for examiners and for students. This is because :It is worth noting that the Language B Subject Guide"s list of text types (SL p.31; HL p.40) describes what I have called simply a "speech" as " Speech / presentation / debate ". In practice, actual exam questions usually fall into two forms: the "Introduction to debate, speech", which basically involves arguing...

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The systematic course to master IB English analysis

For HL or IB6+ students

  • Learn Analysis

Learn how to analyze diction for IB English

Diction is the simplest literary technique, but it doesn't mean it's easy to master.

Pay close attention!

Diction means "word choice": the specific words that a writer deliberately chooses to use in a piece of writing.

Diction in action looks like this:

  • "The writer's use of emotional diction in line 5 illustrates..."
  • "The religious diction such as 'communion' and 'confession' suggests..."

The problem is that every word on a page technically counts as diction. We obviously can't analyse all of them.

  • The rules of diction
  • Never analyse boring words.
  • Always analyse interesting words.

So how can you tell if a word is interesting and therefore worthy of analysis?

  • Connotations

Every word has a denotation (i.e., a boring, literal meaning found in the dictionary) and connotations.

A word is interesting if it has interesting connotations . In analysis, we tend to care less about the denotative meaning of word because it's not interesting.

Take the word "gold" as an example.

Denotation: "a yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79"

Yawn. The word “gold” obviously means a lot more to us than just its boring denotation.

The word “gold” instantly makes us think of: wealth, money, luxury, prestige, royalty, quality, beauty, perfection, big fat Rolexes.

Gold watch

These ideas, feelings, and impressions  that we naturally associate with certain words are called connotations. They are distinct from denotations: Denotation is what the thing literally means; connotation is what we think and feel about that thing. Big difference.

Since analysis is about deeper layers of meaning, we care much more about connotations when we analyse diction.

Let's take a look at the diction in this sentence:

“The town was an infested den of thieves and smugglers.”

What words have interesting connotations?

The word “infested” is interesting. When I read/hear the word “infested”, I immediately think

Ewwwwwwwwwww!!!

I think of a gross mental image of disgusting cockroaches and rats crawling around in some old basement or sewer. To me, the diction of “infested” connotes disgust , and the writer probably chose this word precisely because it makes the town seem dirty and disgusting.

“Infested” also connotes a sense of corruption; in this case, it's not so much the biological disease, which is the literal meaning, but instead the moral corruption of these thieves and smugglers who work in morally-questionable professions.

There's also another really interesting layer of meaning. We usually associate the diction of “infested” with animals and insects, as opposed to humans. So the writer uses animalistic diction to dehumanise these criminals to the level of animals, making us view them with contempt (remember this word from the tone list?).

By thinking about the connotations, we got some great analysis about amorality, disgust and dehumanisation.

  • Exemplar Analysis

Recall the 5 steps of the Diamond Analysis Formula from the Analysis Foundations section. Well, all we have to do is apply them here, and voila, we cook up some decent analysis like this:

The author characterises “the town” to be “infested” with criminals. Here, the deliberate use of animalistic diction in “infested” serves to dehumanise the “thieves and smugglers” as creatures comparable to cockroaches or rats, which evokes a sense of disgust in readers. The animalistic diction thus captures the squalid , corrupted state of this “town” and builds an unsettling atmosphere.

Great new adjectives to use in your next essay to boost your Criterion D Language mark:

  • “ squalid ”: lacking in moral standards
  • “ unsettling ”: disturbing, making someone feel uneasy or anxious
  • Analysis Advice

When you use the word “diction”, try to precede it with an adjective. For example, avoid writing

“The diction in ‘infested'…”

Instead, write

“The animalistic diction in ‘infested'…”

The reason is because ‘diction' itself is meaningless unless we specify a particular type of word choice. In some cases, the diction is neutral and that is when you have no choice but to just write “diction”.

The same rule applies to tone, atmosphere and mood. Add a preceding adjective. There's no meaning behind tone unless it's a specific tone. The same goes for atmosphere and mood.

If you get tired of writing "diction" all the time, you can vary your diction by replacing it with “language” . For example, you can write “emotional diction" or  “emotional language”, “formal diction” or “formal language”. They mean the same thing.

  • A Word of Warning

Students often analyze diction too much. Ideally, we want to choose a variety of literary techniques. A broad range. To get high marks in analysis, you want to show off your skills. By ALWAYS analyzing diction, you are repeatedly showing the examiner that all you know is diction. Not a good idea!

Action: Stop analyzing diction so much! And if you do analyze it, ONLY choose the best, most interesting diction.

Practice Question

Practice the concepts in this lesson with questions from Questionbank .

  • Speech Topics For Kids
  • How To Write A Speech

How to Write a Speech: A Guide to Enhance Your Writing Skills

Speech is a medium to convey a message to the world. It is a way of expressing your views on a topic or a way to showcase your strong opposition to a particular idea. To deliver an effective speech, you need a strong and commanding voice, but more important than that is what you say. Spending time in preparing a speech is as vital as presenting it well to your audience.

Read the article to learn what all you need to include in a speech and how to structure it.

Table of Contents

  • Self-Introduction

The Opening Statement

Structuring the speech, choice of words, authenticity, writing in 1st person, tips to write a speech, frequently asked questions on speech, how to write a speech.

Writing a speech on any particular topic requires a lot of research. It also has to be structured well in order to properly get the message across to the target audience. If you have ever listened to famous orators, you would have noticed the kind of details they include when speaking about a particular topic, how they present it and how their speeches motivate and instill courage in people to work towards an individual or shared goal. Learning how to write such effective speeches can be done with a little guidance. So, here are a few points you can keep in mind when writing a speech on your own. Go through each of them carefully and follow them meticulously.

Self Introduction

When you are writing or delivering a speech, the very first thing you need to do is introduce yourself. When you are delivering a speech for a particular occasion, there might be a master of ceremony who might introduce you and invite you to share your thoughts. Whatever be the case, always remember to say one or two sentences about who you are and what you intend to do.

Introductions can change according to the nature of your target audience. It can be either formal or informal based on the audience you are addressing. Here are a few examples.

Addressing Friends/Classmates/Peers

  • Hello everyone! I am ________. I am here to share my views on _________.
  • Good morning friends. I, _________, am here to talk to you about _________.

Addressing Teachers/Higher Authorities

  • Good morning/afternoon/evening. Before I start, I would like to thank _______ for giving me an opportunity to share my thoughts about ________ here today.
  • A good day to all. I, __________, on behalf of _________, am standing here today to voice out my thoughts on _________.

It is said that the first seven seconds is all that a human brain requires to decide whether or not to focus on something. So, it is evident that a catchy opening statement is the factor that will impact your audience. Writing a speech does require a lot of research, and structuring it in an interesting, informative and coherent manner is something that should be done with utmost care.

When given a topic to speak on, the first thing you can do is brainstorm ideas and pen down all that comes to your mind. This will help you understand what aspect of the topic you want to focus on. With that in mind, you can start drafting your speech.

An opening statement can be anything that is relevant to the topic. Use words smartly to create an impression and grab the attention of your audience. A few ideas on framing opening statements are given below. Take a look.

  • Asking an Engaging Question

Starting your speech by asking the audience a question can get their attention. It creates an interest and curiosity in the audience and makes them think about the question. This way, you would have already got their minds ready to listen and think.

  • Fact or a Surprising Statement

Surprising the audience with an interesting fact or a statement can draw the attention of the audience. It can even be a joke; just make sure it is relevant. A good laugh would wake up their minds and they would want to listen to what you are going to say next.

  • Adding a Quote

After you have found your topic to work on, look for a quote that best suits your topic. The quote can be one said by some famous personality or even from stories, movies or series. As long as it suits your topic and is appropriate to the target audience, use them confidently.  Again, finding a quote that is well-known or has scope for deep thought will be your success factor.

To structure your speech easily, it is advisable to break it into three parts or three sections – an introduction, body and conclusion.

  • Introduction: Introduce the topic and your views on the topic briefly.
  • Body: Give a detailed explanation of your topic. Your focus should be to inform and educate your audience on the said topic.
  • Conclusion:  Voice out your thoughts/suggestions. Your intention here should be to make them think/act.

While delivering or writing a speech, it is essential to keep an eye on the language you are using. Choose the right kind of words. The person has the liberty to express their views in support or against the topic; just be sure to provide enough evidence to prove the discussed points. See to it that you use short and precise sentences. Your choice of words and what you emphasise on will decide the effect of the speech on the audience.

When writing a speech, make sure to,

  • Avoid long, confusing sentences.
  • Check the spelling, sentence structure and grammar.
  • Not use contradictory words or statements that might cause any sort of issues.

Anything authentic will appeal to the audience, so including anecdotes, personal experiences and thoughts will help you build a good rapport with your audience. The only thing you need to take care is to not let yourself be carried away in the moment. Speak only what is necessary.

Using the 1st person point of view in a speech is believed to be more effective than a third person point of view. Just be careful not to make it too subjective and sway away from the topic.

  • Understand the purpose of your speech: Before writing the speech, you must understand the topic and the purpose behind it. Reason out and evaluate if the speech has to be inspiring, entertaining or purely informative.
  • Identify your audience: When writing or delivering a speech, your audience play the major role. Unless you know who your target audience is, you will not be able to draft a good and appropriate speech.
  • Decide the length of the speech: Whatever be the topic, make sure you keep it short and to the point. Making a speech longer than it needs to be will only make it monotonous and boring.
  • Revising and practicing the speech: After writing, it is essential to revise and recheck as there might be minor errors which you might have missed. Edit and revise until you are sure you have it right. Practise as much as required so you do not stammer in front of your audience.
  • Mention your takeaways at the end of the speech: Takeaways are the points which have been majorly emphasised on and can bring a change. Be sure to always have a thought or idea that your audience can reflect upon at the end of your speech.

How to write a speech?

Writing a speech is basically about collecting, summarising and structuring your points on a given topic. Do a proper research, prepare multiple drafts, edit and revise until you are sure of the content.

Why is it important to introduce ourselves?

It is essential to introduce yourself while writing a speech, so that your audience or the readers know who the speaker is and understand where you come from. This will, in turn, help them connect with you and your thoughts.

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How to Write—And Deliver—The Perfect Wedding Speech

By Shelby Wax

How to Write a Perfect Wedding Speech

All products featured on Vogue are independently selected by our editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.

If one of your nearest and dearest is tying the knot, it’s possible you may be asked to give a speech during the wedding festivities. And while having an opportunity to share your love and memories at a major milestone event is an honor, there’s no denying that it’s a big ask—especially if public speaking isn’t your forté. A wedding speech presents a unique challenge: There’s no set formula for how the speech should play out, but it often requires sentimentality, a touch of humor, and the good sense to know when to wrap it up.

Are you a member of the wedding party that wants to (or has been asked to) give a toast at an upcoming celebration? Read ahead to learn how to write and prepare for your big moment.

Who Gives a Wedding Speech?

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First off, it’s important to make sure that the couple definitely wants you to give a toast at their celebrations. Traditionally, the maid of honor, best man, and parents of the couple will give a speech at the wedding. However, the couple should explicitly ask these guests well in advance to give a speech so they have plenty of time to prepare. They may also choose additional wedding party members to give toasts at the reception or pre-wedding parties; but if the couple has not asked you to give a speech, do not prepare one. Speeches are carefully placed into a wedding timeline so the day will stay on schedule, and an additional five minutes could cut into strategically timed moments of the celebration.

The to-be-weds also have the right to curate the day as they wish, and occasionally at a rehearsal dinner or welcome party, the couple may open the floor to additional toasts. But if this doesn’t happen, grabbing the mic unexpectedly for an off-the-cuff speech (especially after a few glasses of wine) will not be appreciated.

How to Write a Wedding Speech

How to Write a Perfect Wedding Speech

If you are asked to give a toast, it’s important that you don’t just wing it. “First, recognize that speechwriting is a creative process,” shares Allison Shapira, founder and CEO of Global Public Speaking . “Give yourself plenty of time to be creative (i.e. not the night before, when you already have so much to stress about). Wait for your most creative time of the day, and turn off any distractions. Spend some unrushed time thinking about your relationship to the couple, and what you’d like to say.”

While there’s no exact template to follow, there is a good basic formula to adhere to. “The framework I recommend for a wedding speech is: story, message, blessing,” she shares. “Tell a heartwarming story, share the message or value behind that story, and then offer a blessing or wish for the couple based on that message.”

“Typically, we advise our speakers to try to bring the audience on a journey where you initially try to make them laugh, then get to the real depth of the speech and earn some tears, then bring the whole speech full circle with a deep insight or story about the couple that ends with a funny final punch,” shares Steven Greitzer, CEO and founder of Provenance , an AI company that specializes in helping write personalized wedding vows, ceremonies, and toasts. “It’s important to have a good balance of humor and sentimentality because, if it’s a full roast, it can feel like you’re just doing a standup comedy show for your own benefit and it could lack substance. Or, if it’s too overly emotional, it can get heavy and perhaps a bit too somber for a wedding celebration.”

When choosing a story, Shapira recommends reading the room. “It should obviously be good-natured, without making anyone look bad. And, it all depends on the family dynamics,” she says. “What one family considers good-natured, another family could consider scathing. Choose someone in the audience whom you think could give you some helpful feedback, and practice the speech with them in advance.”

How to Write a Perfect Wedding Speech

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Greitzer adds that it's important that both members of the couple are highlighted in the speech. “Great anecdotes showcase who each person was before meeting, their synergy together, and their individual and collective growth,” he shares. If you don’t know one member of the couple very well, don’t be afraid to get creative. “One of the best speeches I’ve seen was from a bridesmaid who hadn’t really been able to spend too much time with her best friend’s fiance because of the pandemic,” Greitzer shares. “She creatively read texts she found in her phone that gave her a hilarious timeline of her friend falling in love.”

If you’re still not sure where to begin, consider giving an AI platform a try to help you form your toast. “The Provenance tools guide speakers to create unique, and personal ceremonies, vows, and toasts without the stress. It’s a partner in your brainstorming process; a way to help you verbalize what you were trying to say—but faster,” explains Greitzer. “Instead of being some outdated, mad-libs-style template, the expert-curated prompts inspire special stories and insights, ultimately weaving your responses together into a custom, editable first draft.”

A final writing tip from Shapira? “I definitely recommend creating an outline but do not recommend writing the speech out word for word. When we script the entire speech, it sounds too formal,” says the public speaking expert. “I recommend first brainstorming the content, rearranging it into a logical structure, then drafting a general outline which you can bring with you to the event. While it may look better to simply give the speech ‘from the heart,’ the stress involved in trying to memorize your speech is simply not worth it.”

How to Deliver a Wedding Speech

Writing a wedding speech is half the battle—next comes your performance. It’s important that your toast has a good flow, feels natural, and doesn’t drag on. Here’s where the idiom “practice makes perfect” rings true. Shapira advises giving yourself a few weeks of rehearsal to make your speech feel authentic and fluid. Her recommendations? “Read your speech out loud and make sure it stays within the time you have allotted. Read it to someone else and get their feedback. Record it and watch it back. We use a tool called AMPLIFY to get AI-based feedback.” She adds, “Don’t memorize the speech, but do read it out loud and make sure it sounds like your voice.”

The ideal length of a toast is between two to four minutes, which translates to around 500 to 1000 words on a page. Still, Greitzer notes, “The perfect length for the wedding toast complies with whatever length the couple wants it to be. Many guests don’t realize that long speeches can impact the whole evening’s timeline and affect the caterer, DJ, and so much more.”

This image may contain Human Person Electronics Phone Mobile Phone Cell Phone Dance Pose and Leisure Activities

While it’s now common to see toasts being read off a phone, both experts agree that it’s much better to print out your speech. “Reading off of a phone comes with the risk of distractions from notifications, a weird backlight that can affect the color of your face in photos, finicky technical difficulties, and having that annoying sound interference with the mic,” says Greitzer. (You also should make sure your speech is legible with a large font and wide spacing so you can easily find your place.)

The final hurdle of giving a wedding toast is getting over your nerves. “Find a quiet place right beforehand to center yourself (perhaps the bathroom or a corner of the room), pause and breathe, and remind yourself why you care about the couple,” recommends Shapira. She also adds—perhaps unsurprisingly—that it’s best to hold back on alcohol consumption ahead of the toast. “No one expects a perfect or professional speech; they want a unique, authentic message. The speech isn’t about you—it’s about the couple. Once you reframe the fact that the center of attention isn’t on you, you can relax.”

How to Write a Perfect Wedding Speech

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As Biden’s memory issues draw attention, neurologists weigh in

Since a report released on Thursday by special counsel Robert Hur described President Joe Biden as an “elderly man with a poor memory,” there have been significant misperceptions about the cognitive changes associated with aging, neurologists say.

The report on Biden’s handling of classified documents noted that the president hadn’t remembered the exact time frame that he served as vice president and was struggling to recall the period when his late son, Beau Biden, had passed away. Biden defiantly rejected the changes in a press conference late Thursday , saying “my memory’s fine.”

There’s also been scrutiny of other recent events when the 81-year-old president mixed up names of foreign leaders .

However, neurologists say blanking on the names of acquaintances or having difficulty remembering dates from the past, especially when under stress, can simply be part of normal aging.

“If you asked me when my mother passed away, I couldn’t necessarily tell you the exact year because it was many years ago,” Dr. Paul Newhouse, clinical core leader for the Vanderbilt Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, said.

Almost every older patient has trouble remembering people’s names, Newhouse said. 

“I think it’s by far the most universal complaint of every person as they age,” Newhouse said.

In Newhouse's experience, this type of forgetfulness doesn’t actually predict who ends up having memory disorders. Only a person’s doctor or neurologist can make that diagnosis, not outside observers, brain experts say.

Dr. Dennis Selkoe, co-director of the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, agreed that forgetting names doesn’t actually provide much insight into potential memory problems. In fact, stress and a lack of sleep, can interfere with memory, no matter how old someone is.

“Naming proper nouns is not an adequate basis to make a conclusion about whether an individual has a more consistent and more concerning substantive progressive memory disorder,” Selkoe said.

What are normal memory changes?

It’s normal for older brains to have more difficulty retaining new information and then retrieving the information, but mental processes like decision-making and judgment can actually improve with age, said Dr. Thomas Wisniewski, director of NYU Langone Health’s Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and its Center for Cognitive Neurology.

“Although the raw power of memory has some degree of decline, perhaps wisdom can increase because the individual has a greater backlog of experiences and different situations as to what is the best thing to do,” Wisniewski said.

The problem isn’t having trouble remembering names or calling someone by the wrong name, but when someone’s memory is fuzzy about recent or past experiences, said Newhouse. Issues with episodic memory — memory for events in time or if a person doesn’t remember going shopping, for example — can be a sign of a progressive disorder, but not always.

Wisniewski said he becomes concerned when people don’t even recognize that they are forgetting things.

“They forgot that they went shopping and they’re unaware that they’ve forgotten,” he said.

Overall, neurologists tend to worry less about a patient’s ability to remember remote memories from many years ago and more troubled by an inability to recall more recent events. That’s because dementia first affects the part of the brain that’s responsible for short-term memories, as opposed to long-term memories, said Newhouse.

“What I’m more concerned about is, can you remember what happened yesterday? Or an hour ago?” Newhouse said.

While the conversation surrounding aging is often framed around a person’s diminishing memory or executive functioning, there are cognitive benefits that come with growing older, Selkoe said.

“There is a type of emotional intelligence and ability to handle many different kinds of experiences in life that come with greater longevity,” he said. “People can make decisions more carefully and more rationally.”

how to write a speech ib

Akshay Syal, M.D., is a medical fellow with the NBC News Health and Medical Unit. 

how to write a speech ib

Ghael Fobes is an Associate White House Producer with the NBC News White House Unit in Washington, D.C.

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Inside Biden’s Protective White House

The White House’s cloistered nature reflects the concern of aides who worry that even small mistakes will be amplified. Lately, the president has burst through that bubble, with mixed results.

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President Biden clasping his hands. He can be seen from a slight opening in curtains.

By Katie Rogers and Lisa Lerer

Katie Rogers reported from Washington and Lisa Lerer from New York.

Aides have President Biden take the shorter stairs to board Air Force One. When it comes to news conferences, they yell loudly — and quickly — to end the questions, sometimes stealing a classic awards show tactic and playing loud music to signal the conclusion of the event. And forget about regular interviews with major news publications, including a traditional presidential sit-down on Super Bowl Sunday .

Over the years, some of Mr. Biden’s key aides have gone from letting “Joe be Joe” to wrapping a presidential cocoon around him that is intended to shield him from verbal slips and physical stumbles.

All presidents are shielded by the strictures of the office, yet for Mr. Biden, who at 81 is the oldest person in history to hold the job, the decision is not only situational but strategic, according to several people who are familiar with the dynamic. The cloistered nature of his White House reflects a concern among some of his top aides that Mr. Biden, who has always been prone to gaffes, risks making a mistake.

Those risks were revealed in striking ways during the events that unfolded this week.

After a special counsel’s report on Mr. Biden’s handling of classified documents was published on Thursday, the president was furious with how he was portrayed, viewing the report as a partisan and personal attack that included one of the most gutting experiences of his life — his son Beau’s death.

His aides discussed options, including whether to wait a day to respond. But in the end, the president decided to answer questions from reporters who assembled in a haphazard scrum, rather than a formal news conference.

Aides tried to end the scrum multiple times. But Mr. Biden kept talking, offering a forceful defense of his memory.

He also made mistakes. As he headed toward the door, the president turned back to take a question on the war in Gaza. He criticized Israel’s campaign against Hamas as an “over the top” operation that had led to human suffering in the besieged strip.

He described his work to urge other leaders in the region to to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza. But then he mixed up Mexico and the Middle East while recalling the negotiations.

It was not the only flub.

At campaign events this week, he confused dead European leaders for their living counterparts, saying he had spoken to François Mitterrand, the former French president who died in 1996, and Helmut Kohl, the former German chancellor who died in 2017.

Amid the criticism and concern over his words, some of the people closest to Mr. Biden — including Jill Biden, the first lady — are concerned that the presidency wears on him. A small number of aides close to the first couple keep a scrupulous watch over Mr. Biden’s schedule and hash out the finest details, down to the specifics of a motorcade route.

Mr. Biden has granted fewer interviews and delivered fewer news conferences than any of his predecessors dating back to President Ronald Reagan, which has led to criticism that a president who promised “transparency and truth” at the outset of his term has not done enough to explain his decisions to Americans, particularly on foreign policy.

Even the way Mr. Biden walks to the presidential aircraft is subject to careful management. The president started taking a short flight of stairs directly into the belly of Air Force One, rather than a tall stairway wheeled up to a higher point on the plane, after he tripped and fell over a sandbag during a commencement ceremony this past summer. Now, there is a Secret Service agent positioned at the bottom of the stairs when he disembarks. (Mr. Biden’s immediate predecessor, Donald J. Trump, who is 77, often took the short stairs during bad weather.)

White House officials have not said when Mr. Biden will receive another physical exam. The last one was conducted nearly a year ago by Kevin C. O’Connor, the president’s longtime physician, who declared his patient, then 80, to be “healthy” and “vigorous.”

Outside the White House, Mr. Biden’s allies worry about the optics of his physical appearance, which have become fodder for conservative attacks and online memes. And the issue is not just partisan; a recent poll by NBC News shows that half of Democratic voters say they have concerns about Mr. Biden’s mental and physical health.

His gait is somewhat halting, a characteristic multiple people close to the White House say is partly because of his refusal to wear an orthopedic boot after suffering a hairline fracture in his foot before taking office.

Even so, aides say Mr. Biden will keep increasing the number of appearances that allow him to interact directly with the public, including unscheduled drop-ins at restaurants and shops.

The White House rejected concerns about the president’s mental acuity.

Andrew Bates, a White House spokesman, said in an email that Mr. Biden “is traveling the country at an aggressive rate.” He added that Mr. Biden is using “interviews, speeches and innovative digital events” to deliver his message.

Democrats who have spent time with Mr. Biden in smaller settings, including fund-raisers, private meetings and round tables after events, say he remains sharp — even pugilistic.

Jay Jacobs, the chairman of the New York State Democratic Party, said Mr. Biden spoke without notes at a recent fund-raiser, addressing a range of issues, including foreign policy and the stakes of the election. After the event, the president asked Mr. Jacobs detailed questions about the special election for a House seat in New York’s Third Congressional District.

“The characterization that I’m seeing currently is just unfair,” Mr. Jacobs said. “Yes, his voice can sound older. There’s no question of that. But I will tell you from my personal conversations with him, this guy was on his game.”

Mr. Biden’s allies say that there is no proof that he is unfit for office, and that the coverage of his mistakes — and his age — does not compare with the substance of the things he gets correct.

“I care about the action,” said Robert Wolf, a longtime Democratic donor who was at one of Mr. Biden’s fund-raisers in Manhattan on Wednesday. “I care about the legislation. I care about the people he has around him. I don’t care if he messes up between the Middle East and someone’s name.”

Mr. Wolf said that at the end of a long day of headlining campaign events around New York City, Mr. Biden grabbed a microphone and privately took about a half-dozen questions from a group of donors on Wednesday evening, focusing largely on foreign policy.

Others point to the president’s accomplishments, saying it is time for Democrats to stop attacking him — or harboring quiet hopes for someone to replace him on the ticket — and rally behind his candidacy.

“I am not going to tell voters to not take into account the president’s age. The age of an elected official, and of a candidate for office, is a germane consideration,” said Representative Jake Auchincloss, a Democrat who represents suburban Boston. “But I’m going to encourage them to take into account his full profile and track record, everything he brings to the table.”

Mr. Biden’s allies also say that the president’s legislative accomplishments, from a bipartisan infrastructure bill to a measure intended to increase semiconductor production in the United States, are proof not only of his mental acuity but of his ability to negotiate in pivotal — and unscripted — moments.

“Republicans would have loved to come out of these meetings and say, ‘We’d really like to get something done, but unfortunately, you know, the guy can’t remember anything,’” said Jesse Lee, who worked in communications at the White House’s National Economic Council until November. “It’s not like there’s some sacred cone of silence that, you know, never gets broken except for this.”

Doug Mills contributed reporting.

Katie Rogers is a White House correspondent covering a range of issues, including foreign policy, domestic policy, and the Biden family. Her book, “American Woman,” about first ladies in the White House, will be published in February 2024. She joined The Times in 2014. More about Katie Rogers

Lisa Lerer is a national political reporter for The Times, based in New York. She has covered American politics for nearly two decades. More about Lisa Lerer

Our Coverage of the 2024 Presidential Election

News and Analysis

Former President Donald Trump has privately expressed support for a 16-week national abortion ban with exceptions  — a seeming attempt to satisfy social conservatives who want to further restrict the procedure and voters who want more modest limits.

Senator Joe Manchin III, the conservative West Virginia Democrat, announced that he would not seek the White House in 2024 , ending months of speculation that he might challenge President Biden as an independent candidate.

A panel of top congressional leaders has recommended that Nikki Haley receive Secret Service protection  after she received an increase in threats upon emerging as the final challenger to Trump for the Republican nomination.

Devouring the Establishment:  Long a dominant force over the Republican Party’s institutions, former President Donald Trump is now moving to fully eradicate their independence  and remake them in his own image as November draws closer.

Letting Insults Fly: Nikki Haley has, until recently, run a fairly positive campaign, even as she has endured relentless criticism from Trump. Her 22-year-old son, Nalin Haley, is not so inclined to pull his punches .

Can Democrats Win Back Latino Men?: A friendship forged in a Las Vegas barbershop offers clues to one of the biggest questions of the presidential election .

Disparate Economic Pictures: Democrats say Nevada’s economy is getting better, while Republicans argue it’s getting worse. Which message resonates more could help make a difference in the pivotal battleground state in November .

Behaving Like an Incumbent: As he rolls toward the Republican nomination, Trump is using the imagery of his presidency  to twist the race in his favor in ways big and small.

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30 November 2023

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IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SET OF INSTRUCTIONS Pack

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IB English B: TEXT TYPES How to write a SET OF GUIDELINES

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IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write AN OFFICIAL REPORT Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write AN OFFICIAL REPORT Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a BOOK REVIEW Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a BOOK REVIEW Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a LETTER TO THE EDITOR pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a LETTER TO THE EDITOR pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write an ESSAY Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write an ESSAY Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a DIARY ENTRY Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a DIARY ENTRY Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write an ARTICLE Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write an ARTICLE Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack

IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack

This is the complete bundle containing all of the HOW TO WRITE ENGLISH B TEXT TYPE PACKS that I have created.

Before purchasing this product:

Please download the FREE ‘How to write a LETTER OF COMPLAINT Pack’. This will give you a clear idea of the structure and content of all of the How to… Packs.

Please watch the promo video I have made. This will give you a visual overview of what to expect.

Please ensure you have not already purchased one or more of the products already associated with this bundle.

With each pack, you will receive:

The SL Workbook – with answer options for Part 1 worksheets

The HL Workbook – without answer options for Part 1 worksheets

A one-page Jumbled Mentor Text Starter – the elements of the mentor text are jumbled up and students need to sequence them correctly.

An answer key for Part 1 worksheets.

Each workbook contains 2 parts:

Part ONE contains worksheets to encourage students to do these activities:

read the jumbled version of the mentor text and sequence the different elements correctly

discuss and make decisions about the choice of text type to fulfil the requirements of the prompt

read the actual mentor text

answer comprehension questions to show understanding of the mentor text - now based on actual exam-type questions

identify and label the different features of the mentor text

explain different grammar aspects

answer questions about synonyms, antonyms and the meaning of words

determine how the main ideas in paragraphs are developed and extended.

Part TWO invites students to write that text type using a follow-on prompt and to show handwritten evidence (by writing everything into the workbook) that they have …

conducted a mini-research project to provide them with the necessary background information for the content of the task

extracted relevant vocabulary and created sentence frames to assist the writing process

used a structured planning page to jot down notes for each element of the writing task

followed a step-by-step guide to writing their first draft

assessed their first drafts with an informative checklist that also contains relevant advice to help them improve their first draft.

The entire writing process, from understanding and using a mentor text, to researching, thinking about, planning, and redrafting is therefore completely visible and should provide students with enough practice to confidently write about each text type in their examinations.

The entire bundle covers these text types, topics, and related themes:

An ARTICLE about learning to learn (Human Ingenuity) A BLOG ENTRY about the impact of social media (Identities) A DIARY ENTRY about cultural gaffes (Social Organisation) AN ESSAY about the need to learn writing skills (Human Ingenuity) AN INFORMAL EMAIL about pet euthanasia (Experiences) A LETTER TO THE EDITOR about plastic pollution (Sharing the Planet) A PROPOSAL about improving International Day (Social Organisation) A REVIEW of a fiction book (Experiences) A SPEECH about saving a zoo (Sharing the Planet) AN OFFICAL REPORT about a technology experiment (Identities) A PERSUASIVE BROCHURE about a theme parks (Human Ingenuity) AN EMBEDDED INTERVIEW about making a difference (Sharing the Planet) A NEWS REPORT about being remarkable (Human Ingenuity) A SET OF GUIDELINES about mental well-being (Identities) A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS about learning to learn (Human Ingenuity) A SOCIAL MEDIA POST about Third-Culture Kids (Identities)

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Honeymoons.com

Pro Tips on How to Write a Maid Of Honor Speech

Y ou can’t write a perfect and flawless maid of honor’s speech hastily on your phone or tablet at the venue. It takes time and practice to make the day for your best girl. Below, you’ll learn how to write a maid of honor speech that will call for a standing ovation.

You’ve been invited as the maid of honor to your best friend’s upcoming wedding, and you’re excited and nervous simultaneously. Let’s face it! Not all of us have a background in performing, acting, or speaking in front of a crowd.

The maid of honor comes with plenty of responsibilities , including drafting and delivering a unique and captivating maid of honor speech. Public speaking is a common fear, and it’s only natural you might feel anxious. In this guide, we’ll look at everything you need to know about how to write a maid of honor speech and make your BFF’s big day special.

Let’s dive in!

When to Start Writing a Maid Of Honor Speech

If you’re unlike most people who procrastinate for too long, give yourself as much time as possible to prepare your speech. It’s advisable to start at least a month before D-day, which may seem too long to draft the brief maid of honor speech. When you’re ready, select a time you feel free and inspired by your friendship with the bride or couple.

You could feel extra fantastic after the bachelorette party after an array of experiences you’d forgotten about, jot them down. Free writing unleashes all the anecdotes and thoughts about your best friend, and you’ll see all the memories and feelings at once.

In such instances, you’ll garner some inspiration from these reflections. Once you’ve outlined all your cherished memories, the next step is understanding the maid of honor speech outline to ensure it flows flawlessly.

Start By Introducing Yourself

The first step is to learn how to start your maid of honor speech. Start introducing yourself and briefly mentioning your relationship with the bride and groom. Next, ensure you thank all those you feel are essential in attendance, depending on the scenario and who contributed to or planned the wedding.

Include the parents, family members, wedding party members, etc. Pat yourself on the back as you already have ready the first two important lines of your maid of honor’s speech!

Talk About the Bride

It’s time to take things to a more personal level! How you met the bride is a familiar story that will tickle the audience. Ensure it’s enticing and appropriate. If not, change gears to a different story that exemplifies your relationship or an instance when your friendship sparked.

If you share a bond over music, dance, or food, you could bring in a time when you both tried and failed a karaoke night or a recipe and embarrassed yourselves. You could have met in a class project as partners, and from there, you became inseparable. Be creative and sentimental and keep the crowd engaged and, if possible, giggling.

Speak About Her Partner

After talking about your girl, it’s always a good idea to mention how you first met her to-be hubby in the maid of honor speech. Remember, you’re the bride’s wingman, but the occasion is about celebrating the two lovebirds. Get creative here and talk of an appealing or embarrassing moment when the two met while maintaining your support and solidarity for their relationship. Always keep a happy face despite how you frankly feel about her partner.

Talk About Them as a Couple

After speaking of how you met the partner, you can now transition to their first dating times as a couple. Remember to be creative, as this works wonders no matter how long you’ve known them. Maybe you were your friend’s roommate and witnessed her smitten and giddy nerves in person.

Explain how she behaved when she first heard the words “I Love You” from her spouse. Did you play a part in encouraging or discouraging her? Be creative and keep the audience engaged.

Keep it Short and Sweet

Always remember that a maid of honor speech should only be two to three minutes long. That’s ample time to tell several stories about the couple and toast to a prosperous future. It’s still a wedding, and some people, especially the little ones, will probably be anxious to start eating or dancing at this point. So, keep it short and sweet.

Ensure you practice your maid of honor speech in advance, and in front of a mirror works wonders. You can also practice in front of your friend, family member, or even your cat as you time yourself to ensure the speech is the correct length. Once you’re confident you’ll kill it, remember to end your speech with a toast. You can follow the old-fashioned and natural route of raising your glass to end your maid of honor speech.

Things to Avoid In a Maid of Honor Speech

There are several topics to elude in your maid of honor speech. You might be carried away and decide to include humor which can go wrong if you’re not careful. Ensure you don’t drink beforehand, even if you want to calm your nerves. Anything more than a drink during the cocktail hour could spell doom. All in all, steer clear of these taboo topics:

  • Inappropriate anecdotes
  • Past relationships or divorces
  • Foul language/Adult humor
  • Long-winded stories
  • Gambling, drugs, and drinking
  • Negativity about marriage
  • Is it a must for the maid of honor to give a speech?

In most instances, a maid of honor should be expected to give the speech, especially if other attendees are planning on giving one. However, this isn’t required as it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you’re anxious in front of a crowd, you could express yourself in other ways, like a dance, song, or a sweet love story presentation about the couple.

2. How long should a maid of honor speech be?

It should take a minimum of three and five minutes since there could be other speeches to give during the meal courses, games, dancing, and extra reception activities.

3. When does the maid of honor give her speech?

If the wedding is traditional and follows the traditional wedding speech honor, the maid of honor is expected to give her speech after the parents of the new couple have given theirs. Sometimes, the couple may have a different setting where the speeches are delivered during the rehearsal dinner. Therefore, checking in with the to-be-weds about the speech order is essential to ascertain your spot in the lineup.  

4. How do I write a maid of honor speech?

Always avoid overcomplicating it and stay true to yourself. Please keep it simple by giving a story, sharing how you know the couple, and toasting the newlyweds.

Writing a maid of honor speech can be both an exciting and anxious experience! However, you’ll need plenty of time and practice to write a flawless speech. By following the above guide, you’ll be sure to deliver a winning maid of honor speech that will make your best friend’s big day fun and memorable.  

The post Pro Tips on How to Write a Maid Of Honor Speech appeared first on honeymoons.com .

You can’t write a perfect and flawless maid of honor’s speech hastily on your phone or tablet at the venue. It takes time and practice to make the day for your best girl. Below, you’ll learn how to write a maid of honor speech that will call for a standing ovation. You’ve been invited as... View Article

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RFK Jr. apologizes to his family for Super Bowl ad invoking JFK

Elena Moore, photographed for NPR, 11 March 2020, in Washington DC.

Elena Moore

how to write a speech ib

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. speaks during a rally in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Emily Elconin/Getty Images hide caption

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. speaks during a rally in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is apologizing to his family for a Super Bowl ad that harkened back to the 1960 presidential campaign of his uncle, former President John F. Kennedy.

"I'm so sorry if the Super Bowl advertisement caused anyone in my family pain," Kennedy said in a post on X, the website formally known as Twitter. "The ad was created and aired by the American Values Super PAC without any involvement or approval from my campaign. FEC rules prohibit Super PACs from consulting with me or my staff. I love you all. God bless you."

Kennedy had developed a controversial political reputation as a longtime leader of the anti-vaccine movement, promoting baseless conspiracy theories . He first announced his candidacy last spring, vowing to challenge President Biden for the Democratic nomination, but ultimately pivoted to running as an Independent .

Our momentum is growing. It’s time for an Independent President to heal the divide in our country. 🇺🇸 #Kennedy24 pic.twitter.com/6rwXW3AwAp — Robert F. Kennedy Jr (@RobertKennedyJr) February 12, 2024

The ad, which remains pinned to the top of Kennedy's X page, uses his uncle's campaign song, "Kennedy for Me," colorizing the original black and white video and adding images of the independent candidate.

The video, which was paid for by Kennedy's PAC, American Values 2024, cost $7 million to air during the Super Bowl on Sunday night.

"RFK Jr offers us real change along with freedom, trust and hope," super PAC co-founder Tony Lyons said in a statement to NPR. "Like his uncle and his father, Kennedy is a corruption-fighter, and it's no wonder the DNC is trying every old trick and inventing new tricks to stop him. The public sees through it all and won't stand for it," he added.

The ad release comes just days after the Democratic National Committee filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission, arguing Kennedy's super PAC violated campaign finance laws.

Kennedy remains a longshot candidate, though some political experts warn that a third-party candidate option could take votes away from the eventual Democratic and Republican candidates. In recent NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist polling , Kennedy pulls more votes from Trump-aligned voters, potentially benefiting Biden.

The Kennedy family – who have long been associated with the Democratic party – have largely come out publicly against Kennedy's independent presidential bid and instead have said they will support Biden.

IMAGES

  1. Speech Writing Outline and Format for Students

    how to write a speech ib

  2. 10 Easy Steps: How to Write a Speech Example in 2024

    how to write a speech ib

  3. Basics of how to Write a Speech

    how to write a speech ib

  4. IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack

    how to write a speech ib

  5. Speech Writing

    how to write a speech ib

  6. How to Write a Speech: Step-by-Step Guide

    how to write a speech ib

VIDEO

  1. Top 3 Powerful Speech Will Change your Life

  2. How to Learn Parts of Speech (Prepositions) #english #preposition #shorts #ytshorts #youtube

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  5. ✨Text To Speech 🍈Play Eating Storytime || Best Compilation Of @Brianna Mizura|| Part 7.1.1

  6. Reading Aphasia

COMMENTS

  1. PDF Writing a speech

    1. an opening that grabs your audience's attention and makes the overall topic of your speech clear - for example, pose a question to the audience where you can predict the answer. 2. a well-structured, supported and developed argument - for example, to support your argument you might use real life examples or anecdotes.

  2. Top tips for Paper 1 for IB Language B

    Top tips for Paper 1 for IB Language B Brad Philpot Published 2 August 2018 The International Baccalaureate has published a guide for Language B for the Diploma Programme. With a new guide comes new components of assessment and marking criteria. The new Paper 1 is a writing exam worth 25% of the final course grade.

  3. DP English B: Text type expectations

    register and tone conventions - (the first three in the list will be the most likely to be expected in marking) 'Appropriate?' This box contains advice about how to choose each text type as the most 'appropriate' for the task required by the question, from the choice of three presented.

  4. IB English Individual Oral (IO) Explained

    Lang Lit Literature In this guide, IB45 graduate Richard Nguyen and IB43 graduate Jerica Nieva will share their wisdom on how to tackle the IB English IO. The guide covers everything from choosing global issues to selecting a good extract to structuring the IO to preparing for the question section at the end!

  5. DP English A: Language & Literature: Speech

    Resources (2020 exams) Text types. Speech. There are as many different kinds of speeches as there are audiences. Nevertheless, there are some traits that all speeches have in common, despite their different audiences. Before we look at these defining characteristics below, it is important to note that there are three over arching principles ...

  6. PDF Pearson IB Diploma English B sample

    b The home had little influence on the writer's identity. c The construction of the house took many years. d Precious possessions had been left in the house by the writer. e The writer believes that a home does not have to be just a physical space. Text handling.

  7. IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack

    IB English B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack Subject: English Age range: 16+ Resource type: Unit of work Videos File previews zip, 2.21 MB A workbook in which students handwrite the entire writing process leading to the submission of their final drafts of different IB English B text types.

  8. The Best IB English Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL

    In this guide, I have compiled materials to help teach you how to interpret poetry and how to structure your essay/commentary. I've also provided notes on several books typically taught in IB English SL/HL. This should be most of the material you need to study for your IB exam and to study for your in-class exams.

  9. IB ENGLISH A: Analyzing Speeches

    IB ENGLISH A: Analyzing Speeches - Video 1 IB English Guys 17.6K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed Share 3.3K views 6 months ago Paper One and IO Skills This video provides guidance on...

  10. IB English A Individual Oral example

    An example of an Individual Oral for IB English A Language & Literature. Take a look at the planning stage and then listen to a full presentation.Link to pre...

  11. How to Ace your IB English IO in 2021 (with Examples)

    How to Ace your IB English IO in 2021 (with Examples) The perfect IB English IO is all about sophisticated argumentation, analysis, and structure. Learn how to structure and maximize your IB English IO score.

  12. PDF Guidelines on text types used on language B paper 2 HL/SL

    It might be possible that some students write only one sentence, followed by bullet points. There may be a key point at the beginning of a paragraph, followed by expansion of the key point. Examples: • Speech to first year students on how to write a formal essay • Email sending advice to a friend Suggestions

  13. IB English Paper 1 Explained

    Let's quickly recap what you need to do in a Paper 1. You need to discuss the characters, themes and plot of a chosen literary text, OR the visual and stylistic elements (diagrams, headings, titles, images) for a non-literary text. You then need to explain how and why these aspects were achieved by the writer or artist.

  14. Speech writing IB DP English B (Text types)

    Not quite what you were looking for? Search by keyword to find the right resource: A handy introductory PowerPoint to show some of the key elements of speech writing. The final slide on connectives especially helped my students.

  15. Paper One

    Think novels. Think short stories. Think "imaginative" writing. It's one of the cornerstones of the course for a reason, as it teaches us about the human condition and fosters empathy. Learn how to be a close reader of prose fiction and let your knowledge shine when you write your Paper 1. Literature can be tough.

  16. Paper 1

    Paper 1: Texts and conventions Infographics/image Salutation - shows the relationship between speaker and audience. Introduces stance of the speaker Relates to the audience Purpose is emphasised through different techniques. Repetition of the purpose using rhetorical devices. Proving the benefits of the purpose using appeals.

  17. DP English B: Speeches by students

    Argument Speeches by students The speech is a popular text type in English B exams, both for examiners and for students. This is because :It is worth noting that the Language B Subject Guide"s list of text types (SL p.31; HL p.40) describes what I have called simply a "speech" as " Speech / presentation / debate ".

  18. Diction

    Diction means "word choice": the specific words that a writer deliberately chooses to use in a piece of writing. Diction in action looks like this: "The writer's use of emotional diction in line 5 illustrates..." "The religious diction such as 'communion' and 'confession' suggests..." The problem is that every word on a page technically counts ...

  19. IB ENG B TEXT TYPES: How to write a SPEECH Pack

    Now that AI apps and programs are able to write convincing texts, it is imperative that we, as IB English B teachers, encourage students to make the entire writing process from brainstorming, researching, planning, drafting and re-drafting absolutely visible. Therefore, I have written a series of wo...

  20. How to Write a Speech: A Guide to Enhance Your Writing Skills

    Self Introduction When you are writing or delivering a speech, the very first thing you need to do is introduce yourself. When you are delivering a speech for a particular occasion, there might be a master of ceremony who might introduce you and invite you to share your thoughts.

  21. Here's How to Write a Perfect Speech

    Step 3: Edit and polish what you've written until you have a cohesive first draft of your speech. Step 4: Practice, practice, practice. The more you practice your speech the more you'll discover which sections need reworked, which transitions should be improved, and which sentences are hard to say. You'll also find out how you're doing ...

  22. How to Write a Perfect Wedding Speech

    Writing a wedding speech is half the battle. Next comes your performance. It's important that your toast has a good flow, feels natural, and doesn't drag on. Here's where the idiom ...

  23. As Biden's memory issues draw attention, neurologists weigh in

    Forgetting the names of acquaintances or having difficulty remembering dates from the past doesn't affect decision-making or judgment, brain experts say.

  24. Inside Biden's Protective White House

    His aides discussed options, including whether to wait a day to respond. But in the end, the president decided to answer questions from reporters who assembled in a haphazard scrum, rather than a ...

  25. IB English B TEXT TYPES PACK

    With each pack, you will receive: The SL Workbook - with answer options for Part 1 worksheets. The HL Workbook - without answer options for Part 1 worksheets. A one-page Jumbled Mentor Text Starter - the elements of the mentor text are jumbled up and students need to sequence them correctly. An answer key for Part 1 worksheets.

  26. Live updates: Trump ordered to pay nearly $355 million in civil ...

    A judge has ordered former President Donald Trump and his companies to pay nearly $355 million in a ruling in the New York civil fraud case. Follow here for the latest live news updates.

  27. Pro Tips on How to Write a Maid Of Honor Speech

    Practice. Ensure you practice your maid of honor speech in advance, and in front of a mirror works wonders. You can also practice in front of your friend, family member, or even your cat as you ...

  28. RFK Jr. apologizes to his family for Super Bowl ad invoking JFK

    Longshot candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. issued an apology to the Kennedy family Sunday night after his super PAC ran an ad repurposing one from former President John F. Kennedy's 1960 campaign.

  29. Fact check: Biden makes three false claims about his handling of ...

    President Joe Biden gave a press conference on Thursday night after the release of a report from the special counsel, Robert Hur, who announced that Biden would not face charges over his handling ...