case study questions of village palampur

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Question 1 - Case Based Questions - Chapter 1 Class 9 Economics - The Story of Village Palampur - Economics

Last updated at July 17, 2023 by Teachoo

Read the text given below and answer the following questions: 

 Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring  villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms  from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest  small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450  families belonging to several different castes. The  80 upper caste families own the majority of land in  the village. Their houses, some of them quite large,  are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs  (dalits) comprise one third of the population and  live in one corner of the village and in much smaller  houses some of which are of mud and straw. Most  of the houses have electric connections. Electricity  powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used  in various types of small business. Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school. There is  a primary health centre run by the government and  one private dispensary where the sick is treated. The  story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us  through the different types of production activities  in the village. In villages across India, farming is  the main production activity. The other production  activities, referred to as non- farm activities include  small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc.  Every production is organised by combining land,  labour, physical capital and human capital, which  are known as factors of production. 

Question (i)

Raiganj, a big village, is  __________  kms from  palampur.  .

(a) 5 

(b) 4  

(c) 3 

(d) 1 

From the paragraph, 

Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring  villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms  from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest  small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450  families belonging to several different castes.

 (c) Raiganj, a big village, is  3  kms from  Palampur. 

Question (ii)

Which of the following statement is true with  respect to palampur:  .

(a) Palampur has one primary school and  two high schools.  

(b) Palampur has two primary schools and  one high school.  

(c) Dairy is the main production activity.  

(d) The village has about 600 families  belonging to several different castes. 

From the paragraph,

Electricity  powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used  in various types of small business . Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school . There is  a primary health centre run by the government and  one private dispensary where the sick is treated. The  story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us  through the different types of production activities  in the village.

Answer:  

(b) Palampur has two primary schools and  one high school. 

Question (iii)

Raw materials and money in hand are called:  .

(a) Working capital  

(b) Fixed capital  

(c) Human capital  

(d) None of the above  

Question (iv)

The variety of inputs required at every stage  during production is known as_________.  .

(a) Physical capital  

(b) Labour  

(d) None of the above 

(a) Physical capital 

Question (v)

How many primary schools and high schools do palampur has.

Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school . There is a primary health center run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. The story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us through the different types of production activities in the village.

(a) Palampur has  two primary schools and one high school. 

Question (vi)

What are the factors of production.

In villages across India, farming is the main production activity. The other production activities, referred to as non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc.  Every production is organized by combining land, labor, physical capital, and human capital, which are known as factors of production. 

Every production is organized by combining land, labor, physical capital, and human capital, which  are known as factors of production. 

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Class Notes

Free Class Notes & Study Material

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of the village Palampur

Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

NCERT Solutions for Economics , Chapter 1 – The Story of the village Palampur

☛ Notes and Study Material – Chapter 1 The story of Village Palampur

Intext Questions

Question 1.  The following table 1.1 shows that the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided.

(i) What does the graph show?

(ii) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

(iii) You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on the information on the crops grown in your region.

(i) The above graph shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares.

The graph shows that the land under cultivation in India was 120 million hectares in 1950 which rose to 140 million hectares in 1970 and remained constant at 140 million hectares till 2000.

(ii) Yes, it is important to increase the land area under irrigation firstly so that the farmers can do multiple cropping and grow more than one crops in a year and increase their production and earning. Secondly, use of HYV seeds need of plenty of water to give best results.

Question 1.  What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?

Answer Multiple Cropping To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

Modern Farming Method The farmers of Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh use HYV seeds, tube wells for irrigation, chemical fertilisers and pesticides, as well as machinery like tractors and threshers to increase production. All these measures comprise what are known as modern farming methods.

Question 2.  The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.

Answer Between 1965 and 2001, the production of pulses has increased negligibly whereas the production of wheat increased greatly.

Thus, we can say that the Green Revolution was more successful in increasing the production of wheat as compared to pulses.

Question 3.  What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?

Answer  The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods are raw material and money. Money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.

Question 4.  Modern farming methods require the farmers to start with more cash than before. Why?

Answer  Modern farming methods require the use of HYV seeds which needs chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results and increased production. However, for buying all these inputs a lot of money is needed so a farmer needs to have more cash to start farming.

Question 1. In the picture 1.5 can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?

Answer  The shaded rectangles with boundaries show the land cultivated by small farmers.

Question 2. Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?

Answer  Land in Palampur is fixed and 75% of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood. Since land is fixed and maximum people are dependent on land they are forced to cultivate small plots of land.

Question 3.  The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land their cultivate is given in the following graph 1.1.

Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India? Explain.

Answer  Yes, I agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur because out of the 450 families, 150 families are landless, 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size whereas 60 medium and large farmers cultivate more than 2 hectares of land, a few of them have land extending over 10 hectares or more, which shows that medium and large farmers have more land though they are numerically smaller. This clearly shows the inequality in the distribution of cultivated land.

According to the graph, a similar situation exits for India also which means that 80% of the small farmers cultivate only 36% of the cultivated area whereas 20% of the big farmers cultivate 64% of the cultivated area which again shows that there is inequality in the distribution of cultivated area in the case of India also as was in Palampur.

Question 4.  Identify the work being done on the field in the picture 1.6 and arrange them in proper sequence.

Answer  The proper sequence of the activities is given below (the numbers are marked alongside each picture).

1) Plowing by bullocks

3) Spraying of insecticides

4) Cultivation by traditional methods

5) Cultivation by modern methods

6) Cutting of crops

Question 1.  Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

(a) Dala and Ramkali are landless farm labourers who work on daily wages in Palampur.

(b) Though, minimum wages for farm labourers set by the government is Rs 60 per day, they get only Rs 35-40.

(c) There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for low wages.

(d) They remain out of work for most parts of the year and have to take loans from the moneylender to fulfill their needs. Due to this seasonal unemployment, they remain poor and are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap.

Question 2.  Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of the 850 households in the two villages there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Nagpur etc.

Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination.

Answer Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to the cities like Mumbai, Delhi etc or to the prosperous agricultural regions-hike Punjab and Haryana to work as farm labourers.

(a) This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in extreme poverty, which may be due to lack of land, displacement, negative impact of natural disasters like drought or floods, etc.

(b) The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual labourers, industrial workers, street hawkers, rickshaw pullers, headload workers or as servants in homes and hotels, etc.

(c) Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm labourers since agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states.

Question 3.  Let us fill in the blanks given below.

Among the three factors of production, we found that labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages, whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or life.

In contrast to labour,_________ is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated land area is _____ . Moreover, even the existing land is distributed ______(equally/unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are a large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourer. To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use ____ and ____.Both these have led to increase in production of crops.

Modern farming methods require a great deal of _____.Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital, and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production.

______ is a natural resource, whereas ________ is man-made.

It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.

Answer The blanks should be filled up with the following words in succession

small farmers, land, fixed, unequally, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, multiple cropping technique, capital, Land, capital.

Question 1.  Let us take 3 farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see column 2). The consumption of wheat by each family is the same (column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next years production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production.

(i) Complete the tables.

(ii) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.

(iii) What happens to farmer 3 in year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production.

Answer (i) 

(ii) Comparison of wheat production of the 3 farmers over the year was as follows

The production of wheat of the first farmer increased from 100 to 160.

The production of wheat of the second farmer was constant at 80.

The production of wheat of the third farmer declined from 60 to 00.

(iii) In the third year, the third farmer did not produce any wheat and had to buy it from the market. He cannot continue production any longer unless he arranges capital, as he has no surplus to invest as capital.

Question 1.  Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical crushing machine run on electricity and has set up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullock, but people prefer to do it by machines these days. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders as Shahpur. In this process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.

(i) What capital did Mishrilal need to set up his jaggery sugarcane manufacturing unit?

Answer  To set up his manufacturing unit Mishrilal needed the following capital

(a) Fixed Capital in the form of the sugarcane crushing machine.

(b) Working Capital in the form of money for buying sugarcane from other farmers for crushing and for paying the electricity bill of running the crushing machine.

(ii) Who provides the labour in this case?

Answer The labour is provided by him and his family. Otherwise he will employ landless labourers.

(iii) Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit?

(a) Mishrilal has set up a small scale unit.

(b) The farm holdings in the village are very small of about 2 hectares in size and production of sugarcane is low as more area is under wheat, so raw material is also less.

(c) He has to pay for the electricity to run the machine.

(d) Since the industry is small scale, production is less and therefore, he is unable to increase his profit.

(iv) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss?

Answer Conditions under which he may face a loss can be any of the following

(a) If his crushing machine becomes defective, his production will reduce or totally stop.

(b) If due to drought or other calamity, the production of sugarcane nearby areas reduces, his jaggery production will come do leading to a loss for him.

(c) It the demand for jaggery decreases, he will not be able to sell enough to break even.

(d) It any other costs like electricity, labour or transportation costs increase, he may face a loss.

(v) Why does Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?

(a) Palampur is a small village with 450 families and there is not a big demand for jaggery there.

(b) Shahpur is a town where people come from different surrounding villages to buy things and there is more demand of jaggery there, so Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village.

Question 2.  Kareem has opened a computer class centre in the village. In recent years, a large number of students have been attending college in Shahpur town. Kareem found that a number students from the village are also attending computer classes in the town. There were two women in the village who had a degree in computer applications. He decided to employ them. He bought computers and set up the classes in the front room of their house overlooking the market. High school students have started attending them in good numbers.

(i) In what way is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal?

Answer Both have fixed capital in the form of machines, but Kareem has a larger fixed capital because he has assets in the form of computers which are more expensive then the sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labour.

(ii) Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

Answer Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre may be any of the following

(a) As very few educated people were there in the village, there was not any demand for computer courses.

(b) The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and so nobody thought that such a business could be successful.

(c) Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier.

Question 3.  Kishora is a farm labourer. Like other such labourers, Kishora found it difficult to meet his family’s needs from the wages he received. A few years back Kishora took a loan from the bank was under a government programme which was giving cheap loans to the poor landless households. Kishora bought a buffalo with this money. He now sells the buffalo’s milk.

Further he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various items. Once a week he goes to the river Ganga to bring back clay for the potter. 0r sometimes he goes to Shahpur with a load of jaggery or other commodities. Every month he gets some work in transport. As a result, Kishora is able to earn more than what he used to do some years back.

(i) What is Kishora’s fixed capital?

Answer Kishora’s fixed capital is the buffalo and wooden-cart which he has purchased with the bank loan.

(ii) What do you think would be his working capital?

Answer The money that he earns from selling the milk and transporting goods on his bullock-cart minus his own living expenses are his working capital.

(iii) In how many production activities is Kishora involved?

Answer Kishora is involved in the following production activities.

(a) Selling of buffalo’s milk.

(b) Transporting of various items.

(c) Bringing clay from the fiver Ganga for the potter.

(d) Transporting jaggery etc to Shahpur.

(iv) Would you say that Kishora has benefited from better roads in Palampur?

Answer Kishora has certainly benefited from better roads in Palampur because he is involved in the transport business; better roads enable him to easily transport goods from one place to another, run his business successfully and earn profits, which would have been very difficult in the absence of proper roads.

Exercises Page 14

Question 1. Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

(a) LOCATION

(c) LAND USE (in hectares)

(b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE

(d) FACILITIES

(a) Location Palampur is located 3 km from Raiganj which is a big village. The nearest town is Shahpur.

a) It is well connected with neighbouring villages and towns.

b) An all weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further to the nearest small town of Shahpur.

(b) Total Area of the Village

The total area of the Palampur village is 246 hectares.

(c) Land Use (in hectares)

(d) Facilities

Question 2.  Modern farming methods require more input which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer  Yes, it is true that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. For example

(i) HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilisers needed for increasing the yield per hectare are all manufactured in industries

(ii) Farmers use farm machinery like tractors, threshers and also combined harvestors which are also manufactured in industries

(iii) Tubewell equipment and water pumps used for irrigation are also manufactured in industries.

Question 3.  How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

(i) Most of the houses in Palampur have electric connections.

(ii) Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields that help to irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively as compared to the traditional Persian wheel drawn by bullocks. Since the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares had come under irrigation farmers did not have to depend on ‘rainfall and could grow multiple crops.

(iii) It helps small businesses run their machinery like Mishrilal’s sugarcane crushing machine.

Question 4.  Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? why?

Answer Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. In India, the rainfall is unevenly distributed in the country and if rainfall is less, then production will be low, and they will be only able to grow one crop in a season.

With good irrigation it will be possible to do multiple cropping, helping to increase the yield per hectare.

Question 5.  Construct a table on the distribution of land among 450 families of Palampur.

Answer  Distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Question 6) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

Answer  The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government are 60 per day, but wages of farm labourers in Palampur are less than minimum wages because there is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages.

Question 7.  In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

(i) In our region, there are two labourers namely Ram Khilawan and Basanti, who are husband and wife working as casual constructing labourers. Due to drought, they had to leave their village in search of employment, They get approximately 50 to 60 rupees per day which they are paid in cash.

(ii) They do not get work regularly because there are a large number of workers seeking employment, due to which they agree to work for low wages. Because of irregular work and low wages they are unable to fulfill their needs and are in debt.

Question 8.  What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Answer Multiple cropping and use of modern farming methods are two different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. e.g.,

(i) Multiple Cropping When more than one crop is grown on a piece of land during the year it is known as multiple cropping.

(a) It is the most common way to increase production on a given piece of land.

(b) All farmers in Palampur grow atleast two main crops, many are growing potato as the third crop in the past fifteen to twenty years.

(ii) Use of Modern Farming Methods

Modern farming methods also help to increase the yield per hectare.

(a) Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try modern farming methods in India.

(b) The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides in farming.

(c) Some also used farm machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat, increasing from 1300 kg per hectare to 3200 kg per hectare with HYV seeds.

Question 9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land?

(i) A farmer having 1 hectare of land for farming is called a subsistence farmer because 1 hectare of land is too less for even the sustenance of a small family.

(ii) Production is very low and it is very difficult for the farmer to provide for his family.

(iii) Apart from working on his own field he has to work on the field of the rich farmers or work as a casual labourer to survive.

(iv) The small farmer has no irrigation facilities.

(v) He has no working capital so he is also not able to buy modern machinery, HYV seeds or insecticides and pesticides.

(vi) In the absence of capital, he has to take loan from moneylender who charges a high interest rate. He is rarely able to repay the loan and eventually falls into a debt trap.

Question 10.  How did the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? how is it different from the small farmers?

Answer  Modern farming methods such as use of HYV insecticides pesticides etc require a great deal of capital so the farmer needs more money than before.

(i) The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

(ii) In contrast, the small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.

(iii) The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan, which is not so in the case of medium and large farmers.

Question 11.  On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh?Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Answer  Savita, a small farmer, in order to cultivate wheat on her 1 hectare of land, decides to borrow money from Tejpal Singh a large farmer on the following terms

(i) Tejpal Singh agrees to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months which is a very high interest rate. Savita also has to promise to work on his field as farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day.

(ii) The rate of interest charged by Tejpal Singh was higher than that of banks. If Savita had taken the loan from the bank, interest would have been lower and she could have easily repaid the loan and her condition would have been far better.

Question 12.  Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.

(i) On talking to two old residents Ramlal and Dharam Singh I came to know about the irrigation methods that were traditionally in use in our area. They told me that earlier they were dependent on rainfall and later on they started to use the Persian wheel to draw water from the wells. With development of technology, tube wells were used for more better and effective irrigation.

(ii) In the farming methods, traditionally they ploughed the field with ploughs drawn by bullocks which was a very difficult and time consuming process. They used ordinary seeds and cow dung manure for fertilisation.

(iii) However with changes in technology the farmers started using HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides and modern machinery like tractors and threshers which has led to an increase in yield per hectare and improved the lives of the farmers.

Question 13.  What are the non farm activities taking place in your region (or Palampur)? Make a short list.

(i) Dairy is a common activity in many families of our region.

(ii) Some people are involved in small scale manufacturing in their homes or in the field like production of jaggery by Mishrilal.

(iii) A few people are involved as shopkeepers and traders who buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the villages.

(iv) Some people near the bus stand have opened shops selling eatables.

(v) Some people are in the transportation sector ferrying people and carrying goods from one place to another in different types of vehicles.

(vi) People like Kareem opened a computer class centre and also provided employment to two women who had a diploma in computer application.

Question 14. What can be done so that non-farm production activities can be started in villages.

(i) Banks should provide loans at low interest rates so that the poor villagers can start some business to help them earn a living.

(ii) Government should be more active and start and effective employment generating schemes.

(iii) Government should provide training to the villagers in different small crafts.

(iv) Government should proVide facilities for transportation and selling of locally manufactured goods of the villagers in the cities.

(v) Industries can be set up in rural areas.

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Test: The Story of Village Palampur- Assertion-Reason & Case Based Questions - Class 9 MCQ

15 questions mcq test - test: the story of village palampur- assertion-reason & case based questions, directions: in the questions given below, there are two statements marked as assertion (a) and reason (r). read the statements and choose the correct option. assertion (a): the aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want. reason (r): there are four requirements for production of goods and services..

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is correct but R is wrong.

A is wrong but R is correct.

The aim of production is to produce goods and services to satisfy the needs of people as per their demand.

Four factors for production of goods and services are as follows :

Land and other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals etc.

Labour or Workers The workers provide necessary labour for production. They may be highly educated or illiterate persons (i.e. skilled and unskilled) who may do manual work.

Physical Capital It consists of various inputs which are required at different stages of production.

Directions: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. Reason (R): Green revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.

The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.

Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300 kg per hectare. With HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3200 kg per hectare.

Directions: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Reason (R): Money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.

Production requires a variety of raw materials. It requires money to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. They are used up in a single act of production.

Directions: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital.

Reason (R): They are put to great distress to repay the loan.

- i) Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village money lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.

ii) The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.

iii) In contrast to small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital.

Assertion (A): 75 percent of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood.

Reason (R): Farming is the main production activity in Palampur.

Farming activities: Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. About 75% of the people depend upon farming for their livelihood. They use methods of multiple farming and modern farming techniques for increase in their productivity. Well-developed irrigational facilities and use of HYV seeds has improved in production levels of agriculture in Palampur.

Read the text given below and answer the following questions:

Apart from farming activities in Palampur, certain non- farming activities are also carried out. Only 25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture. Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village. Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

People involved in trade (exchange of goods) are not many in Palampur. The traders of Palampur are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. There are a variety of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj. Rickshaw Wallahs, tongawallah, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport services. They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

Q. Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a:

• A. Small scale
• B. Large scale
• C. Medium scale
• D. None of the above

Q. .............. is a common activity in many families of Palampur.

• A. Manufacturing
• B. Transport
• D. All of the above.

Q. ............... percent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture.

Shop-keepers buy goods from wholesalers in Shahpur and sell them in Palampur. Milk from the dairies in Palampur is transported daily to Raiganj. Some traders from Shahpur have set up collection centres and chilling plants at Raiganj, from where milk is supplied to other towns and cities.

Q. There are variety of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to:

• C. Both (a) and (b)

(i) Rickshaw Wallahs, tongawallah, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock-cart and bogey are people in the transport services.

(ii) They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it.

(iii) The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is 3 kms from Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest small town of Shahpur. This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs (dalits) comprise one third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses some of which are of mud and straw. Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small business. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. The story of Palampur, an imaginary village, will take us through the different types of production activities in the village. In villages across India, farming is the main production activity. The other production activities, referred to as non- farm activities include small manufacturing, transport, shop-keeping, etc. Every production is organised by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital, which are known as factors of production.

Q. Which of the following statement is true with respect to Palampur:

• A. Palampur has one primary school and two high schools.
• B. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school.
• C. Dairy is the main production activity.
• D. The village has about 600 families belonging to several different castes.

Q. The variety of inputs required at every stage during production is known as_________.

• A. Physical capital
• C. Human capital

Q. Raiganj, a big village, is __________ kms from Palampur.

Q. Raw materials and money in hand are called:

• A. Working capital
• B. Fixed capital

Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. 75 percent of the people who are working are dependent on farming for their livelihood. All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left idle. During the rainy season (kharif) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation of potatoes between October and December. In the winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. The main reason why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to the well-developed system of irrigation.

To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. One way of increasing production from the same land is by multiple cropping. The other way is to use modern farming methods for higher yield. Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season. Till the mid1960s, the seeds used in cultivation were traditional ones with relatively low yields. Traditional seeds needed less irrigation. Farmers used cow-dung and other natural manure as fertilizers. All these were readily available with the farmers who did not have to buy them.

The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming method in India. In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1,300 kg per hectare. With HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3,200 kg per hectare. There was a large increase in the production of wheat. Farmers now had greater amounts of surplus wheat to sell in the markets.

Q. The Green revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of:

• A. Wheat and rice
• B. Wheat and jowar
• C. Rice and bajra
• D. Rice and jowar

Q. Which of the following statements is true with respect to traditional farming?

• A. Traditional seeds needed less irrigation.
• B. Farmers used cow-dung
• C. Farmers used other natural manure as fertilizers.
• D. All of the above

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Important Questions for The Story of Village Palampur- Assertion-Reason & Case Based Questions

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9th Class Social Science The Story of Village Palampur Question Bank

Done case based (mcqs) - the story of village palampur total questions - 20.

A) Fixed capital done clear

B) Working capital done clear

C) Natural resource done clear

D) Human capital done clear

question_answer 2) For a sugarcane farmer the sugarcane seeds sown in the agricultural field is

C) Human capital done clear

D) All of the above done clear

question_answer 3) If a farmer wants to cultivate his field, then which kind of factors of production he may need?

A) Working capital done clear

B) Natural resources done clear

C) Fixed capital done clear

question_answer 4) If a manufacturer wants to establish his factory at a place what he would need to do so?

A) Labour done clear

B) Money and raw material done clear

C) Land done clear

A) People have much area for agricultural activities. done clear

B) People have become well-off due to farming activities. done clear

C) Farming has become a passion for people. done clear

D) Other non-farm activities have not much developed. done clear

question_answer 6) Which of the following is an example of non-farm production activities?

A) Transportation done clear

B) Weaving done clear

C) Handicrafts done clear

question_answer 7) How dairy is dependent on farming in Palampur?

A) Dairy is a farming activity. done clear

B) Dairy is done by farmers. done clear

C) Buffaloes are fed on agricultural produce. done clear

D) Dairy gives more money to farmers. done clear

question_answer 8) Which of the following steps can be taken in order to increase manufacturing sector in Palampur?

A) Provide incentive to people who are engaged in manufacturing. done clear

B) Establish factories in Palampur. done clear

C) Provide skill training to people of Palampur. done clear

A) land, labour done clear

B) inputs, knowledge done clear

C) goods, services done clear

D) goods, physical capital done clear

question_answer 11) An economic activity is always based on:

A) People/Labour done clear

B) Money done clear

D) All of these done clear

question_answer 12) Which of the following is not a physical capital that is required in agricultural practices?

A) Farm equipment done clear

B) Seeds done clear

C) Turbines done clear

D) Tractors done clear

A) To pay high rate of interest. done clear

B) Their savings are less. done clear

C) Farm inputs are high priced. done clear

D) To maintain good relations with moneylenders. done clear

question_answer 14) What could be the other source of credit for small farmers in a village?

A) Banks done clear

B) Cooperatives done clear

C) Self-help groups done clear

question_answer 15) Why medium and large farmers can arrange their capital whenever needed?

A) Their income from farming is high. done clear

B) They do not pay high interest rates. done clear

C) They can do savings. done clear

D) Both (a) and (c) done clear

question_answer 16) What role do medium and large farmers play in the market place?

A) They provide jobs to people. done clear

B) They donate to the market places. done clear

C) They sell their surplus crops in the market done clear

D) None of these done clear

A) farming on small piece of land. done clear

B) developed farms in urban areas. done clear

C) farms using only machines, no labour. done clear

D) use of HYV seeds, machines and fertilisers. done clear

question_answer 18) Green Revolution is associated with which of the following?

A) High productivity done clear

B) Reduction in soil fertility done clear

C) Environmental degradation done clear

question_answer 19) Which freshwater resource has been depleted due to over irrigation practice?

A) Rainwater done clear

B) Canals done clear

C) Groundwater done clear

D) Lakes done clear

question_answer 20) Being a farmers what measure would you use to conserve environmental resources?

A) Built rainwater harvesting system in order to minimise the load on groundwater resources. done clear

B) Less use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides to reduces land degradation. done clear

C) Use organic manure in order to increase soil fertility. done clear

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Case Based (MCQs) - The Story of Village Palampur

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CBSE Class 9 MCQs of Economics Chapter 1 - The Story of Village Palampur

The story of village palampur: in chapter 1 of class 9 ncert economics, "the story of village palampur," students are introduced to the village of palampur and its economic aspects. the chapter discusses the factors of production, such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, and their role in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. it also highlights the importance of multiple crops and the use of modern farming techniques in increasing agricultural productivity. get ready to test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of this chapter .

15 MCQs on Ch 1: The Story of Village Palampur

1. What is the main economic activity in Palampur?

a) Agriculture

b) Manufacturing

d) Services

2. Which of the following is a multiple-cropping practice in Palampur?

a) Growing only wheat

b) Growing wheat and rice together

c) Growing only rice

d) Growing only vegetables

3. What is the main source of irrigation in Palampur?

b) Tube wells

c) Rainwater

4. Which sector provides the largest employment in Palampur?

c) Services

d) Education

5. What percentage of the population in Palampur is engaged in non-farm activities?

Also Read - CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for Geography Class 9 NCERT Contemporary India from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

6. What is the main reason for the dependence on moneylenders in Palampur?

a) Lack of education

b) High interest rates

c) Lack of access to banks

d) Lack of job opportunities

7. What is the main source of income for landless laborers in Palampur?

b) Dairy farming

d) Daily wages

8. Which of the following is a modern farming practice adopted in Palampur?

a) Traditional ploughing

b) Manual sowing

c) Use of chemical fertilizers

d) Non-irrigated farming

9. How are wages paid to farm laborers in Palampur?

c) In the form of goods

d) In barter system

10. Which organization provides the necessary credit for farming in Palampur?

b) Moneylenders

c) Government cooperatives

Also Read - CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for Class 9 NCERT Democratic Politics from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

11. What is the main aim of the government's employment generation programs in Palampur?

a) To provide subsidies to farmers

b) To create job opportunities in the village

c) To promote urban migration

d) To increase the GDP of the village

12. What type of farming is practiced in Palampur?

a) Subsistence farming

b) Commercial farming

c) Horticulture farming

d) Aquaculture farming

13. Which government scheme provides employment opportunities for rural people in Palampur?

a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

b) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

c) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

d) Digital India campaign

14. What is the main drawback of the farming methods used in Palampur?

a) High dependency on rainfall

b) Lack of access to modern technology

c) Lack of availability of seeds

d) Lack of awareness about agricultural practices

15. Which organization provides technical assistance to the farmers in Palampur?

a) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

b) Food Corporation of India (FCI)

c) Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS)

d) World Health Organization (WHO)

1. a) Agriculture

2. b) Growing wheat and rice together

3. b) Tube wells

4. a) Agriculture

6. b) High interest rates

7. d) Daily wages

8. c) Use of chemical fertilizers

9. a) In cash

10. c) Government cooperatives

11. b) To create job opportunities in the village

12. b) Commercial farming

13. a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

14. b) Lack of access to modern technology

15. c) Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS)

Also read: What is Democracy? Why Democracy? CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 1 Notes, Download PDF 

Also read: Maps of Countries mentioned in Ch-1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?  

Also read:  CBSE Chapterwise MCQs for History Class 9 NCERT from the Revised Syllabus (2023 - 2024)

Also read:  Comprehensive MCQs of NCERT Class 9 History, Political Science, Geography, and Economics: Chapterwise and Subjectwise Revised Syllabus Download PDF 2023 - 2024

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Extra Questions for Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Economics

The story of village palampur important questions class 9 social science economics.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.  What is the disadvantage in using chemical fertilizers in modern farming methods?

The chemicals kill bacteria and microbes, which are essential for soil fertility. 

Question 2.  What was the major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture?

The major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture is growing more crops on the same piece of land. 

Question 3.  What does ‘yield’ mean?

Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

Question 4. What are the different types of production activities in the village?

There are two types of production activities in the village-

• farming and,
• non-farm activities. The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport and shop-keeping.

Question 5.  Name the Indian states who were first to try out the modern farming methods in India.

Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were first to try out modern farming methods in India.

Question 6.  How did Green Revolution benefit the Indian farmer?

The Green Revolution in late 1960’s introduced the Indian farmer to high yielding variety of seeds to produce much greater amount of grain on a single plant.

Question 7. Define factors of production.

The various inputs required to produce goods and services are called as factors of production. There are mainly four factors of production: land, labour,’ physical capital and human capital.

Question 8.  Which state of India has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India?

Punjab has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India.

Question 9.  What is the main economic activity in village Palampur?

The main economic activity in village Palampur is agriculture.

Question 10.  Name the non-farm activities of Palampur?

Dairy farming, small scale manufacturing, trade, shop keeping and providing transport services.

Question 11. What is human capital?

The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.

Question 12.  During which season do farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra?

During rainy season (kharif) farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra.

Question 13.  In 2003, the area cultivated by small farmers in India was how much percentage of the total cultivated area?

The area cultivated by small farmers in India was 36 per cent of the total cultivated area. 

Question 14. Define multiple cropping.

To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

Question 15.  What are the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur?

Some of the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur include manufacturing, transport, shop keeping and computer education.

Question 16. What is surplus?

The produce left over after self-consumption is called as surplus. This surplus is brought Over to the market for sale.

Question 17.  Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is what type of activity?

Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is the first step in manufacture of jaggery from raw sugarcane. Thus, it is a manufacturing activity.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.  How is dairy farming practiced in Palampur?

Many families sell the milk of their buffalos, in nearby village Raiganj. Traders of Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

Question 2.  State the various ways of growing more crop from the same land by the people of Palampur.

To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year: (i)  Modern farming methods like HYV seeds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc. were used. (ii)  Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced to the farmers, the cultivation of wheat and rice by using high yielding variety seeds.

Question 3.  What kind of manufacturing units are set up in Palampur?

Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and is done on a small scale. It is carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour. 

Question 4.  How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

• Electricity enabled the use of tubewells which improved the system of irrigation, leading to more yield, more income and further investment.
• Shops, sugarcane machines, small-scale industries and computer centers were introduced by the farmers to get supplement income.

Question 5. Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital.

The physical capital which can be used in production over many years is called as fixed capital. For example: tools, machines and buildings. On the other hand, the physical capital which gets completely used up during the production process is called as working capital. For example: raw materials and money in hand.

Question 6.  Describe the condition of landless farmer like Dala, of Palampur village. 

Dala is a landless farm laborer who works on daily wages in Palampur. This means he must regularly look for work. The minimum wages for a farm laborer set by the government is 115 per day, but Dala gets only 80. There is heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in Palampur. So, people agree to work for lower wages.

Question 7.  Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre may be any of the following:

• As very few educated people were there in the village, there was not any demand for computer courses.
• The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and so nobody thought that such a business could be successful.
• Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier. 

Question 8. What is the main constraint on land?

In villages, farming is the main production activity. Most of the people are dependent on fanning for their livelihood. The well being of these people is closely related to production in the farms. The farm production depends upon the land area under cultivation. But there is one constraint on it.

Land area under cultivation is practically fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land. There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

Question 9.  Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. In India, the rainfall is unevenly distributed in the country and if rainfall is less, then production will be low, and they will be only able to grow one crop in a season.

Question 10.  Which crop out of sugarcane, bajra or wheat are kharif crops?

Bajra is a rapid growing warm weather crop suitable for areas with 40 to 75 cm of annual rainfall. Thus, it is suitable for the kharif season, which is between July and October. Wheat is not suitable for warm weather and sugarcane requires a full year to grow. 

Question 11.  Which farmers out of landless farmers, small farmers or medium and large farmers, hire labour to work in the fields?

Landless farmers are hired as laborers are hired. Small farmers do not need additional labour, as they work with their family members in the fields. Only the medium and large farmers have extensive work, which makes them hire additional labour. 

Question 12.  How do chemical fertilizers affect the soil?

Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But these may not be retained in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes. 

Question 13.  List the changes in Palampur due to the advent of electric power in the village.

The advent of electric power in Palampur has brought about the following changes:

• Irrigation is now done through electric run tube wells, which has reduced the dependence of the farmers upon rainfall and enables larger areas of land to be irrigated.
• Irrigation improvement allowed farmers to grow three different crops in a year.
• It enabled Mishrilal to set up a sugarcane crushing machine so that he can sell jaggery manufactured by him to the traders at Shahpur.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Briefly explain the four factors of production.

Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital which are known as factors of production.

These factors are explained below:

• Land: If is the first requirement for production of goods and services. The land required for farm activities is practically fixed.
• Labour: The second requirement is labour i.e. people who will do the work. Some activities require highly educated workers like banking and some require workers, for manual work, for example, carpenter.
• Physical capital: Physical capital es the variety of inputs required at every stage dur¬ing production. For example: tools, building, raw materials etc. Physical capital is of two types: fixed capital and working capital.
• Human capital: The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital for producing an output either for self-consumption or to sell in the market is called, as human cap.

Question 2.  What are the different ways of increasing production? Give examples.

The different ways of increasing production are:

(i) Multiple cropping:  Under this method, more than one crop is raised on the same piece of land during a year. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. It is possible if a well-developed system of irrigation exists. Generally, a crop like potato is cultivated between two seasonal crops like rice and wheat.

(ii) Modern farming methods:  Under modern farming methods, high yielding variety of seeds and chemicals are used.

• High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are used in place of the traditional seeds to increase the production.
• Chemical fertilizers are used instead of cow-dung and natural manure.
• Insecticides, pesticides, herbicides and irrigation through tubewells are sed in modern farming methods.
• Machines like tractors, harvesters and threshers are used to make the farmer’s job easier and faster. 

Question 3. What is the condition of non-farm sector in villages? How can these activities be increased?

The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport shop-keeping etc. At present, the non-farm sector in the village is not very large. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in, India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. Though there is a Variety of non-farm activities in the village, the number of people employed in each is quite small.

Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. The capital required can be mobilised either from one’s own savings or by taking a loan. It is important that loan be available at low rate of interest so that even people without savings can start some non-farm activities.

Another thing which is essential for non-farm activities is to have market where the goods and services can be sold. As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities production in the village would increase in the coming years.

Question 4.  What are the merits and demerits of the Green Revolution?

Merits of the Green Revolution:  Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in India.

• Higher yield due to the use of HYV seeds.
• Machines like harvesters, tractors and threshers have made ploughing and harvesting faster and easier.
• Higher yield enabled farmers to sell the surplus food in the market and earn more.
• Pesticides and insecticides are able to protect the crops from pests and insects.
• A good irrigation system is able to enhance crop production.

Demerits of the Green Revolution 

• Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground.
• The chemical fertilizers, easily soluble in water, can dissolve in the groundwater and pollute it.
• They can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms helpful for the soil.
• Excessive use of fertilizers can also make the soil alkaline and unfit for cultivation. 

Question 5. Write a short note on green revolution.

The green revolution started in India in the late 1960’s It introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds (HYV). These seeds give much greater amounts of grain on a Single plant as compared to traditional seeds.

As a result the same piece of land would now produce for larger quantities of foodgrains ‘than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

Higher yields were possible only from a combination. of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Some of them also bought farm machineries like tractors and threshers. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

But green revolution did not come without negative effects. Scientific reports indicated that modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. In many areas there was loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the wafer table below the ground. This is a huge loss. Therefore, one must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.

Question 6.  What are the main factors for production of goods and services?

• The first requirement is land and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals, etc.
• The second requirement is labor, i.e., the people who will do the work. Some activities require educated workers to perform the necessary task and other activities require workers who can do manual work.
• The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and working capital.
• Fourth requirement-knowledge and entrepreneur.

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Extra Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur extra questions and answers available here in PDF format. Solving class 9 extra questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers

Very short answer questions.

1. Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is what type of activity? Answer:  Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is the first step in manufacture of jaggery from raw sugarcane. Thus, it is a manufacturing activity. 

2. What is the main economic activity in village Palampur? Answer:  The main economic activity in village Palampur is agriculture.

3. What are the factors of production? Answer:  Land, labour, physical capital and human capital are the factors of production. 

4. What was the major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture? Answer:  The major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture is growing more crops on the same piece of land. 

5. What are the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur? Answer:  Some of the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur include manufacturing, transport, shop keeping and computer education.

6. Who runs the Primary Health Centre in Palampur? Answer:  The Primary Health Centre in Palampur is run by the government. 

7. What is multiple cropping? Answer:  Multiple cropping means that we grow more than one crop on the same piece of land in a year.

8. Why is loss of soil fertility occurring as an effect of the Green Revolution? Answer:  During the Green Revolution, due to the extra crops produced which utilized the soil nutrients fully, no nutrients were left for the next crop.

9. What is the disadvantage in using chemical fertilizers in modern farming methods? Answer:  The chemicals kill bacteria and microbes, which are essential for soil fertility. 

10. What is the standard unit for measurement of agricultural land? Answer:  Hectare is the standard unit for measurement of agricultural land. Bigha and Guintha are local units used in different parts of India. 

11. Is it correct that more than half the farmers of Palampur cultivate small plots of landless than 10 hectares in size? Answer:  This is incorrect, because more than half the farmers of Palampur are small farmers. The plots of these farmers are less than 2 hectares, not less than 10 hectares. 

12. What is the major reason for people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas? Answer:  They migrate in search of better employment opportunities. 

13. Which crop out of rice, sugarcane or wheat is a Kharif crop? Answer:  Rice is a Kharif crop.

14. Is it true that food grains output in India has increased significantly in the last few years because larger areas of land have been brought under cultivation? Answer:  This is not true, because the food grains output has increased due to use of modern methods of agriculture. 

15. In 2003, the area cultivated by small farmers in India was how much percentage of the total cultivated area? Answer:  The area cultivated by small farmers in India was 36 per cent of the total cultivated area. 

16. Is it true that running a collection cum milk chilling centre in Raiganj is a trading activity? Answer:  Yes, since the milk chilling centre is buying the milk from the villagers and selling it to the dairy in the towns/cities. Thus, it is a trading activity. 

17. Which items out of a tractor, clay, HYV seeds or a truck will be considered as fixed capital for non-farm activities? Answer:  Only a truck is not used in non-farming activity and it is a fixed capital to be used again and again for transportation of goods. 

18. Which organizations in India have been developing High Yielding Varieties of seeds? Answer:  Development of High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds is a research activity, which can only be carried out in research laboratories. 

19. Can we consider rainfall as a source of irrigation? Answer:  No, because irrigation implies provision of water to crops artificially, whereas rainfall is natural. 

20. Name the Indian states who were first to try out the modern farming methods in India.  Answer:  Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were first to try out modern farming methods in India.

21. What term is used for measuring the crop produced on given piece of land during a single year? Answer:  Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season. 

22. During which season do farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra? Answer:  During rainy season (kharif) farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra.

23. In which season is wheat grown in Palampur village? Answer:  During rabi season (winter) wheat is grown in Palampur village. 

24. What are ‘Bigha’ and ‘Guintha’? Answer:  Bigha and Guintha are the measuring units of land area in villages. 

25. What do you understand by the term “Marginal farmers”? Answer:  Marginal farmers are those who do not have sufficient land for farming.

26. Which is the most labor absorbing sector of the economy? Answer:  Agriculture is the most labor absorbing sector of the economy. 

27. Which state of India has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India? Answer:  Punjab has highest consumption of chemical fertilizer in India.        

28. What percentage of total land area is cultivated by medium and large farmers in India? Answer:  64 per cent total land area is cultivated by medium and large farmers in India. 

29. Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for capital in Palampur?  Answer:  Most of the small farmers borrow money from village moneylenders in Palampur. 

30. What does ‘yield’ mean? Answer:  Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

31. How did Green Revolution benefit the Indian farmer? Answer:  The Green Revolution in late 1960’s introduced the Indian farmer to high yielding variety of seeds to produce much greater amount of grain on a single plant.

32. How were higher yields of wheat and rice possible? Answer:  Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc.

33. How do farm laborers get wages in Palampur? Answer:  Wages can be in cash or kind (crop). Sometimes laborers get meals also. Wages vary widely from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another.

34. How small farmers manage the capital needed for farming? Answer:  Small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital.

35. How do medium and large farmers manage capital? Answer:  The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

36. What is the basic difference between two factors of production-land and capital? Answer:  Land is a natural resource whereas money is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed.  

37. Name the non-farm activities of Palampur? Answer:  Dairy farming, small scale manufacturing, trade, shop keeping and providing transport services.

38. Which means of transport are used by people of Palampur?  Answer:  There are rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeeps, tractors, trucks, bullock carts and bogeys to transport goods and people to nearby village and towns of Palampur.      

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Which crop out of sugarcane, bajra or wheat are kharif crops?

Answer:   Bajra is a rapid growing warm weather crop suitable for areas with 40 to 75 cm of annual rainfall. Thus, it is suitable for the kharif season, which is between July and October. Wheat is not suitable for warm weather and sugarcane requires a full year to grow. 

2. Identify which out of land, seeds, machinery and building is in the category of working capital.

Answer:  Seeds, once used, cannot be used again and so they fall in the category of working capital. Land, machinery and building are fixed capital, as they can be used again and again. 

3. What are the constituents of modern farming methods?

Answer:   The constituents of modern farming methods are use of high yielding variety of seeds, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as using plenty of water for irrigation.

4. When large and medium farmers sell their surplus produce in the market, what are the purposes to which they use this income?

Answer:  A part of the earnings is saved and kept as capital for the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings. Some farmers also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks or use it in other non-agricultural activities. 

5. Which farmers out of landless farmers, small farmers or medium and large farmers, hire labour to work in the fields?

Answer:  Landless farmers are hired as laborers are hired. Small farmers do not need additional labour, as they work with their family members in the fields. Only the medium and large farmers have extensive work, which makes them hire additional labour. 

6. How is land resource affected by modem farming methods? Answer:  Land being a natural resource, it is necessary to be very careful in its use. Scientific reports indicate that the modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. 

7. How do chemical fertilizers affect the soil?

Answer:  Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But these may not be retained in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes. 

8. Who are the farm laborers working for medium and large farmers?

Answer:  Farm laborers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Unlike farmers, farm laborers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land, they are paid wages by the farmer.

9. From where small farmers borrow money?

Answer:  Small farmers either borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high which makes it difficult for them to repay.

10. What do large and medium farmers do with their surplus farm products?

Answer:  Large and medium farmers sell the surplus farm products. A part of the earnings is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Some farmers might also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks or to set up shops.

11. How is dairy farming practiced in Palampur?

Answer:  Many families sell the milk of their buffalos, in nearby village Raiganj. Traders of Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

12. What kind of manufacturing units are set up in Palampur?

Answer:  Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and is done on a small scale. It is carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour. 

13. What kinds of shops are set up in Palampur?

Answer:   There are small general stores selling items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soaps, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pens, pencils and even some clothes. There are shops for eatables too. 

14. Name the main and other activities of the village of Palampur.

Answer:   Farming is the main activity in Palampur. Other activities are small -scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc. They also have small shops selling a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soaps, etc.

15. What all facilities are available in the village?

Answer:  Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity is used to run tubewells in fields and for many other purposes. Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. It also has a well-developed system of roads and transport facilities.

16. In what way is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal?

Answer:  Both have fixed capital in the form of machines, but Kareem has a larger fixed capital because he has asset in the form of computers which are more expensive than the sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labor. 

17. Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

Answer:  Reasons why someone didn’t start a computer centre may be any of the following: (i)  As very few educated people were there in the village, there was not any demand for computer courses.                                   (ii)  The villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses and so nobody thought that such a business could be successful. (iii)  Teaching faculty for computer courses was not available in the village earlier. 

18. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer:   Yes, it is true that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. For example:  HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers needed for increasing the yield per hectare are all manufactured in industries.

19. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Answer:   Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. In India, the rainfall is unevenly distributed in the country and if rainfall is less, then production will be low, and they will be only able to grow one crop in a season.

20. State the various ways of growing more crop from the same land by the people of Palampur. Answer:  To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year: (i)  Modern farming methods like HYV seeds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc. were used. (ii)  Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced to the farmers, the cultivation of wheat and rice by using high yielding variety seeds.

21. What is the ‘multiple cropping’ system?

Answer:  Multiple cropping is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. When more than one crop in grown on a piece of land, during the year, it is known as multiple cropping system. All the farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops and grow potatoes as their third crop.

22. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer: (i)  Electricity enabled the use of tubewells which improved the system of irrigation, leading to more yield, more income and further investment. (ii)  Shops, sugarcane machines, small-scale industries and computer centers were introduced by the farmers to get supplement income.

23. Describe the condition of landless farmer like Dala, of Palampur village. 

Answer:   Dala is a landless farm laborer who works on daily wages in Palampur. This means he must regularly look for work. The minimum wages for a farm laborer set by the government is 115 per day, but Dala gets only 80. There is heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in Palampur. So, people agree to work for lower wages.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. List the changes in Palampur due to the advent of electric power in the village.

Answer:  The advent of electric power in Palampur has brought about the following changes: (i)  Irrigation is now done through electric run tube wells, which has reduced the dependence of the farmers upon rainfall and enables larger areas of land to be irrigated. (ii)  Irrigation improvement allowed farmers to grow three different crops in a year. (iii)  It enabled Mishrilal to set up a sugarcane crushing machine so that he can sell jaggery manufactured by him to the traders at Shahpur. 

2. The farm laborers in Palampur usually earn less than the minimum wage. Why?

Answer:  The use of modem agricultural implements like tractors, threshers and harvesters by the large and medium farmers has reduced the amount of agricultural labour required. So, there is competition for work among the agricultural laborers in the village. Knowing that the supply is much more than the demand, the laborers themselves agree to work for wages that are lower than minimum wages. The farmers exploit this condition of excess labour supply and force laborers to work for low wages. 

3. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?

Answer:  Multiple Cropping:  To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. Modern Farming Method The farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh use HYV seeds, tube wells for irrigation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as machinery like tractors and threshers to increase the production. All these measures comprise what are known as modern farming methods.

4. Why are farm laborers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

Answer:   (i)  Dala and Ramkali are landless farm laborers who work on daily wages in Palampur. (ii)  The minimum wages for farm laborer set by the government is 115 per day, they get only 80. (iii)  There is heavy competition for work among the farm laborers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. (iv)  They remain out of work for most parts of the year and have to take loans from the moneylender to fulfill their needs. Due to this seasonal unemployment, they remain poor and are unable to repay the loan and fall into a debt trap. 

5. Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across in India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination?

Answer:  Mostly people migrate in search of employment or better job opportunities to the cities like Mumbai, Delhi, etc or to the prosperous agricultural regions like Punjab and Haryana to work as farm laborers. (i)  This migration usually takes place when a person is unemployed or in extreme poverty, which may be due to lack of land, displacement, negative impact of natural  disasters like drought or floods, etc. (ii)  The migrants from Gosaipur and Majauli who went to cities will probably find work as casual laborers, industrial workers, street hawkers, rickshaw pullers, headload workers or as servants in homes and hotels, etc. (iii)  Those who went to rural areas of Punjab and Haryana will probably work as farm laborers since agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people in these states.

6. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer:  (i)  Most of the houses in Palampur have electric connections.   (ii)  Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields that help to irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively as compared to the traditional Persian wheel drawn by bullocks. Since the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares had come under irrigation farmers did not have to depend on rainfall and could grow multiple crops.   (iii)  It helps small businesses run their machinery like Mishrilal’s sugarcane crushing machine.

7. In your region, talk to two laborers Choose either farm laborers or laborers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

Answer:   (i)  In our region, there are two labourers namely Ram Khilawan and Basanti, who are husband and wife working as casual constructing labourers. Due to drought, they had to leave their village in search of employment. They get approximately 50 to 60 rupees per day which they are paid in cash.   (ii)  They do not get work regularly because there are a large number of workers seeking employment, due to which they agree to work for low wages. Because of irregular work and low wages they are unable to fulfill their needs and are in debt.  

8. What are the main factors for production of goods and services?

Answer: (i)  The first requirement is land and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals, etc. (ii)  The second requirement is labor, i.e., the people who will do the work. Some activities require educated workers to perform the necessary task and other activities require workers who can do manual work. (iii)  The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and working capital. (iv)  Fourth requirement-knowledge and entrepreneur. 

9. State the main reasons why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur.

Answer:  The main reasons are: (i)  A well-developed system of irrigation. (ii)  Electricity came early to Palampur. It was perceived to help in transforming the system of irrigation as the earlier Persian wheels, till then, were used to draw water from wells to irrigate small fields. (iii)  People noticed that electric-run tubewells could irrigate much large areas of land more effectively.

10. What do you understand by the term ‘Green Revolution’?

Answer:  The ‘Green Revolution’ was introduced in India, in the late 1960s. Indian farmers used it for the production of major food crops like wheat and rice. They made use of the High Yielding Variety seeds, which produced much greater yield than the traditional seeds. However, they needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

11. What are the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers?

Answer:  Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But they may escape from the soil and pollute the groundwater, rivers and lakes. Chemical fertilizers can also kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil. It means sometimes, after their use, the soil will be less fertile than ever before. So, continuous use of chemical fertilizers has led to the degradation of the soil’s health.

12. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation and why?

Answer:  More area under irrigation would lead to more yield or production to fulfill the needs of the population. More yield would fetch more income to the farmers. It would provide more employment opportunities for them. Their supplement income can provide them more capital for further investment in non-farm activities also.

13. Why are the wages for farm laborers in Palampur less than the minimum wages?

Answer: (i)  Employment is less and farmers are more and therefore, farmers have to be content with what they were earning. (ii)  Land is owned by landlords who desire to earn more and more profits by giving minimum wages. (iii)  The farmers are illiterate and unaware of the minimum amount set by the government.

14. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land or small holding.

Answer:  The farmer with a small land of 1 hectare needs less capital to prepare his land. He uses traditional seeds, animals to plough, less labor, no machines, less chemical fertilizers or manure. He does irrigation manually and is helped by his family members to do the work of harvesting. The production from hectare of his land is consumed by his family.

15. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a lower rate of interest?

Answer:  Tejpal Singh, a large farmer gave Savita a loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months, which is a high rate of interest. Savita also promised to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at ` 35 per day, which is a low wage rate. Yes, Savita’s condition would have been different, if she could get a loan from the bank, since it would be given at lower interest rate, and without any condition.

16. What can be done by the government to start more non-farm activities in the  villages to improve the farmers’ conditions?

Answer: (i)  The government should provide capital to the villagers for starting new business like shops, dairy farming, transport, etc. (ii)  Banks should be set up in the villages to provide loans to the farmers at low interest rates. (iii)  People should be made literate so that they are qualified to start a new business like computer training courses in computer centers.

17. Differentiate between physical and human capital.

Answer:   (i)  Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stage during production whereas labor, which works on the physical capital, is called human capital. (ii)  Tools and machines, buildings etc. can be used in production over many years whereas human capital can produce the output only if they have experience to do a particular work. (iii)  Tools, machines, generators etc. are the examples of physical capital and human capital can belong to any profession like a farmer, a farm laborer, a factory worker etc.

18. Explain the types of activities necessary for production. Answer: (i)  Farming is the main activity for the production and sale of crops. (ii)  Non-farm activities include small-scale manufacturing, transport, shopkeeping, dairy farms etc. These activities help in other productions needed in a village. (iii)  There are people who do cattle-rearing to provide milk and getting surplus income for their families.

19. What means of transportation are used in the village of Palampur?

Answer:   Many kinds of transport are used by the people of village of Palampur. They use bullock carts, tongas, rickshaws, bogeys and goods. They are also used for loading jaggery and other commodities to their neighboring farms like Raiganj. Motor vehicles like motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks etc. are used to transport people with their surplus crops to sell it to their neighboring villages.

20. What kind of people live in the village Palampur?

Answer:   This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering. The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller homes, some of which are of mud and straw.

21. What are the ill-effects of Green Revolution?

Answer:  In many areas. Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. Also, continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground. Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater are built up over many years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.

22. How surplus farm products are sold by the farmers? 

Answer:   Let us assume that farmers have produced wheat on their land. They retain a part of the wheat for the family consumption and sell the surplus wheat. Small farmers like Savita have little surplus wheat because their total production is small and from this a substantial share is kept for their own family needs. The medium and large farmers supply wheat to the market which the traders buy and sell it further to shopkeepers in the towns and cities. 

23. Define Physical Capital, Fixed Capital, Working Capital and Human Capital with examples.

Answer: (i) Physical capital:  Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. It includes fixed capital and working capital.

(ii) Fixed capital:  Tools and machines range from a plough to a tractor and sophisticated machines like generators, turbines, computers, etc. The tools, machines, buildings which can be used in production over many years are called fixed capital.

(iii) Working capital:  Production requires a variety of raw materials. It requires money to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike tools and machines, these are used up in production. For example:  Yarn required by a weaver; clay used by a potter.

(iv) Human capital:  One needs knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output; either to use it by oneself or to sell in the market. This is known as human capital, which enables better production with human skill and knowledge.

24. What are the merits and demerits of the Green Revolution?

Answer:   Merits of the Green Revolution:  Green Revolution introduced a number of modern farming methods in India. (i)  Higher yield due to the use of HYV seeds. (ii)  Machines like harvesters, tractors and threshers have made ploughing and harvesting faster and easier. (iii)  Higher yield enabled farmers to sell the surplus food in the market and earn more. (iv)  Pesticides and insecticides are able to protect the crops from pests and insects. (v)  A good irrigation system is able to enhance crop production.

Demerits of the Green Revolution  (i)  Loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. (ii)  Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground. (iii)  The chemical fertilizers, easily soluble in water, can dissolve in the groundwater and pollute it. (iv)  They can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms helpful for the soil. (v)  Excessive use of fertilizers can also make the soil alkaline and unfit for cultivation. 

25. What are the different ways of increasing production? Give examples.

Answer:  The different ways of increasing production are:

(a) Multiple cropping:  Under this method, more than one crop is raised on the same piece of land during a year. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. It is possible if a well-developed system of irrigation exists. Generally, a crop like potato is cultivated between two seasonal crops like rice and wheat.

(b) Modern farming methods:  Under modern farming methods, high yielding variety of seeds and chemicals are used. (i)  High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are used in place of the traditional seeds to increase the production. (ii)  Chemical fertilizers are used instead of cow-dung and natural manure. (iii)  Insecticides, pesticides, herbicides and irrigation through tubewells are sed in modern farming methods. (iv)  Machines like tractors, harvesters and threshers are used to make the farmer’s job easier and faster. 

26. How do medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from small farmers?

Answer:  (i)  Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high and these farmers are in great stress to repay loans.

(ii)  In contrast to the small farmers, medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They use this saving to arrange for next year’s capital and make high profits by selling surplus production and earning higher amounts. Sometimes, they deposit their savings in a bank or lend their money to small farmers or save their savings or buy cattle, truck or to set up shops. 27. Which non-farm activities are practised in Palampur? Write a short note.

Answer:  The non-farm activities of Palampur are: (a) Dairy farming: (i)  People feed their buffaloes with various kinds of grass, jowar, bajra that grows during the rainy season. (ii)  The milk is sold in nearby villages. (iii)  Some people have set up collection centers and chilling centers from where milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

(b) Small-scale manufacturing: (i)  Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. (ii)  They are carried out mostly at home. (iii)  This is mostly done with the help of family labor. Labor is rarely hired.

(c) Shopkeeping: (i)  Shopkeepers buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the village. (ii)  Small general stores in the village sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, oil, biscuits, soap, batteries, candles, toothpaste, pens, pencils, notebooks, and even some clothes. (iii)  Some families whose houses are closer to the bus stand has used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables here.

(d) Transport: (i)  Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock carts and bogeys are the people in transport services. (ii)  They carry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it. (iii)  The number of people in transport services has risen over the last several years. (iv) Self-employed:  Some people have opened coaching institutes for various kinds of arts like computer training centers or stitching classes, etc. to obtain profit from a non-farm activity and train more and more people for better opportunities in their life. 

28. How is multiple cropping practiced in Palampur?

Answer:  All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left vacant. During the rainy season (kharif) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter season (rabi) fields are sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough wheat for family’s consumption and sell the surplus wheat at the market at Raiganj. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur.

29. What kind of labour is found in Palampur? 

Answer:   Farm laborers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Unlike farmers, farm laborers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land. Instead they are paid wages by the farmer for whom they work. Sometimes laborers get meals also. Wages vary widely from region to region, from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another. There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment. A farm laborer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year. 

• The Story of Village Palampur

The purpose of this story is to introduce the basic concepts related to production and this is done through a hypothetical village called Palampur. Firstly, we will start with an introduction to the village and will cover the main details and various data about the village. Then, we will explain different production concepts using the examples from the villages and then how farming is done in this village.

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The Palampur village has around 450 families which belong to different caste and creeds. The main activity of Palampur is farming and 80 families of the upper caste own the majority of land in Palampur. There are other activities in the Palampur like dairy, transport, small-scale manufacturing, etc which also helps run the economy in the Palampur.

The neighboring towns of the village are well connected and all-weather roads are also well connected. There are options for transportation which are available like tongas, bogeys, jeeps, bullock carts, tractors, etc.

Many of the houses in the village are well equipped with electricity. Electricity is also responsible for the tube wells in the fields. Many small businesses also use electricity for their daily purposes. For education, Palampur has two primary schools and 1 high school. Besides this, there is also a primary health care center which is run by the government and also 1 private dispensary.

Production Stages

As it is mentioned above, the main purpose that we have to discuss in this chapter is the various concepts that the village uses for production. For the production of services and goods of any type, there are four factors that are used in the production. They are land, capital, labor, and enterprise. Out of these four factors, the first and the most important factor is land .

Land includes other natural resources like forests, minerals, and water. These natural resources are the most important factor in production. Second is the requirement of labor . There are many production and manufacturing activities which require highly educated workers while other activities require manual labor.

The third is the requirement of physical capital . This includes the inputs that are required at every step of production. The inputs are machines, tools, buildings, which can be used for the production for many years and are also called fixed capital. While money in hand and materials are called working capital. The fourth and final requirement is the enterprise .

To put all the land, labor, and physical capital together one needs to have knowledge and enterprise. Then only finally you will get output. These days this final factor is also called as human capital. Thus, for the production, each and every factor above is very important.

Farming in the Village

Farming is the most important activity in Palampur. Almost 75 percent of the working population is involved in farming activities. The story of village Palampur is incomplete without the farming activities. One important to notice in the village is that for a long time there has been an increase in the land area which is under cultivation.

Many wastelands were converted to cultivable land but there exists no further scope to increase this land under cultivation. Thus, as a measure, the people in the village have started cultivating more crops on the same land. All the cultivable is used throughout the year.

No land is idle in Palampur. During winter or Rabi season, people grow wheat and sugarcane. While during Kharif season people grow bajra and jowar. Between the months of October and December, people cultivate potatoes. The main reasons as to why farmers are able to grow multiple crops throughout the year are:

• Due to the availability of electricity in the village, the irrigation system has been vastly improved.
• The lands on which irrigation is been done has improved efficiency.
• Due to multiple cropping, farmers are able to grow more than one crop per year.
• Now, all the farmers in the village grow at least two crops using the same land every year.
• Initially, tube wells were introduced by the government, but now people have been setting up their own tube wells.
• Modern farming methods have contributed to a larger yield of crops.
• This higher yield is possible only due to a combination of irrigation, HYY seeds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc.

Green Revolution and Sustainable Use of Land

In 1960, a record production of food items was witnessed. This marked a turning point in the agriculture which then led to a green revolution in India. The green revolution is the increase in the production of food crops especially the wheat crop in India. This revolution led to an enormous increase in the production of food grains in the country.

The revolution is called green because due to it there was a tremendous increase in greenery in the entire country. This period from 1960 to 1980 is also known as the golden era due to the record production in food grain. Due to this revolution, our country became salt sufficient and even started having buffer stocks of food items which can be used during the times of natural calamities like floods and droughts.

The land is a natural resource and thus is very necessary to use it carefully. Due to modern methods, it has been overused. With continuous of the groundwater from the tube well, the level of water-table in the ground has been reduced. Due to the green revolution, the fertility in the soil has been reduced as the use of the chemical fertilizers has been increased. The natural resources like soil fertility and groundwater take years to form. Thus, once they are destroyed it is very tough to restore them.

Solved Question for You

Q. Opportunity cost is also known as _____.

• Transfer earning
• Future earning
• Present earning
• None of these

Solution: The correct option is A. Transfer earning require a minimum payment to keep the factor of its production in its present use. It is an opportunity cost of an individual forgoes when deciding to work in one job rather than the next best alternative.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics

Ncert solutions for class 9 chapter-1 the story of village palampur.

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Jul 15, 2022, 16:45 IST

NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics for chapter 1 

Free download of NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics for chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur prepared by Academic team of Physics Wallah. All Questions given in chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur are solved with the information mentioned in NCERT text book of chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur. Download Physics Wallah  NCERT solutions to score good marks in your class 9. All questions are solved in NCERT Solutions for class 9 Maths and NCERT Solutions for class 9 Science prepared by experts of Physics Wallah.

Find Below free pdf for download for NCERT Solutions for class 9 chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

Related link.

• Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur
• Chapter-2 People as Resource
• Chapter-3 Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter-4 Food Security in India

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