analytical chemistry journal cover letter

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Author guidelines.

Last updated: December 29, 2023

Manuscript Submission Requirements Checklist

Scope of the journal, manuscript types, submit with fast format, document templates and format, acceptable software, file designations, and tex/latex, cover letter, manuscript text components, supporting information, research data policy, data requirements, language and editing services, preparing graphics, figure and illustration services, prior publication policy, editorial policies, providing potential reviewer names, manuscript transfer, proofs via acs direct correct, publication date and patent dates, asap publication, post-publication policies, sharing your published article.

• Scope : original knowledge in all branches of analytical chemistry
• Cover Letter : include the full manuscript title, the name and complete contact information of the corresponding author, the name(s) of any other author(s), a statement of why the paper is appropriate for Analytical Chemistry , a description of any Supporting Information for Publication and/or for Review Only Material, 4 or more individuals competent to review the manuscript, and any related or prior work that should be disclosed to the Editor in advance
• Abstract : describe briefly and clearly the purpose of the research, the principal results, and the major conclusions
• Safety: declare any unexpected, new, and/or significant hazards or risks associated with the reported work, to be included in the Experimental Section of the full article and included in the main text of a letter
• References: provide in the appropriate format: for example Ho, M.; Pemberton, J. E. Alkyl Chain Conformation of Octadecylsilane Stationary Phases by Raman Spectroscopy. 1. Temperature Dependence. Anal. Chem. 1998 , 70, 4915–4920.
• Graphics: attention to readability: check font size and minimize inset figures
• Table of contents graphic: required with the following dimensions: 8.25 cm by 4.45 cm (3.25 in by 1.75 in)
• Paper lengths: Article <8 pages, Technical Note 3-5 pages, Letter <4 pages, Comment <3 pages, Tutorials <8 pages , Perspective 6-10 pages. In exceptional cases justification for longer manuscripts will be considered. It is not acceptable to place important details of the experiments in the Supporting Information (SI) in order to circumvent these length guidelines.
• Administrative considerations: Outside of a preprint server, your paper must not be considered or published elsewhere, and information on whether the paper has been previously considered or posted elsewhere must be provided; manuscripts will be screened with plagiarism software; consider whether you agree to manuscript transfer; do not forget to list funding sources and your ORCID iD.

Correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief should be addressed to:

Jonathan V. Sweedler, Editor-in-Chief, Analytical Chemistry  

Department of Chemistry, 63-5, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

Phone: 217-244-7866

Fax: 217-265-6290

Email:  [email protected]

The Most Cited Journal in Analytical Chemistry*

Analytical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed research journal that is devoted to the dissemination of new and original knowledge in all branches of analytical chemistry. Fundamental articles may address the general principles of chemical measurement science without directly studying existing analytical methodology as long as what is discussed relates to an important chemical parameter. Articles may be theoretical or they may report experimental results. They may contribute to any phase of analytical operations including sampling, measurements, and data analysis; the articles should target fields including, but not limited to, bioanalytical chemistry, bioengineering, chemical analysis, environmental sciences, forensics and medical sciences. Topics commonly include chemical reactions and selectivity, chemometrics and data processing, electrochemistry, elemental and molecular characterization, imaging, instrumentation, mass spectrometry, microscale and nanoscale systems, -omics, sensing, separations, spectroscopy, and surface analysis. Papers dealing with established analytical methods need to offer a significantly improved, original application of the method.

Research manuscripts include Letters, Technical Notes and Articles. The maximum lengths of Letters, Technical Notes and articles are four, five and eight journal pages, respectively. In addition, the journal publishes Tutorials, Perspectives, and Reviews. Tutorial articles are written for the generalist and are intended to broaden readers’ professional interests and keep them aware of the role of analytical chemistry in the scientific arena. Perspectives point out the authors’ vision of the character and importance of a new direction in analytical chemistry, analyze research reports that provide the foundation for the new direction, and discuss the nature of the opportunities perceived. Reviews are invited and highlight recent advances in a specific subfield of measurement science. See the rest of our author guidelines for more information on the journal, the manuscript types, and how to estimate paper length.

Articles . The maximum length of Articles is eight journal pages. Rarely, a longer submission may be justified. If so, a convincing justification for the extra length must be made by the authors in their cover letter. The Editor will normally require condensation of longer papers but will consider the justification details provided by the authors.

Technical Notes . A Technical Note is a short description of a novel apparatus or technique. Authors must show ingenuity in describing the advantages of the new apparatus or technique over those already available. Technical Notes are three to five pages in length.

Letters . A Letter is a brief disclosure of significant new analytical concepts or applications and will be considered on an accelerated schedule. Letters have a maximum length of four journal pages.

Comments . A Comment presents important comments on the work of others already published in Analytical Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry will not accept comments concerning research published elsewhere. The authors of the work being discussed will ordinarily be allowed a chance to reply. Comments have a maximum length of three journal pages.

Tutorials . Tutorial articles are written for the generalist and are intended to broaden readers’ professional interests and keep them aware of the role of analytical chemistry in the scientific arena. They are not comprehensive reviews, but rather a tutorial perspective on a field. These are generally submitted by researchers in response to invitations, but unsolicited Tutorials are considered. Authors are welcome to e-mail an outline of a proposed Tutorial article to  [email protected] . Further instructions will be provided upon acceptance of a proposal. Tutorials have a maximum length of eight journal pages.

Perspectives . Perspectives point out the authors’ vision of the character and importance of a new direction in analytical chemistry, analyze research reports that provide the foundation for the new direction, and discuss the nature of the opportunities perceived. They can also be articles in which authors synthesize research results with ideas and needs for additional work, as indicated by the results. Perspectives are neither reports of original research nor reviews with the traditional objective of summarizing progress in a field. They are aimed at specialists and experts in the field. The content should reflect the sophistication of the author’s understanding of the topic. Perspectives are not intended to be accounts or analyses of an individual’s personal research. The manuscript must be balanced, fair, and accurate in its treatment of the contemporary literature. Perspectives are typically six pages and have a maximum length of ten pages. Although most Perspectives are invited, they can be submitted without invitation. The Editor encourages a preliminary contact by prospective authors for unsolicited submissions ( [email protected] ).

Reviews . Reviews are invited and details will be provided to authors when the invitation is accepted. (However, on occasion, suggested topics for Reviews will be considered; topic proposals must be emailed in advance to [email protected] .)

Manuscript length refers to the final production length, including all text, figures, tables and references (the TOC Graphic is the only component that is not considered in the length calculation). To estimate length, assume 1000 words/page. If using Microsoft Word, use the word count tool to highlight all text elements, including citations, to get the total word count. Size all tables and figures at their final production size. The effective length of figures and tables can be approximated by counting single- column figures as 250 words and double-column as 500 words (assuming that when sized at the final production size, they are ¼ and ½ page, respectively). Tables have the same size requirements as figures. If a table has been created using the Tables function in Word and has been counted in the word count, subtract the word count for the table, and instead, count the space occupied by the table as you would  a figure.

If the total estimated length is close to the length limit for the manuscript type or if the figures and tables are large, then a more accurate estimate may be needed and can be determined as follows (maximum height for all graphics is 9 in, including the caption; please allow 12 pts for each line of caption text).

• Single-column graphics (preferred) : Maximum width is 240 points (3.33 in). Measure the height of the graphic (point or inches), divide by 1320 points (18 in), and multiply by 1000 for the word equivalent. Example (in inches) for a single-column figure measuring 4.5 in. high: 4.5/18 = .25 × 1000 = 250 words.
• Double-column graphics : Size can range between 300 to a maximum of 504 points (4.17 to 7 in) wide. Measure the height of the graphic (points or inches), divide by 660 points (or 9 in), and multiply by 1000 for the word equivalent. Example (in inches) for a double-column figure measuring 4.5 in. high: 4.5/9 = .5 × 1000 = 500 words.
• If you submit tables/figures in landscape orientation greater than 3.3 in wide (and thus cannot be presented in a single-column, portrait orientation), an entire page of text (or 1000 words) will be displaced in order to accommodate the landscape presentation. More details and examples on calculating length of a figure are available here . Another option for ensuring your manuscript meets the length guidelines is to use the available electronic templates .

If a submission exceeds the length guidelines, it will be returned to the authors to be shortened or modified to fit another manuscript category. Although it may be appropriate that some experimental detail be included in the Supporting Information, it is not acceptable to place important details of the experiments there in order to circumvent the length guidelines .

While this document will provide basic information on how to prepare and submit the manuscript as well as other critical information about publishing, we also encourage authors to visit the ACS Publishing Center for additional information on everything that is needed to prepare (and review) manuscripts for ACS journals and partner journals, such as

• Mastering the Art of Scientific Publication , which shares editor tips about a variety of topics including making your paper scientifically effective, preparing excellent graphics, and writing cover letters.
• Resources on how to prepare and submit a manuscript to ACS Paragon Plus, ACS Publications’ manuscript submission and peer review environment, including details on selecting the applicable Journal Publishing Agreement .
• Sharing your research with the public through the ACS Publications open access program.
• ACS Reviewer Lab , a free online course covering best practices for peer review and related ethical considerations. 
• ACS Author Lab , a free online course that empowers authors to prepare and submit strong manuscripts, avoiding errors that could lead to delays in the publication process.
• ACS Inclusivity Style Guide , a guide that helps researchers communicate in ways that recognize and respect diversity in all its forms.

Manuscript Preparation

All ACS journals and partner journals have simplified their formatting requirements in favor of a streamlined and standardized format for an initial manuscript submission. Read more about the requirements and the benefits these serves authors and reviewers here .

Manuscripts submitted for initial consideration must adhere to these standards:

• Submissions must be complete with clearly identified standard sections used to report original research, free of annotations or highlights, and include all numbered and labeled components.
• Figures, charts, tables, schemes, and equations should be embedded in the text at the point of relevance. Separate graphics can be supplied later at revision, if necessary.
• When required by a journal's structure or length limitations, manuscript templates should be used.
• References can be provided in any style, but they must be complete, including titles. For information about the required components of different reference types, please refer to the  ACS Style Quick Guide .
• Supporting Information must be submitted as a separate file(s).

The templates facilitate the peer review process by allowing authors to place artwork and tables close to the point where they are discussed within the text. Learn more about document templates here . 

General information on the preparation of manuscripts may also be found in the ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication .

See the list of Acceptable Software and appropriate File Designations to be sure your file types are compatible with ACS Paragon Plus. Information for manuscripts generated from TeX/LaTeX is also available.

A cover letter must accompany every manuscript submission. During the submission process, you may type it or paste it into the submission system, or you may attach it as a file.

A letter should contain the following elements:

• the full manuscript title;
• the name of the corresponding author and that person’s complete contact information (mailing address, phone, fax, and email);
• the name(s) of any other author(s);
• a statement of why the paper is appropriate for Analytical Chemistry;
• a description of any Supporting Information for Publication and/or for Review Only Material;
• four to six individuals competent to review the manuscript; and
• any related or prior work that should be disclosed to the Editor in advance.

Additionally, authors should note any length issues, whether the manuscript was discussed with an Editor before submission, and other issues important for the review process.

Authors are required to suggest four or more potential reviewers, including email addresses . Suggested reviewers may not be at the same institutes as any of the manuscript authors and will be used at the discretion of the Editors. Ideally, several reviewer suggestions should be from different continents. An author may request that a certain person not be used as a reviewer. The request will generally be honored, unless the Editor feels that this individual’s opinion, in conjunction with the opinions of other reviewers, is vital to the evaluation of the manuscript.

Title . Use specific and informative titles with a high keyword content. Avoid acronyms and subtitles. Either the title or the abstract must contain the name(s) of the central measurement methodology (or methodologies) used in the paper.

Authorship . Give authors’ full names, the complete mailing address of the place where the work was done, and the current addresses of the authors, if different, as a footnote. Indicate the corresponding author by an asterisk and provide an e-mail address for that person.

Abstract . Abstracts (80–250 words) are required for Articles, Letters, and Technical Notes and should describe briefly and clearly the purpose of the research, the principal results, and the major conclusions. Remember that the abstract will be the most widely read portion of the paper and will be used by abstracting services. An abstract graphic will appear with the abstract text.

Text . Consult the publication for the general writing style. Write for the specialist (except for Tutorials, which should be written for the scientific generalist). It is not necessary to include information and details or techniques that should be common knowledge to those in the field.

Section Headings . Informative section headings and subheadings are encouraged; the “Introduction” heading is not used. Sections are not numbered. Keep all information pertinent to a particular section and avoid repetition.

Introduction . The Introduction should state the purpose of the investigation and must include appropriate citations of relevant, precedent work but should not include an extensive review of marginally related literature. If the manuscript describes a new method, indicate why it is preferable to older methods. If the manuscript describes an improved analysis of a substance, the competing methods must be referenced and compared. Absence of appropriate literature references can be grounds for rejection of the paper.

Experimental Section . Use complete sentences (i.e., do not use outline form). Be consistent in voice and tense. For apparatus, list only devices of a specialized nature. List and describe preparation of special reagents only. Do not list those normally found in the laboratory and preparations described in standard handbooks and texts. Because procedures are intended as instructions to permit work to be repeated by others, give adequate details of critical steps. While it is acceptable to report some of the detailed procedures as supporting information, important and unique experimental procedures must remain in the main manuscript.

Published procedures should be cited but not described, except where the presentation involves substantial modifications. While an experimental section is required to be in the main article and should provide sufficient detail to understand the experiments, detailed procedures may be presented in the Supporting Information.

For research that uses animals or involves human subjects, approvals from the appropriate institutional committees (i.e., the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institutional Review Board, etc.) must be documented in the Experimental Section, and the requirements found within The Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research must be followed.

Results and Discussion . The results may be presented in tables or figures; however, many simple findings can be presented directly in the text with no need for tables or figures. The discussion should be concise and deal with the interpretation of the results.

Conclusions . Use the conclusion section only for interpretation and not to summarize information already presented in the text or abstract.

References . References in the final published article to notes/comments and to the permanent literature should be numbered in one consecutive series by order of mention in the text with each reference individually numbered. Reference numbers in the text must be superscripted. The accuracy and completeness of the references are the authors’ responsibility. Use Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index abbreviations for journal names ( http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp ) and provide article title, publication year, volume, and page number (inclusive pagination is recommended). Chemical Abstracts reference information for foreign publications that are not readily available should also be supplied.

List submitted articles as “in press” only if formally accepted for publication and give the article title, volume number, and year, if known. Otherwise, use “unpublished work” with the name of the place where the work was done and the date. Include name, affiliation, and date for “personal communications”. For work published online (ASAP, in press), the DOI should be furnished in addition to the standard bibliographic information.

Examples of the reference format:

• Ho, M.; Pemberton, J. E. Alkyl Chain Conformation of Octadecylsilane Stationary Phases by Raman Spectroscopy. 1. Temperature Dependence. Anal. Chem. 1998 , 70 , 4915–4920.
• Bard, A. J.; Faulker, L. R. Electrochemical Methods , 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 2001.
• Francesconi, K. A.; Kuehnelt, D. In Environmental Chemistry of Arsenic; Frankenberger, W. T., Jr., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2002; pp 51–94.
• Pratt, D. A.; van der Donk, W. A. Theoretical Investigations into the Intermediacy of Chlorinated Vinylcobalamins in the Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Ethylenes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004 , DOI: 10.1021/ja047915o.

Acknowledgments . Authors may acknowledge technical assistance, gifts, the source of special materials, financial support, meeting presentation information, and the auspices under which work was done, including permission to publish. During manuscript submission, the submitting author is asked to select funding sources from the list of agencies included in the FundRef Registry .

If the article is dedicated to another scholar, a brief statement, such as “This article is dedicated to [name]”, can be included.

Statements about author contributions to the work or equal contributions of work should be included as a separate statement.

This information is provided to the reviewers during the peer-review process (for Review Only) and is available to readers of the published work (for Publication). Supporting Information must be submitted at the same time as the manuscript. See the list of Acceptable Software by File Designation and confirm that your Supporting Information is viewable .

If the manuscript is accompanied by any supporting information files for publication, these files will be made available free of charge to readers. A brief, nonsentence description of the actual contents of each file, including the file type extension, is required. This description should be labeled Supporting Information and should appear before the Acknowledgement and Reference sections.  Examples of sufficient and insufficient descriptions are as follows:

Examples of sufficient descriptions: “Supporting Information: 1 H NMR spectra for all compounds (PDF)” or “Additional experimental details, materials, and methods, including photographs of experimental setup (DOC)”.

Examples of insufficient descriptions: “Supporting Information: Figures S1-S3” or “Additional figures as mentioned in the text”.

When including supporting information for review only, include copies of references that are unpublished or in-press. These files are available only to editors and reviewers.

All ACS journals strongly encourage authors to make the research data underlying their articles publicly available at the time of publication.

Research data is defined as materials and information used in the experiments that enable the validation of the conclusions drawn in the article, including primary data produced by the authors for the study being reported, secondary data reused or analyzed by the authors for the study, and any other materials necessary to reproduce or replicate the results.

The ACS Research Data Policy provides additional information on Data Availability Statements, Data Citation, and Data Repositories.

Please refer to the  ACS Math Style Sheet and NMR Guidelines  for guidance.

A well-written paper helps share your results most clearly. ACS Publications’ English Editing Service is designed to help scientists communicate their research effectively. Our subject-matter expert editors will edit your manuscript for grammar, spelling, and other language errors so your ideas are presented at their best.

The quality of illustrations in ACS journals and partner journals depends on the quality of the original files provided by the authors. Figures are not modified or enhanced by journal production staff. All graphics must be prepared and submitted in digital format.

Graphics should be inserted into the main body whenever possible. Please see Appendix 2 for additional information.

Any graphic (figure chart, scheme, or equation) that has appeared in an earlier publication should include a credit line citing the original source. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to re-use this material.

The impact of your research is not limited to what you can express with words. Tables and figures such as graphs, photographs, illustrations, diagrams, and other visuals can play a significant role in effectively communicating your findings. Our Artwork Editing and Graphical Abstract services generate publication-ready figures and Table of Contents (TOC) graphics that conform to your chosen journal’s specifications. For figures, this includes changes to file type, resolution, color space, font, scale, line weights, and layout (to improve readability and professional appearance). For TOC graphics, our illustrators can work with a rough sketch or concept or help extract the key findings of your manuscript directly for use as a visual summary of your paper.

Preparing for Submission

Manuscripts, graphics, supporting information, and required forms, as well as manuscript revisions, must all be submitted in digital format through ACS Paragon Plus , which requires an ACS ID to log in. Registering for an ACS ID is fast, free, and does not require an ACS membership. Please refer to Appendix 1 for additional information on preparing your submission

Analytical Chemistry considers for publication original work that has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Related work under consideration for publication in any medium must be cited in the manuscript and the Editor informed at the time of submission. In addition, an author must inform the Editor of prior dissemination of the content in print or electronic formats in the cover letter. Analytical Chemistry authors are allowed to deposit an initial draft of their manuscript on a recognized preprint server such as ChemRxiv , bioRxiv, arXiv, or the applicable repository for their discipline prior to submission. Please note any use of a preprint server in the cover letter and include a link to the preprint, and as appropriate, state how the manuscript has been adjusted/updated between deposition and submission. Upon publication in Analytical Chemistry , authors are advised to add a link from the preprint to the published paper via the Digital Object Identifier (DOI). ChemRxiv and bioRxiv add this link for authors automatically after publication.

Electronic posting of conference presentations or posters secured by subscription or institutional logins are not considered prior publication works.

For further details, contact the Editorial Office.

For the ACS Publications policy on theses and dissertations, view the American Chemical Society's Policy on Theses and Dissertations .

Authors must submit the following material as separate files:

• Manuscript File (as a single .doc or docx file with figures, tables, and captions);
• cover letter;
• Supporting Information for Publication, if applicable; and
• any additional materials for review, if needed (submit as Supporting Information for Review Only).

A Manuscript PDF File is optional. If uploaded, this file will be used as the PDF proof during the peer review process. Authors must view and approve the PDF version of their manuscript prior to formal submission to the Editor.

Manuscript Evaluation . Submitted manuscripts should not be published or under consideration elsewhere and may be examined using software to detect duplication of already published material.

Reject with editorial review . The Editors identify submissions that in their expert opinions would not fare well during the review process; these manuscripts are rejected without additional external reviewers. Oftentimes, more than one Editor will be consulted during this initial screening. This shortens the time to decision and ensures a manageable workload for reviewers. Examples of manuscripts that would not be peer reviewed include the following: the paper is a routine extension or minor technical improvement of research already published; the science lies outside the scope of Analytical Chemistry ; the science does not meet Analytical Chemistry standards; insufficient data are provided to properly substantiate the claims and conclusions made; closely related work has already been published and few, if any, new insights are provided; the work is narrowly focused and not of broad, general appeal to the readership of Analytical Chemistry ; the manuscript is a resubmission of a paper that has been previously declined, without the addition of adequate new science and/or without notification in the cover letter of previous submission; or the manuscript deals with known analytical methods and does not offer a significant, original application of the method, a noteworthy improvement, or results on an important analyte.

The editorial decision . Reviewers evaluate the manuscript on the basis of originality, technical quality, clarity of presentation, and importance to the field. The Editors evaluate the reviewers’ arguments in the context of the scope and aims of the journal and make the final decision on each manuscript. The possible decisions include: accept; revise to address the concerns of the reviewers before the editors make a final decision; reject but consider a resubmission if significant additional work is completed; or decline on the grounds of major technical or interpretational flaws, insufficient advance, or lack of novelty and interest.

In cases when reviewers make different or conflicting recommendations, the Editors may request additional information from the reviewers, consult other experts, and/or ask the authors to clarify sections in question. Some manuscripts that are declined may be considered upon resubmission if significant additional work is completed, but authors are required to let the Editor know that the work is being resubmitted for reconsideration.

Reviewers may be asked to review subsequent versions of the manuscript, especially if new data have been added to the paper, to evaluate whether the authors have addressed the scientific concerns. In such cases, blind copies of all reviewers’ comments are normally sent to the reviewers. The Editors will expedite any additional rounds of reviews to ensure timely publication.

Any appeals should be addressed to the Editor who handled the manuscript and should include a concise statement of the specific reason for appeal.

The Editors strongly disapprove of any attempts by authors to determine the identity of reviewers or to confront potential reviewers. The editorial policy of this journal is neither to confirm nor to deny any speculation about the identities of our reviewers. Authors whose manuscripts are published in Analytical Chemistry are expected to review manuscripts submitted by other researchers from time to time. Information for Reviewers  is published separately.

Please suggest 4 or more reviewers, including email addresses. Authors are encouraged to avoid suggesting reviewers from the authors’ institutions. Do not suggest reviewers who may have a real or perceived conflict of interest . Whenever possible, suggest academic email addresses rather than personal email addresses.

If your submission is declined for publication by this journal, the editors might deem your work to be better suited for another ACS Publications journal or partner journal and suggest that the authors consider transferring the submission. Manuscript Transfer simplifies and shortens the process of submitting to another ACS journal or partner journal, as all the coauthors, suggested reviewers, manuscript files, and responses to submission questions are copied by ACS Paragon Plus to the new draft submission. Authors are free to accept or decline the transfer offer.

Note that each journal is editorially independent. Transferring a manuscript is not a guarantee that the manuscript will be accepted, as the final publication decision will belong to the editor of the next journal.

PRODUCTION AND PUBLICATION

Correction of the galley proofs is the responsibility of the Corresponding Author. The Corresponding Author of an accepted manuscript will receive e-mail notification and complete instructions when page proofs are available for review via ACS Direct Correct . Extensive or important changes on page proofs, including changes to the title or list of authors, are subject to review by the editor.

It is the responsibility of the Corresponding Author to ensure that all authors listed on the manuscript agree with the changes made on the proofs. Galley proofs should be returned within 48 hours in order to ensure timely publication of the manuscript.

Accepted manuscripts will be published on the ACS Publications Web site as soon as page proofs are corrected and all author concerns are resolved. The first date on which the document is published on the Web is considered the publication date.

Publication of manuscripts on the Web may occur weeks in advance of the cover date of the issue of publication. Authors should take this into account when planning their patent and intellectual property activities related to a document and should ensure that all patent information is available at the time of first publication, whether ASAP or issue publication.

All articles published ahead of print receive a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, which is used to cite the manuscript before and after the paper appears in an issue. Additionally, any supplemental information submitted along with the manuscript will automatically be assigned a DOI and hosted on Figshare to promote open data discoverability and use of your research outputs.

Manuscripts will be published on the “ASAP Articles” page on the web as soon as page proofs are corrected and all author concerns are resolved. ASAP publication usually occurs within a few working days of receipt of page proof corrections, which can be several weeks in advance of the cover date of the issue.

The American Chemical Society follows guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when considering any ethical concerns regarding a published article, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern.

Additions and Corrections

Additions and Corrections may be requested by the author(s) or initiated by the Editor to address important issues or correct errors and omissions of consequence that arise after publication of an article. All Additions and Corrections are subject to approval by the Editor, and should bring new and directly relevant information and corrections that fix scientific facts. Minor corrections and additions will not be published. Readers who detect errors of consequence in the work of others should contact the corresponding author of that work.

Additions and Corrections must be submitted as new manuscripts via ACS Paragon Plus by the Corresponding Author for publication in the “Addition/Correction” section of the Journal. The corresponding author should obtain approval from all coauthors prior to submitting or provide evidence that such approval has been solicited. The manuscript should include the original article title and author list, citation including DOI, and details of the correction.

Retractions

Articles may be retracted for scientific or ethical reasons and may be requested by the article author(s) or by the journal Editor(s), but are ultimately published at the discretion of the Editor. Articles that contain seriously flawed or erroneous data such that their findings and conclusions cannot be relied upon may be retracted in order to correct the scientific record. When an article is retracted, a notice of Retraction will be published containing information about the reason for the Retraction. The originally published article will remain online except in extraordinary circumstances (e.g. where deemed legally necessary, or if the availability of the published content poses public health risks).

Expressions of Concern

Expressions of Concern may be issued at the discretion of the Editor if:

• there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors;
• there is evidence that the findings are unreliable but the authors’ institution will not investigate the case;
• an investigation into alleged misconduct related to the publication either has not been, or would not be, fair and impartial or conclusive;
• an investigation is underway but a judgment will not be available for a considerable time.

Upon completion of any related investigation, and when a final determination is made about the outcome of the article, the Expression of Concern may be replaced with a Retraction notice or Correction.

At ACS Publications, we know it is important for you to be able to share your peer reviewed, published work with colleagues in the global community of scientists. As sharing on sites known as scholarly collaboration networks (SCNs) is becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s scholarly research ecosystem, we would like to remind you of the many ways in which you, a valued ACS author, can share your published work .

Publishing open access makes it easy to share your work with friends, colleagues, and family members. In addition, ACS Publications makes it easy to share your newly published research with ACS Articles on Request (see below). Don’t forget to promote your research and related data on social media, at conferences, and through scholarly communication networks. Increase the impact of your research using the following resources: Altmetrics , Figshare , ACS Certified Deposit

When your article is published in an ACS journal or partner journal, corresponding authors are provided with a link that offers up to 50 free digital prints of the final published work. This link is valid for the first 12 months following online publication, and can be shared via email or an author’s website. After one year, the access restrictions to your article will be lifted, and you can share the Articles on Request URL on social media and other channels. To access all your Articles on Request links, log in to your ACS Publishing Center account and visit the “My Published Manuscripts” page.

Article , journal , and commercial reprints are available to order.

Appendix 1: PREPARING FOR SUBMISSION

We’ve developed ACS’ publishing and editorial policies in consultation with the research communities that we serve, including authors and librarians. Browse our policies below to learn more.

Ethical Guidelines

ACS editors have provided Ethical Guidelines for persons engaged in the publication of chemical research—specifically, for editors, authors, and reviewers. Each journal also has a specific policy on prior publication .

OFAC Compliance

As a U.S.-based non-profit organization, the American Chemical Society (ACS) is required to comply with U.S. sanctions laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). While these laws and regulations permit U.S.-based publishers like ACS to engage in publishing-related activities with authors located in sanctioned regions in many cases, ACS may be prohibited under U.S. law from engaging in publishing-related activities in some cases, including, but not limited to, instances where an author or the institution with which an author is affiliated is located in a particular sanctioned region or has been designated by OFAC as a Specially Designated National (SDN) pursuant to certain U.S. sanctions programs. ACS reserves the right to refrain from engaging in any publishing-related activities that ACS determines in its sole discretion may be in violation of U.S. law.

Safety Considerations

Authors must emphasize any unexpected, new, and/or significant hazards or risks associated with the reported work. This information should be in the Experimental Section of a full article and included in the main text of a letter. Statement examples can be found in the Safety Statement Style Sheet  and additional information on communicating safety information from the  ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication is freely available here .

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

A statement describing any financial conflicts of interest or lack thereof is published in each ACS journal and partner journal article.

During the submission process, the Corresponding Author must provide a statement on behalf of all authors of the manuscript, describing all potential sources of bias, including affiliations, funding sources, and financial or management relationships, that may constitute conflicts of interest. If the manuscript is accepted, the statement will be published in the final article.

If the manuscript is accepted and no conflict of interest has been declared, the following statement will be published in the final article: “The authors declare no competing financial interest.”

In publishing only original research, ACS is committed to deterring plagiarism, including self-plagiarism. ACS Publications uses CrossCheck's iThenticate software to screen submitted manuscripts for similarity to published material. Note that your manuscript may be screened during the submission process.

Further information about plagiarism can be found in Part B of the Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research . See also the press release regarding ACS' participation in the CrossCheck initiative.

Authorship, Author List, and Coauthor Notification

Authors are required to obtain the consent of all their coauthors prior to submitting a manuscript. The submitting author accepts the responsibility of notifying all coauthors that the manuscript is being submitted.

During manuscript submission, the submitting author must provide contact information (full name, email address, institutional affiliation, and mailing address) for all of the coauthors. Because all of the author names are automatically imported into the electronic Journal Publishing Agreement , the names must be entered into ACS Paragon Plus. (Note that coauthors are not required to register in ACS Paragon Plus.) Author affiliation should reflect where the work was completed, even if the author has since left that institution. Authors may include a note with a current address if their institution has changed since the work was completed.

To expedite the processing of your manuscript, please format your author and affiliation information according the guidelines in this link: https://pubsapp.acs.org/paragonplus/submission/author-address-information.pdf .

Criteria for authorship can be found in Part B of the Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research . Artificial intelligence (AI) tools do not qualify for authorship. The use of AI tools for text or image generation should be disclosed in the manuscript within the Acknowledgment section with a description of when and how the tools were used. For more substantial use cases or descriptions of AI tool use, authors should provide full details within the Methods or other appropriate section of the manuscript.

If any change in authorship is necessary after a manuscript has been submitted, confirmation is required that all of the authors (including those being added or removed) have been notified and have agreed to the change. To provide this confirmation, authors are asked to complete and sign an authorship change form and provide the completed form to the appropriate editorial office.

Authors with a single name:  If you, or any of your coauthors, have only one name, please follow these steps for proper submission to ACS Paragon Plus:

• First (Given) Name Field: Enter an asterisk (*) into the "First (Given) Name" field.
• Last (Family) Name Field: Enter your single name into the "Last (Family) Name" field.

If your paper is accepted, the asterisk (*) will be removed from the published version of the paper.

Patent Activities and Intellectual Property

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all patent activities and intellectual property issues are satisfactorily resolved prior to first publication (ASAP or in issue). Acceptance and publication will not be delayed for pending or unresolved issues of this nature.

Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID)

Authors submitting manuscript revisions are required to provide their own personal, validated ORCID iD before completing the submission, if an ORCID iD is not already associated with their ACS Paragon Plus user profiles. This ID may be provided during original manuscript submission or when submitting the manuscript revision. All authors are strongly encouraged to register for an ORCID iD, a unique researcher identifier. The ORCID iD will be displayed in the published article for any author on a manuscript who has a validated ORCID iD associated with ACS when the manuscript is accepted.

ORCID iDs should not be typed into the manuscript. ACS publishes only those ORCID iDs that have been properly verified and linked before the manuscript is accepted . After your ORCID iD is linked, it will be displayed automatically in all subsequently accepted manuscripts for any/all ACS journals. We do not publish ORCID iDs provided during proof review or via other communications after a manuscript is accepted for publication.

With an ORCID iD, you can create a profile of your research activities to distinguish yourself from other researchers with similar names, and make it easier for your colleagues to find your publications. If you do not yet have an ORCID iD, or you wish to associate your existing ORCID iD with your ACS Paragon Plus account, you may do so by clicking on “Edit Your Profile” from your ACS Paragon Plus account homepage and following the ORCID-related links. Learn more at www.orcid.org .

Copyright and Permissions

To obtain forms and guidelines for completing the Journal Publishing Agreement or obtaining permissions from copyright owners, and to explore a Copyright Learning Module for chemists, click here .

Funder Reporting Requirement

Authors are required to report funding sources and grant/award numbers. Enter ALL sources of funding for ALL authors in BOTH the Funder Registry Tool in ACS Paragon Plus and in your manuscript to meet this requirement.

Open Access Compliance

ACS offers options by which authors can fulfill the requirements for open access and deposition into repositories for funded research. Visit our ACS Open Science site to see how to fulfill requirements for specific funders  and to find out if you are eligible to publish under a Read + Publish agreement between ACS and your institution. You can also find out more about Open Access Compliance and ACS Open Science initiatives .

Diversity and Inclusion Statement

During manuscript submission, ACS journal authors have the option to submit a statement sharing information related to diversity and inclusion that is relevant for their paper. If supplying a diversity and inclusion statement, the corresponding author must provide this on behalf of all authors of the manuscript during the submission process. These statements include but are not limited to analysis of citation diversity and acknowledgment of indigenous land on which research was conducted. Statements expressing political beliefs are not permitted and may be removed by the journal office. All statements are subject to final review by the Editor.

• Citation Diversity Statement: The citation diversity statement should appear in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript. ACS recommends including the following: (1) the importance of citation diversity, (2) the proportion of citations by gender and race/ethnicity for the first and last authors, (3) the method used to determine those proportions and its limitations, and (4) steps taken to by the authors to improve citation diversity in the article. We recognize that one limitation of the current methods is that it cannot account for intersex, non-binary, and transgender people, or Indigenous and mixed-race authors. (Adapted from BMES/Springer Guidelines )
• Land acknowledgment: The land acknowledgment statement should appear in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript. The statement should link to the institutions’ formal land acknowledgments on which the research took place, if possible. Further guidance for creating these statements can be found here: https://nativegov.org/news/a-guide-to-indigenous-land-acknowledgment/ .

Appendix 2: Preparing Graphics

Digital graphics pasted into manuscripts should have the following minimum resolutions:

• Black and white line art, 1200 dpi
• Grayscale art, 600 dpi
• Color art, 300 dpi

Graphics must fit a one- or two-column format. Single-column graphics can be sized up to 240 points wide (3.33 in.) and double-column graphics must be sized between 300 and 504 points (4.167 in. and 7 in.). The maximum depth for all graphics is 660 points (9.167 in.) including the caption (allow 12 pts. For each line of caption text). Lettering should be no smaller than 4.5 points in the final published format. The text should be legible when the graphic is viewed full-size. Helvetica or Arial fonts work well for lettering. Lines should be no thinner than 0.5 point.

Color may be used to enhance the clarity of complex structures, figures, spectra, and schemes, etc., and color reproduction of graphics is provided at no additional cost to the author. Graphics intended to appear in black and white or grayscale should not be submitted in color.

Type of Graphics

Table of contents (toc)/abstract graphic.

Consult the Guidelines for Table of Contents/Abstract Graphics for specifications.

Our team of subject-matter experts and graphical designers can also help generate a compelling TOC graphic to convey your key findings. Learn more about our Graphical Abstract service .

A caption giving the figure number and a brief description must be included below each figure. The caption should be understandable without reference to the text. It is preferable to place any key to symbols used in the artwork itself, not in the caption. Ensure that any symbols and abbreviations used in the text agree with those in the artwork.

Charts (groups of structures that do not show reactions) may have a brief caption describing their contents.

Each table must have a brief (one phrase or sentence) title that describes the contents. The title should be understandable without reference to the text. Details should be put in footnotes, not in the title. Tables should be used when the data cannot be presented clearly in the narrative, when many numbers must be presented, or when more meaningful inter-relationships can be conveyed by the tabular format. Tables should supplement, not duplicate, information presented in the text and figures. Tables should be simple and concise.

Each scheme (sequences of reactions) may have a brief caption describing its contents.

Chemical Structures

Chemical structures should be produced with the use of a drawing program such as ChemDraw.

Analytical Chemistry authors are encouraged to submit images to be considered for use on the journal’s front cover or Supplementary Covers at the time of the submission of their revised manuscript. If your article is accepted for publication, your suggestion may also be selected for use on one of the journal’s covers. Images chosen for the front cover will be published at no cost to the author. If your art is selected for front cover, ACS will send you information about how to request one complimentary 18” by 24” printed poster featuring your work.

Cover art should be colorful and eye-catching, ideally without text, and must convey the importance and significance of the research. In general, we discourage submissions of structures, graphs, and chemical schema. We do encourage artistic renditions of molecules, cells, and data. The final cover image should be 20.8 cm in width and 25.4 cm in height (8.19 x 10.0 inches), with a resolution of 300 dpi or higher, preferably in the .jpg or .tif format. The logo will cover 5.6 cm (2.2 inches) at the top, so make sure that the main part of the image is in the field that will not get covered (but please do not add the logo at the top). Cover art files, as well as a short (<50-word), clear caption explaining the image, should be uploaded to ACS Paragon Plus as supplementary files during the final revision process. These images may be modified or enhanced by an ACS graphic artist. Cover art may delay issue publication of the associated Article; however, ASAP publication will not be delayed.

If you wish to be considered only for the front cover, and not a paid supplementary cover, please respond NO accordingly to the Supplementary Cover art question in ACS Paragon Plus. For more information on the Supplementary Covers program, please see this webpage . All art submitted for consideration for a supplementary cover will also be considered for a front cover.

Web Enhanced Objects (WEO)

The Web editions of ACS journals allow readers to view multimedia attachments such as animations and movies that complement understanding of the research being reported.

WEOs should be uploaded in ACS Paragon Plus with ‘Web Enhanced Object’ selected as the file designation. Consult the list of compatible WEO formats .

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Cover letter guidance

A cover letter (sometimes referred to as a justification or letter to reviewers) is an excellent opportunity for you to promote your work to the editor and reviewers

These guidelines are relevant to all of our journals. Make sure that you check your chosen journal’s web pages for specific guidelines too.

This is a chance for you to explain the importance of the work submitted and why it is most suitable for the journal. Your cover letter will be sent to reviewers.*

Things to consider:

• Make sure you state the correct journal name
• Address your letter to the relevant Associate Editor or Executive Editor
• Include a succinct statement about the importance and/or impact of your work
• Avoid repeating information that is already in your abstract or introduction
• Check your spelling
• Don’t include preferred/non-preferred reviewers in your letter as these should be entered in the manuscript submission system only
• Don’t refer to themed issue invitations or invited articles as these should be entered in the manuscript submission system only

*NB: cover letters are not sent to reviewers for  Chemical Science . Some journals may also have particular requirements to be included in the cover letter, please check the  journal specific guidelines  for further information. 

← View all guidelines for submitting your article

← Explore all information and guidelines for authors

Submission guidelines

General information, manuscript submission, artwork and illustrations guidelines, supplementary information (si), after acceptance, research data policy and data availability statements, scientific style, ethical responsibilities of authors, compliance with ethical standards, competing interests, research involving human participants, their data or biological material, research involving animals, their data or biological material, informed consent, authorship principles, editorial procedure, editing services, open access publishing.

• Mistakes to avoid during manuscript preparation

Instructions for Authors

The journal publishes Original Paper, Rapid Communication, Note, Advancements in Instrumentation and Review including Focus.

Only new, previously unpublished results given in concise form will be accepted. Known facts should only be mentioned briefly, with appropriate literature citations. Authors are asked to also submit copies of any related papers currently under consideration by another journal.

The manuscript must be accompanied by a Cover Letter. The Cover Letter should have 400 to 600 words and contain the following items:

• Significance of the work
• Novelty of the work
• Contribution to the field

With their submission, authors are encouraged to suggest potential reviewers for their work. They may also prepare a graphical abstract figure which concentrates on the innovative aspects of the submitted work.

A simple and informative figure in color should be prepared for a Graphical Abstract (GA). This figure should be entirely original. Adjust its size for GA to be 5 cm long and 8 cm wide. The figure must be saved in the JPEG, PNG or TIFF format at 300 dpi. The GA file must be submitted as a separate file together with the manuscript. Please note that the GA will also undergo peer review. The GA may be selected as the front cover picture of an issue.

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.

Permissions

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.

Online Submission

Please follow the hyperlink “Submit manuscript” and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.

Source Files

Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission and revision. Failing to submit a complete set of editable source files will result in your article not being considered for review. For your manuscript text please always submit in common word processing formats such as .docx or LaTeX.

Please make sure your title page contains the following information

The title should be concise and informative.

Author information

• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (state), country
• A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author
• If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s)

If address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published.

For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and country of residence, not their e-mail address unless specifically requested.

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT , do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria . Notably an attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM should be properly documented in the Methods section (and if a Methods section is not available, in a suitable alternative part) of the manuscript.

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

Please note: For some articles (particularly, systematic reviews and original research articles), 250 words may not be sufficient to provide all necessary information in the abstract. Therefore, the abstract length can be increased from the 250-word limit (to up to 450 words) if the topic dictates, and to allow full compliance with the relevant reporting guidelines.

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

Statements and Declarations

• Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Please refer to "Competing Interests and Funding" below for more information on how to complete this section.

Text Formatting

Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.

• Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 10-point Times Roman) for text.
• Use italics for emphasis.
• Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.
• Do not use field functions.
• Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
• Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
• Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.
• Save your file in docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or doc format (older Word versions).

Please use no more than three levels of displayed headings.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.

Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference symbols.

Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:

1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].

2. This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman [5].

3. This effect has been widely studied [1-3, 7].

Reference list

The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list.

The entries in the list should be numbered consecutively.

M.K. Slifka, J.L. Whitton, J Mol Med. (2000) https://doi.org/10.1007/s001090000086

H. Ibach, H. Lüth, Solid-State Physics, 2nd edn. (Springer, Dordrecht, 1996), pp. 45–56

D.M. Abrams, in Conductive Polymers, ed. By R.S. Seymour, A. Smith (Springer, New York, 1973), p. 307

J. Cartwright, Big stars have weather too. (IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb, 2007), http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007

Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations, see

ISSN.org LTWA

If you are unsure, please use the full journal title.

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
• Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
• Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

Electronic Figure Submission

• Supply all figures electronically.
• Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
• For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable.
• Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
• Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.
• Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.
• Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
• All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
• Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.

Halftone Art

• Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
• If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
• Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Combination Art

• Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
• Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
• Color art is free of charge for print and online publication.
• Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB.

Figure Lettering

• To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
• Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
• Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
• Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
• Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
• If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures, "A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
• Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
• No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption.
• Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
• Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

Figure Placement and Size

• Figures should be submitted within the body of the text. Only if the file size of the manuscript causes problems in uploading it, the large figures should be submitted separately from the text.
• When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
• For large-sized journals the figures should be 84 mm (for double-column text areas), or 174 mm (for single-column text areas) wide and not higher than 234 mm.
• For small-sized journals, the figures should be 119 mm wide and not higher than 195 mm.

If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.

Accessibility

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that

• All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
• Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (color-blind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
• Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

Generative AI Images

Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and make sure your work adheres to the principles described therein.

Springer accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an article or a book chapter. This feature can add dimension to the author's article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form.

Before submitting research datasets as Supplementary Information, authors should read the journal’s Research data policy. We encourage research data to be archived in data repositories wherever possible.

• Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
• Please include in each file the following information: article title, journal name, author names; affiliation and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
• To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading.
• High resolution (streamable quality) videos can be submitted up to a maximum of 25GB; low resolution videos should not be larger than 5GB.

Audio, Video, and Animations

• Aspect ratio: 16:9 or 4:3
• Maximum file size: 25 GB for high resolution files; 5 GB for low resolution files
• Minimum video duration: 1 sec
• Supported file formats: avi, wmv, mp4, mov, m2p, mp2, mpg, mpeg, flv, mxf, mts, m4v, 3gp

Text and Presentations

• Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
• A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.

Spreadsheets

• Spreadsheets should be submitted as .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).

Specialized Formats

• Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied.

Collecting Multiple Files

• It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.
• If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
• Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", “... additional data are given in Online Resource 4”.
• Name the files consecutively, e.g. “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.
• For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.

Processing of supplementary files

• Supplementary Information (SI) will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary files, please make sure that

• The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material
• Video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk)

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Shortly after this you will receive two e-mails. One contains a request to confirm your affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article, as well as to arrange rights and payment of any associated publication cost. A second e-mail containing a link to your article’s proofs will be sent once typesetting is completed.

Article publishing agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, you will either grant the Publisher an exclusive licence to publish the article or will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations

Publication of color illustrations is free of charge.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers.

Articles in Springer Nature open access journals do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In confirming the publication of your article with open access you agree to the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Find more about the license agreement

This journal follows Springer Nature research data policy . Sharing of all relevant research data is strongly encouraged and authors must add a Data Availability Statement to original research articles.

Research data includes a wide range of types, including spreadsheets, images, textual extracts, archival documents, video or audio, interview notes or any specialist formats generated during research.

Data availability statements

All original research must include a data availability statement. This statement should explain how to access data supporting the results and analysis in the article, including links/citations to publicly archived datasets analysed or generated during the study. Please see our full policy here .

If it is not possible to share research data publicly, for instance when individual privacy could be compromised, this statement should describe how data can be accessed and any conditions for reuse. Participant consent should be obtained and documented prior to data collection. See our guidance on sensitive data for more information.

When creating a data availability statement, authors are encouraged to consider the minimal dataset that would be necessary to interpret, replicate and build upon the findings reported in the article.

Further guidance on writing a data availability statement, including examples, is available at:

Data repositories

Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit their supporting data in a publicly available repository. Sharing your data in a repository promotes the integrity, discovery and reuse of your research, making it easier for the research community to build on and credit your work.

See our data repository guidance for information on finding a suitable repository.

We recommend the use of discipline-specific repositories where available. For a number of data types, submission to specific public repositories is mandatory.

See our list of mandated data types .

The journal encourages making research data available under open licences that permit reuse. The journal does not enforce use of particular licences in third party repositories. You should ensure you have necessary rights to share any data that you deposit in a repository.

Data citation

The journal recommends that authors cite any publicly available data on which the conclusions of the paper rely. This includes data the authors are sharing alongside their publication and any secondary data the authors have reused. Data citations should include a persistent identifier (such as a DOI), should be included in the reference list using the minimum information recommended by DataCite (Dataset Creator, Dataset Title, Publisher [repository], Publication Year, Identifier [e.g. DOI, Handle, Accession or ARK]) and follow journal style.

See our further guidance on citing datasets.

Research data and peer review

If the journal that you are submitting to uses double-anonymous peer review and you are providing reviewers with access to your data (for example via a repository link, supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the authorship in the data is also anonymised. There are data repositories that can assist with this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.

Support with research data policy

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policy, finding a suitable data repository, or organising and sharing research data can consult our Research Data Helpdesk for guidance.

See our FAQ page for more information on Springer Nature's research data policy.

• Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units ( SI units ).
• Nomenclature: Insofar as possible, authors should use systematic names similar to those used by IUPAC .
• Genus and species names should be in italics.
• Generic names of drugs and pesticides are preferred; if trade names are used, the generic name should be given at first mention.
• Please use the standard mathematical notation for formulae, symbols, etc.: Italic for single letters that denote mathematical constants, variables, and unknown quantities; Roman/upright for numerals, operators, and punctuation, and commonly defined functions or abbreviations, e.g., cos, det, e or exp, lim, log, max, min, sin, tan, d (for derivative); Bold for vectors, tensors, and matrices.

Manuscripts submitted to the journal are expected to adhere to internationally accepted nomenclature

• for receptors:

www.guidetopharmacology.org

• and enzymes:

International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

The journal subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics ( COPE ) and commits to investigate allegations of misconduct in order to ensure the integrity of research.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of good scientific practice, which include*:

• The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
• The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).
• A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e. ‘salami-slicing/publishing’).
• Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
• Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
• No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

• Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
• Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.
• Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (who can be an individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could potentially be seen as personal attacks or allegations about that person.
• Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g. dual use of research). Examples include creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).
• Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in order to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary data is excluded.

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:

• If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.

- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

- an expression of concern may be placed with the article

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform , watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.

• The author’s institution may be informed
• A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.

Fundamental errors

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the error.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:

• Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
• Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals

Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section carefully.

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after publication.

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list they must declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:

Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.

It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following: "Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become publicly known after the work was published."

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject. Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement.Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding information should be included in the ‘ Declarations ’ section.

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Funding’ and/or ‘Competing interests’. Other declarations include Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Material and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

When all authors have the same (or no) conflicts and/or funding it is sufficient to use one blanket statement.

Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:

• Partial financial support was received from [...]
• The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Agreement No[…].
• This study was funded by […]
• This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]

Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:

• The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
• No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
• No funding was received for conducting this study.
• No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:

Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.

Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.

Non-financial interests: none.

Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.

Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:

• The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
• The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
• All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
• The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

Ethics approval

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

Retrospective ethics approval

If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological material (for which formal consent may not be needed or is difficult to obtain) ethics approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their country.

Ethics approval for case studies

Case reports require ethics approval. Most institutions will have specific policies on this subject. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their institution and seek ethics approval where needed. Authors should be aware to secure informed consent from the individual (or parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable) See also section on Informed Consent .

If human cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained, whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line, and batch of cells.

It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems with the cell line and may save considerable time and effort.

Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).

Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) approved the study and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively similar to a DOI) for research resources. This journal encourages authors to adopt RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, cell lines, model organisms and tools) in their manuscripts.

Organism: Filip1 tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD

Cell Line: RST307 cell line RRID:CVCL_C321

Antibody: Luciferase antibody DSHB Cat# LUC-3, RRID:AB_2722109

Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005

Software: ImageJ Version 1.2.4 RRID:SCR_003070

RRIDs are provided by the Resource Identification Portal . Many commonly used research resources already have designated RRIDs. The portal also provides authors links so that they can quickly register a new resource and obtain an RRID.

Standards of reporting

Springer Nature advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.

Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors.

Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)

Observational studies (STROBE)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)

Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)

Case reports (CARE)

Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)

Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)

Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)

Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)

Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Ethics approval’.

Examples of statements to be used when ethics approval has been obtained:

• All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of A (No. ...).

• This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No. ...).

• Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of University C. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

• The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of the University of D (Ethics approval number: ...).

Examples of statements to be used for a retrospective study:

• Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of University A in view of the retrospective nature of the study and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.

• This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. We consulted extensively with the IRB of XYZ who determined that our study did not need ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of XYZ.

• This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University B approved this study.

Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption granted:

• This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

• The data reproduced from Article X utilized human tissue that was procured via our Biobank AB, which provides de-identified samples. This study was reviewed and deemed exempt by our XYZ Institutional Review Board. The BioBank protocols are in accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

The welfare of animals (vertebrate and higher invertebrate) used for research, education and testing must be respected. Authors should supply detailed information on the ethical treatment of their animals in their submission. For that purpose they may use the ARRIVE checklist which is designed to be used when submitting manuscripts describing animal research.

For studies involving client-owned animals, authors must also document informed consent from the client or owner and adherence to a high standard (best practice) of veterinary care.

Authors are recommended to comply with:

• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and consult the IUCN red list index of threatened species .

• Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

When reporting results authors should indicate:

• … that the studies have been approved by a research ethics committee at the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted. Please provide the name of ethics committee and relevant permit number;

• … whether the legal requirements or guidelines in the country and/or state or province for the care and use of animals have been followed.

Researchers from countries without any legal requirements or guidelines voluntarily should refer to the following sites for guidance:

– The Basel Declaration describes fundamental principles of using animals in biomedical research

– The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) provides ethical guidelines for researchers as well as editors and reviewers

– The Association for the study of Animal Behaviour describes ethical guidelines for the treatment of animals in research and teaching

– The International Association of Veterinary Editors’ Consensus Author Guidelines on Animal Ethics provide guidelines for authors on animal ethics and welfare

Researchers may wish to consult the most recent (ethical) guidelines available from relevant taxon-oriented professional societies.

If a study was granted exemption or did not require ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript.

• All procedures involving animals were in compliance with the European Community Council Directive of 24 November 1986, and ethical approval was granted by the Kocaeli University Ethics Committee (No. 29 12 2014, Kocaeli, Turkey).

• All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ARVO Statement for Use of Animals in Ophthalmic Vision and Research. The ethical principles established by the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publications No. 8523, revised 2011) were followed. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (Protocol No. 06174/14) of FCAV/Unesp, Jaboticabal.

• This study involved a questionnaire-based survey of farmers as well as blood sampling from their animals. The study protocol was assessed and approved by Haramaya University, research and extension office. Participants provided their verbal informed consent for animal blood sampling as well as for the related survey questions. Collection of blood samples was carried out by veterinarians adhering to the regulations and guidelines on animal husbandry and welfare.

• All brown bear captures and handling were approved by the Ethical Committee on Animal Experiments, Uppsala, Sweden (Application C18/15) and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency in compliance with Swedish laws and regulations.

• The ethics governing the use and conduct of experiments on animals were strictly observed, and the experimental protocol was approved by the University of Maiduguri Senate committee on Medical Research ethics. Proper permit and consent were obtained from the Maiduguri abattoir management, before the faecal samples of the cattle and camels slaughtered in this abattoir were used for this experiment.

• No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study because experimental work was conducted with an unregulated invertebrate species.

• As the trappings of small mammals were conducted as part of regular pest control measures in accordance with the NATO Standardized Agreement 2048 "Deployment Pest and Vector Surveillance and Control ", no approval by an ethics committee was required.

• All experiments have been conducted as per the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. However, the insect species used in this study is reared for commercial production of raw silk materials, as a part of agro-based industry. Therefore, use of this animal in research does not require ethical clearance. We have obtained permission from the office of Research officer sericulture, Baripada, Orissa, India for the provision of infrastructure and support for rearing of silkworm both in indoor and outdoor conditions related to our study to promote sericulture practices.

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. This is especially true concerning images of vulnerable people (e.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the use of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images.

Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, DNA or other distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were studied should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant (or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative) gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under certain circumstances consent is not required as long as information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.

Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort meaning.

Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:

• Images such as x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained.

• Reuse of images: If images are being reused from prior publications, the Publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate attribution for republished images.

Consent and already available data and/or biologic material

Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem decision) must have given prior written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased should be respected.

Data protection, confidentiality and privacy

When biological material is donated for or data is generated as part of a research project authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose. In case of data acquired via a biobank/biorepository, it is possible they apply a broad consent which allows research participants to consent to a broad range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded by research ethics committees as specific enough to be considered “informed”. However, authors should always check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other type of data provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be sure that this is the case.

Consent to Participate

For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not have been fully informed, extra care will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the Springer Nature Research Integrity Group.

Consent to Publish

Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data published in a journal article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in particular applicable to case studies. A consent to publish form can be found

here. (Download docx, 36 kB)

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Consent to participate’ and/or ‘Consent to publish’. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate" :

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for “Consent to publish” :

The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the reason for removal.

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included is not only dependent on the scope of the journal, but also the scope of the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and declarations.

Data transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all data and materials as well as software application or custom code support their published claims and comply with field standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research data in concordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for the following requirements:

• ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors;
• managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication;*
• providing transparency on re-use of material and mention any unpublished material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover letter to the Editor;
• making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on data statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

* The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Author contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed at the separate title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Free text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should be included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis , it is recommended that the student is usually listed as principal author:

A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

• Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are generally not permitted, but in some cases it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during revision stage.

Author identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative which could be a direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Journal reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published paper raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been received to share information.

Single-blind peer review

This journal follows a single-blind reviewing procedure.

This journal also publishes special/guest-edited issues. The peer review process for these articles is the same as the peer review process of the journal in general.

Additionally, if a guest editor authors an article in their issue/collection, they will not handle the peer review process.

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5 Analytical Chemist Cover Letter Examples

Introduction.

When applying for a job as an analytical chemist, a well-tailored cover letter can make all the difference in helping your application stand out in a competitive job market. A cover letter serves as a personal introduction, allowing you to highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications that make you a strong candidate for the position. It provides an opportunity to showcase your passion for analytical chemistry and demonstrate your ability to contribute to the company or organization you are applying to.

In this article, we will provide you with a collection of analytical chemist cover letter examples to help guide you in crafting your own compelling cover letter. Each example will showcase different aspects of a strong cover letter, addressing key considerations such as highlighting relevant skills, avoiding common mistakes, and effectively communicating your enthusiasm for the role. By following these examples and incorporating the key takeaways, you can create a cover letter that will catch the attention of hiring managers and increase your chances of landing your dream job as an analytical chemist.

Example 1: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemist Cover Letter

Key takeaways.

Emily's cover letter effectively showcases her qualifications and enthusiasm for the Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemist role at Pfizer Inc.

It is essential to demonstrate a strong alignment between your skills and the company's mission. This highlights your potential to contribute to the organization's scientific advancements.

Emily highlights her experience in developing and implementing analytical methods for drug products, emphasizing her attention to detail and commitment to ensuring safety and efficacy.

When applying for a pharmaceutical analytical chemist position, emphasize your experience with analytical techniques and instrumentation. This demonstrates your ability to perform accurate and reliable analyses, a critical skill in the field.

The cover letter could have further emphasized Emily's collaboration skills and her ability to work effectively in cross-functional teams, which are highly valued in the pharmaceutical industry.

Highlight your experience working with multidisciplinary teams and your ability to communicate and collaborate effectively. This showcases your adaptability and teamwork skills, essential for success in a scientific research environment.

Example 2: Environmental Analytical Chemist Cover Letter

Michael's cover letter effectively showcases his relevant experience and passion for environmental conservation, positioning him as an ideal candidate for the Environmental Analytical Chemist role at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

When applying for a role in a specialized field like environmental analytical chemistry, it's important to demonstrate a genuine passion for the organization's mission. This highlights your commitment and motivation to contribute to the greater cause.

Michael highlights his experience in analytical chemistry and environmental science, along with specific examples of his accomplishments in previous roles. This demonstrates his technical expertise and ability to apply analytical techniques to environmental samples.

Emphasize your specific skills and experiences in analytical chemistry, including sample collection and preparation, instrumental analysis, data interpretation, and the use of advanced analytical techniques. These details showcase your technical proficiency and suitability for the role.

He also mentions his involvement in projects related to environmental impact assessments and regulatory compliance, showcasing his understanding of the broader context of environmental issues and his ability to contribute to the EPA's goals.

Highlight any experience you have in conducting environmental impact assessments, characterizing pollutants, and ensuring regulatory compliance. This demonstrates your knowledge of environmental regulations and your ability to contribute to the organization's objectives.

Overall, Michael's cover letter effectively communicates his qualifications, passion, and alignment with the EPA's mission, making him a strong candidate for the Environmental Analytical Chemist position.

Example 3: Food Analytical Chemist Cover Letter

Samantha's cover letter effectively showcases her experience and expertise as a Food Analytical Chemist, positioning her as a strong candidate for the position at Nestle S.A.

When applying for a specialized role like a Food Analytical Chemist, it's important to highlight your relevant experience and technical skills. This demonstrates your ability to contribute immediately in a specific area of expertise.

Samantha emphasizes her achievements in improving product safety and customer satisfaction through her work as an Analytical Chemist at PepsiCo Inc. This demonstrates her ability to identify and resolve quality issues, which is crucial in the food industry.

Highlighting tangible achievements related to quality control and safety can make your application stand out. Employers in the food industry value individuals who can ensure the integrity and safety of their products.

She also highlights her experience in developing innovative testing methods, such as the new contaminant detection method she led the development of at Mars, Inc. This showcases her problem-solving skills and ability to drive process improvements.

Highlight any experience you have in developing new testing methods or improving existing ones. This demonstrates your ability to innovate and contribute to the continuous improvement of quality control processes.

Overall, Samantha's cover letter effectively conveys her passion for quality assurance and her ability to contribute to Nestle's mission of providing safe and nutritious food options to consumers.

In your cover letter, express your genuine enthusiasm for the company's mission and values. This shows that you align with the organization's goals and are motivated to make a positive impact in your role.

Example 4: Forensic Analytical Chemist Cover Letter

William's cover letter effectively showcases his expertise and experience in forensic chemistry, positioning him as an ideal candidate for the Forensic Analytical Chemist position at the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

When applying for a specialized role like Forensic Analytical Chemist, it's crucial to highlight your specific experience and achievements in the field. This demonstrates your technical proficiency and relevance to the position.

William emphasizes his key achievements, such as developing a novel analytical method for detecting synthetic drugs, which significantly improved the identification and prosecution of drug traffickers. This demonstrates his ability to think critically, innovate, and make a positive impact in forensic chemistry.

Highlighting tangible achievements and their impact is essential in a cover letter. It showcases your problem-solving abilities, initiative, and potential to contribute to the organization's goals.

While William's cover letter effectively highlights his experience and achievements, he could further emphasize his knowledge of advanced analytical techniques and laboratory protocols, which are essential skills for a Forensic Analytical Chemist.

In a specialized field like forensic chemistry, it's important to showcase your expertise in specific techniques and methodologies. This demonstrates your technical proficiency and sets you apart from other candidates.

Overall, William's cover letter effectively communicates his experience, achievements, and alignment with the FBI's values, making him a strong candidate for the Forensic Analytical Chemist position.

Example 5: Petrochemical Analytical Chemist Cover Letter

Rachel's cover letter effectively showcases her expertise and experience in the petrochemical industry, making her a strong candidate for the Petrochemical Analytical Chemist position at Chevron Corporation.

When applying for a highly specialized role like a Petrochemical Analytical Chemist, it is crucial to highlight your relevant experience and technical skills. This demonstrates your ability to contribute immediately and effectively in the role.

She highlights her experience as an Analytical Chemist at ExxonMobil Corporation, where she conducted complex chemical analyses and developed new testing methods. This demonstrates her ability to ensure product quality and improve laboratory efficiency.

Emphasize your experience in conducting chemical analyses and developing testing methods. This showcases your expertise in ensuring product quality and your ability to drive process improvements.

Rachel also mentions her experience as a Chemical Engineer at Royal Dutch Shell, where she optimized petrochemical processes and implemented innovative solutions. This highlights her ability to identify areas for improvement and drive cost savings.

Showcase your experience in optimizing petrochemical processes and implementing innovative solutions. This demonstrates your ability to drive continuous improvement and increase productivity.

Although Rachel's cover letter effectively highlights her experience and expertise, she could have further emphasized her specific achievements and quantifiable results in each role.

Don't forget to include specific achievements and quantifiable results in your cover letter. This provides concrete evidence of your impact and adds credibility to your qualifications.

Skills To Highlight

As an analytical chemist, your cover letter should highlight the unique skills that make you a strong candidate for the role. These key skills include:

Analytical Thinking : As an analytical chemist, you will be required to analyze and interpret complex data sets. Demonstrating your ability to think critically and solve problems analytically is essential. Highlight any previous experiences where you successfully applied analytical thinking to solve scientific challenges.

Attention to Detail : Precision and accuracy are crucial in analytical chemistry. Employers are looking for candidates who can pay close attention to detail and ensure the accuracy of their work. Mention any experiences where you consistently maintained attention to detail in your laboratory work, such as accurately measuring and recording data or following strict protocols.

Problem-Solving : Analytical chemists are often faced with challenging problems that require creative solutions. Showcase your problem-solving skills by describing situations where you encountered obstacles in your research or experiments and successfully resolved them. Highlight your ability to come up with innovative approaches and troubleshoot issues in the lab.

Familiarity with Lab Equipment and Software : Proficiency in operating and maintaining lab equipment is a valuable skill for an analytical chemist. Include any experience you have with specific instruments, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as well as any software programs you are proficient in, such as ChemDraw or MassLynx.

Knowledge of Regulatory Compliance : Compliance with safety regulations and industry standards is vital in analytical chemistry. Mention your familiarity with relevant regulations and guidelines, such as Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or ISO standards. Highlight any experience you have with documentation and record-keeping to demonstrate your commitment to maintaining compliance.

By emphasizing these key skills in your cover letter, you can showcase your qualifications and suitability for the position of an analytical chemist. Remember to provide specific examples and quantify your achievements whenever possible to make your cover letter more impactful.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

When crafting your cover letter as an analytical chemist, it is important to avoid these common mistakes:

Failing to Showcase Problem-Solving Abilities : As an analytical chemist, one of the key skills you possess is the ability to solve complex problems using analytical techniques. However, many cover letters fail to effectively highlight this skill. Avoid simply stating that you have problem-solving abilities; instead, provide specific examples of how you have used your analytical skills to solve real-world problems. This could include discussing a challenging project you completed or a difficult analytical technique you mastered. By showcasing your problem-solving abilities, you demonstrate your value to potential employers and differentiate yourself from other candidates.

Not Highlighting How Your Expertise Can Address the Company's Specific Analytical Needs : Each company will have its own unique analytical needs and challenges. It is important to tailor your cover letter to address how your expertise aligns with the specific needs of the company you are applying to. Avoid using a generic cover letter that does not address the company's specific analytical requirements. Instead, conduct research on the company and identify the key areas where your skills and experience can make a significant impact. Clearly communicate how your expertise can contribute to the company's success and help solve their specific analytical challenges.

Grammar and Spelling Errors : Attention to detail is crucial in the field of analytical chemistry, and this extends to your cover letter as well. Grammatical and spelling errors can create a negative impression and suggest a lack of attention to detail. Always proofread your cover letter multiple times and consider using online grammar and spell-check tools to ensure it is error-free. Additionally, consider having someone else review your cover letter to catch any mistakes you may have missed. A well-written and error-free cover letter will demonstrate your professionalism and attention to detail, key qualities employers look for in analytical chemists.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can create a strong and compelling cover letter that effectively showcases your skills and experience as an analytical chemist.

In conclusion, a well-crafted cover letter is an essential tool for any analytical chemist looking to make a strong impression on potential employers. The examples provided in this article demonstrate the key elements that should be included in a cover letter for this field, such as a clear and concise introduction, a detailed description of relevant skills and experiences, and a strong closing statement.

By following the format and content of these examples, job seekers can effectively highlight their qualifications and demonstrate their passion for analytical chemistry. It is important to tailor the cover letter to each specific job application, ensuring that the language used aligns with the requirements of the position and the values of the company.

Remember to proofread your cover letter carefully, checking for any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. A well-written and error-free cover letter will leave a positive and professional impression on potential employers.

By taking the time to create a well-crafted cover letter, analytical chemists can greatly enhance their chances of standing out from the competition and securing their dream job in this highly competitive field.

So don't underestimate the power of a cover letter. Use it to showcase your skills, highlight your achievements, and demonstrate your passion for analytical chemistry. With a strong cover letter, you can make a lasting impression and increase your chances of landing a rewarding position in the field of analytical chemistry. Good luck with your job applications!

Analytical Chemist Cover Letter Examples

Use these Analytical Chemist cover letter examples to help you write a powerful cover letter that will separate you from the competition.

Analytical chemists use their knowledge of chemistry to analyze the chemical and physical properties of materials. They work in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, and forensics.

To land a job as an analytical chemist, you need to have a strong cover letter. Use these examples to write a cover letter that will make hiring managers want to meet you in person.

Formal/Professional Writing Style Example

With a Bachelor’s Degree in Chemistry and over six years of experience working in analytical laboratories, I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to your team as an Analytical Chemist.

Throughout my career, I have honed my skills in various analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and titration. In my most recent role at XYZ Pharmaceuticals, I have been responsible for analyzing raw materials and finished products to ensure compliance with pharmaceutical industry standards. I have consistently delivered accurate and timely results, enabling the company to make informed decisions and maintain a high level of product quality.

In addition to my technical expertise, I have a strong ability to collaborate and work effectively as part of a cross-functional team. My excellent communication skills have enabled me to present complex data to both technical and non-technical audiences, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making. I am skilled in using Microsoft Office, particularly Excel, for efficient data analysis and reporting.

I am particularly drawn to your organization due to its reputation for innovation and a commitment to quality. I believe that my passion for analytical chemistry, along with my ability to quickly adapt to new technologies and processes, will make me an ideal candidate for this position. I would welcome the opportunity to apply my skills and contribute to the continued success of your company.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my suitability for this position in more detail during an interview. Please find my resume attached for your review.

[Your Name]

Entry-Level Writing Style Example

As a recent graduate from XYZ University with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, I believe that my strong educational foundation and passion for analytical chemistry make me a great candidate for this role.

During my studies, I completed an internship at ABC Laboratories, where I gained hands-on experience in analytical techniques such as HPLC, GC, and FTIR. I also had the opportunity to collaborate with a diverse team of chemists, contributing to problem-solving discussions and learning from their expertise. Furthermore, I completed a senior research project on the analysis of pesticide levels in environmental samples, which enhanced my skills in method development, data analysis, and scientific report writing. My dedication to the field was recognized with an award for Outstanding Senior Research in Chemistry.

I am attracted to this position at your organization because of its reputation for excellence in analytical chemistry and commitment to its employees’ growth and development. I am confident that my knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm will make me an asset to your team.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss how I can contribute to your organization’s success. Please feel free to contact me at your earliest convenience to schedule an interview.

[Your Full Name]

Networking/Referral Writing Style Example

I was referred to this opportunity by Dr. John Smith, a respected colleague and friend, who is currently working as a Senior Chemist in your research and development department. Our professional relationship started during our collaboration on several research projects at XYZ University, where we witnessed each other’s passion for innovation and problem-solving in the field of analytical chemistry.

I hold a Master’s degree in Analytical Chemistry from XYZ University and have over five years of experience working in various pharmaceutical laboratories. My expertise lies in method development, instrumentation, data analysis, and quality control. I have a strong understanding of Good Manufacturing Practices and regulatory compliance protocols, which makes me well-suited for your team at ABC Corporation.

The synergy between our professional interests, instilled during our time working together, has only grown stronger over the years. Dr. Smith’s recommendation is a testament to my ability to excel in a fast-paced, application-driven environment and collaborate effectively with multidisciplinary teams.

I am confident that my educational background, experience, and motivation to contribute to the ongoing success of your organization make me an ideal candidate for the Analytical Chemist role. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss further how my skills and passion align with your needs during a personal interview.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to the cutting-edge research being conducted at your company.

Enthusiastic/Passionate Writing Style Example

As a recent graduate with a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry, I am eager to embark on a career where I can apply my extensive skills and knowledge in analytical chemistry to contribute to the growth and success of your company. The opportunity to work at such a reputable and innovative organization as yours excites me beyond words, as I know that your company’s dedication to excellence and cutting-edge research complements my own passion for scientific discovery and problem-solving.

During my time in university, I had the opportunity to undertake various research projects and internships, where I gained hands-on experience in analytical techniques, such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. I am confident that my experience, combined with my eagerness to learn and adapt, will enable me to become a valuable asset to your team.

Aside from my technical proficiency, I am a highly motivated and dedicated individual who thrives in a dynamic, fast-paced environment. I am known for my attention to detail, excellent communication skills, and the ability to collaborate effectively with interdisciplinary teams. I am genuinely passionate about the field of chemistry and eager to contribute my energy and enthusiasm to help drive innovative solutions at your company.

In conclusion, I believe that my strong foundation in analytical chemistry, coupled with my passion for discovery and innovation, makes me an ideal candidate for the Analytical Chemist position. I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your organization’s ongoing success and to grow professionally within your team. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications and enthusiasm for this position.

Problem-Solving Writing Style Example

I understand that your company is at the forefront of developing cutting-edge chemical solutions that contribute to improving the quality of life for millions of people. However, with the ever-evolving landscape of research and innovation, I recognize the challenge your company may face in maintaining its competitive edge while striving for excellence in meeting regulatory, quality, and safety standards.

As a highly motivated Analytical Chemist with over 5 years of experience in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, I am confident in my ability to address these challenges and contribute meaningfully to your organization. My background in analytical techniques, such as HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR, enables me to efficiently analyze complex mixtures and troubleshoot technical issues to ensure accurate results. Throughout my previous roles, I have successfully designed and optimized analytical methods, enabling the development of high-quality products in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Moreover, my experience in collaborating with cross-functional teams, researching best practices, and staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in chemistry allows me to identify potential improvements and implement them for a more innovative and efficient workplace. In addition to my technical expertise, I possess strong communication and problem-solving skills, ensuring effective collaboration within teams and high-quality outcomes.

I believe that my proven track record of delivering practical solutions and a strong desire to contribute to your company’s mission aligns well with the Analytical Chemist role. I am excited about the opportunity to become a valuable member of your team and contribute to your continued success in delivering innovative and effective chemical products.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss my candidacy for the Analytical Chemist position at your convenience.

Storytelling/Narrative Writing Style Example

As I walked into my college chemistry lab for the first time, I was overcome with a sense of awe and curiosity. Surrounded by beakers, test tubes, and complex instruments, I felt a deep connection to the world of chemistry, where my analytical mind could explore the unseen world of molecules and reactions. It was in that very lab, under the guidance of my inspiring professor, that I discovered my passion for analytical chemistry, which has led me to pursue this opportunity with your company.

During my time at XYZ University, I was fortunate to gain hands-on experience in various analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. My dedication to mastering these skills resulted in being awarded the Best Chemistry Student of the Year in my senior year, an accolade I am extremely proud of. I have since honed these skills during my two years of experience working as an Analytical Chemist at ABC Laboratories, where I have excelled in method development, validation, and troubleshooting for complex projects.

I am particularly drawn to your company’s commitment to sustainability and innovation, values that resonate strongly with my own. I believe my proven ability to develop and optimize analytical methods, combined with my passion for solving complex problems, would make me a valuable addition to your team. I am eager to contribute to your ongoing success while continuing to grow and explore new frontiers in the field of analytical chemistry.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my experience and passion align with your needs for the Analytical Chemist position.

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