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Suomen Kansan Vanhoja Runoja ynnä myös Nykyisempiä Lauluja 4, Zacharias Topelius

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  • Literature Resources

A collection of textual or spoken works that share a common subject matter. Though the term traditionally refers to a humanities context and includes belles-lettres, prose, verse, fiction, or nonfiction with a recognized artistic value, the concept is appropriately applied to the social sciences realm as well. In general, literature is considered to be something worthy of and important to record and preserve as a cultural marker. Literature. (2009). In The SAGE glossary of the social and behavioral sciences . Retrieved from http://proxy.devry.edu/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com.proxy.devry.edu%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fsagegsbs%2Fliterature%2F0

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Literary Research in Harvard Libraries

  • Get Organized
  • Find Background
  • Where to Search
  • Search Vocabulary
  • Obscure/Recent Topics
  • Literary Journalism Search (under construction!)
  • Find Primary or Archival Material
  • Literary Theory
  • Foreign Language Literatures
  • Distant Reading, Close Reading

KEY DATABASES

  • The MLA International Bibliography - use this database for every project: it's a subject-specific index to worldwide scholarship on literature and media studies back to 1926. Also includes linguistics and folklore. Strongest for Europe, the Americas, and Anglophone scholarship.
  • Literature Online - use this database when you need background (reference) information, searchable literary works, or scholarship on British literature .
  • The Johns Hopkins Guide to Theory and Criticism - use this encyclopedia when you need to understand literary theories and schools of criticism.

SEARCH WORDS

Search terms that can help you improve your results in HOLLIS , Academic Search Premier , and other multidisciplinary resources:

  • Literature, “criticism and interpretation,” rhetoric
  • genre terms (novel, fiction, poetry, drama)
  • geographic terms (United States, American)
  • time period terms (19th, "to 1500")
  • Terms for region or language (Italian, Asian)

See Search Vocabulary for more details

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

Each page of this guide recommends my favorite tools and strategies:

  • Get Organized - access, organize, and cite
  • Find Background - from simple encyclopedia entries to detailed guides and histories
  • Basics - understand what you're looking for
  • Where to Search - specialized search engines and techniques for using them
  • Search Vocabulary - the specialized language search engines use for literary topics
  • Obscure/Recent Topics - tips for when standard research methods won't find the material you need
  • Find Primary or Archival Material - when you need newspaper articles, first editions, manuscripts...
  • Literary Theory - deceptively tricky to search for!
  • Foreign Language Literatures - if you're working with languages other than English
  • Distant Reading, Close Reading - computational tools (e.g. chart word usage over time), the OED, rhetorical figures

Literature: A Guide for Graduate Students supplements this guide with:

  • Get Started - a to-do list for new graduate students
  • Find a Database - how to locate the best search engines for your field or project
  • Research Dos & Don'ts - tips to help you be productive and efficient

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Literary Research in Harvard Libraries was originally written by Sue Gilroy and Laura Farwell Blake, and remains deeply indebted to their work.

FURTHER GUIDANCE

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Odile Harter

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Except where otherwise noted, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which allows anyone to share and adapt our material as long as proper attribution is given. For details and exceptions, see the Harvard Library Copyright Policy ©2021 Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College.

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Literature Reviews

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Why conduct a literature review, stages of a literature review, lit reviews: an overview (video), check out these books.

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  • 1. Define your research question
  • 2. Plan your search
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  • 4. Organize your results
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  • 6. Write the review
  • Thompson Writing Studio This link opens in a new window
  • Need to write a systematic review? This link opens in a new window

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Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject.

Purpose: It serves to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge within a particular field.

Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates found in academic literature.

Identifying Gaps: Aims to pinpoint areas where there is a lack of research or unresolved questions, highlighting opportunities for further investigation.

Contextualization: Enables researchers to understand how their work fits into the broader academic conversation and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.

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tl;dr  A literature review critically examines and synthesizes existing scholarly research and publications on a specific topic to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge in the field.

What is a literature review NOT?

❌ An annotated bibliography

❌ Original research

❌ A summary

❌ Something to be conducted at the end of your research

❌ An opinion piece

❌ A chronological compilation of studies

The reason for conducting a literature review is to:

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Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students

While this 9-minute video from NCSU is geared toward graduate students, it is useful for anyone conducting a literature review.

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Writing the literature review: A practical guide

Available 3rd floor of Perkins

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Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences

Available online!

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So, you have to write a literature review: A guided workbook for engineers

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Telling a research story: Writing a literature review

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The literature review: Six steps to success

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Systematic approaches to a successful literature review

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Programming with Library of Congress Digital Collections : Literature

  • Introduction
  • Military Experience
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Primary Sources for Literature

Literature takes the form of poetry, prose, drama, memoirs, etc. In academic context, literature often refers to the published research of a field. For example in history, there is a body of literature related to Abraham Lincoln or in medicine there is a body of literature related to cancer.

The Library of Congress has a wide variety of primary sources related to the field of literature. The plays of Zora Neale Hurston, writings of Walt Whitman, Native American Poets, and children's books are all represented across the collections. 

Highlighted Collection Title Goes Here

The Rare Books Selections collection contains some of what the Library of Congress considers the most interesting and important items in the Rare Books and Special Collections Division . Items in the digitized collection include the Gutenberg Bible, medieval manuscripts, cooking books, children's literature, medicine, and many other topics. The selections span multiple countries and languages with the oldest item being a digitized manuscript,  Exposicio Mistica Super Exod[um] ,  in Latin, published around 1150 in Germany. The collection covers over a 1000 years of printed literature and documents changes in writing and publishing styles. From early, handwritten and hand illustrated manuscripts to the printing press.

Collection Highlights

title page of Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Benjamin Bunny with an illustration of a rabbit in a suit smoking a pipe

The Tale of Benjamin Bunny

Title page of The Tale of Benjamin Bunny by Beatrix Potter. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1904. The Library of Congress received two copies on September 30, 1904 and registered a copyright entry for the title on July 27, 1904. 

page from book

The Book of the Cat: With Facsimiles of Drawings in Colour

Page from the book,  The Book of the Cat: With Facsimiles of Drawings in Colour   with illustrations by Elisabeth F. Bonsall and stories and verses by Mabel Humphreys. Published by Frederick A. Stokes and Company Publishers in October 1903. The Library of Congress received two copies on November 2, 1903 and copyright was registered on October 22, 1903.

page from 1862 edition of A Visit from Saint Nicholas

A Visit From Saint Nicholas

Page from  A Visit From Saint Nicholas   by Clement Clarke Moore and illustrated by Felix O. C. Darley. Nathaniel Orr was the engraver for the text. An engraver carved out templates from wood or metal that could be soaked in ink and pressed on paper as part of the printing process. This edition of  A Visit From Saint Nicholas  was published by the firm James G. Gregory in 1862.

page from a hand written and illustrated edition of Songs of Innocence and of Experience by William Blake

Songs of Innocence and of Experience, Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul

The poem " The Tyger," by William Blake. It is in Songs of Innocence and of Experience, Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul , which was published and written by William Blake in 1794. Blake hand colored the illustrations. 

Programming Ideas

DIY Printing or Create Your Own Title Page

Comparing Almanacks/Almanacs

  • Chronicling America

Engraved Printing plate of Walt Whitman's portrait

Discuss the history of printing and/or have a hand's on do-it-yourself printing exercise. For the early part of the program use materials from the  Rare Books Selections  to talk about the early methods of printing such as Illuminated Manuscripts, Wood Block Printing, Engraving Printing, the Gutenberg Press, etc.. Discussion can also cover how the Gutenberg Press and further modern printing techniques made reading materials more accessible and affordable. 

For a DIY program use rubber stamps to mimic the effect of wood block or engraving printing. You can then use an ink and roller, or other impressionable surface to "roll print" on paper. An alternative would be to combine rubber stamps and stencils to handwrite or illustrate a title page for your book. For example: "Walt's Book" by Walt Whitman and then add a design to it. 

image: "Walt Whitman - original steel engraving 1860 leaves of grass."  1860. Photograph of Printing Plate. The Library of Congress.

Cover page of Poor Richard's Almanack from 1758

For this program outline what an Almanack (almanac) is and how it is typically used. Utilizing one of the Almanacks in the Rare Books Selections  collection look at the type of data that is included and see if you can find any documentation online to compare that actual data on that date. As an alternative, compare an almanack in the Rare Books  Selections to a copy of The Old Farmer's Almanac published in the last twenty years. What information in the almanacks is similar, what is different? 

Weather fun: Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Online tool , compare weather data in The Old Farmer's Almanac to the actual weather data for a specific time period. Have participants determine if the almanac accurately predicted the weather.  The same exercise could be conducted to compare sunrise and sunset data.

image:  Poor Richard: An Almanack, for the Year of Christ,   (1758), Benjamin Franklin.

newspaper page of list of titles bought by the The Barre Washington public library in 1919

There are several options for programs related to literature and Chronicling America.

  • For example, a collection of Beatrix Potter tales was $.60 in 1922, a modern collection is $12.00. If you adjust for inflation, the 1922 copy would cost $10.29 today.
  • look for book reviews of famous titles
  • look for mentions of author appearances or talks
  • many libraries used to publish their new titles in the paper, see if you can find your local public library or one from your community

images: 

1. "The following books have been added to the shelves of the Washington public library in 1919," published in The Barre Daily Times , September 6, 1919 on page six.

2. "Some Beautiful News Examples of Illustrated Children's Books," published in The New York Herald , October 15, 1922 on page 38.

Related Collections

  • Living Nations, Living Words
  • Walt Whitman
  • Children's Book Selections

Map of North America showing Indian Tribes around 1890

Living Nations, Living Words  is the signature project of Poet Laureate Joy Harjo. It contains audio recording of 47 contemporary Native American poets reading and providing commentary on an original poem. The aim of the project is to show through poetry that Native people have strong roots in the United States. 

Programming ideas for the collection include the following:

  • reading the poem, then listening to the poet read the poem and discussing the participants reactions to the two different versions.
  • listening to the poem and discussing the meaning of the poem as a group, then listening to the poet's commentary on the poem and discussing if there is a change in how the group perceives the meaning of the poem or the intent/emotions behind it.
  • listening to the poem and discussing what components make a poem, then have the group try to write their own poem. 
  • utilizing the poem and commentary as a way to discuss Native American history

image: "Map of North America showing Indian Tribes." c. 1890   Discovery and Exploration Digital Collection , the Library of Congress. 

Rights and Access:   The Library of Congress asks that when utilizing this collection approach the materials in it with respect for the culture and sensibilities of the people whose lives, ideas, and creativity are documented here. Users are also reminded that privacy and publicity rights may pertain to certain uses of this material.

  The Library of Congress has obtained permissions to use the items in the Living Nations, Living Words  digital collection for educational and research purposes. The copyright remains with the creator and it is up to the user to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain use permission when necessary. 

Type written copy of Walt Whitman's poem O Captain, My Captain with handwritten corrections

The Library of Congress has two digital collections containing the papers of Walt Whitman. The  Walt Whitman Papers in the Charles E. Feinberg Collection  and  Walt Whitman Papers (Miscellaneous Manuscript Collection) . Both collections contain letters, manuscripts, articles, essays, poems and other memorabilia. Programs from the collection could include analyzing diaries entries against poems or looking up articles about Whitman in Chronicling America . 

image: "Walt Whitman Papers: Literary file; Poetry; O Captain! My Captain! printed copy with corrections, 1888 "   by Walt Whitman, in the  Walt Whitman Papers (Miscellaneous Manuscript Collection ) .

The Children's Book Selections collection contain materials published in the United States and England prior to 1924 and are in the public domain. These books includes classics and less well-known children's literature. Programs could include comparing illustrations in children's books from different eras, and different editions of titles such as  The Wizard of Oz, Beatrix Potter,  and Mother Goose.

Little Red Riding Hood book cover

Red Riding Hood (1863)  by Lydia L.A. Very and published by L. Prang & Co. of Boston, Ma.

Statement on Potentially Harmful Content and Fair Use

Statement on Potentially Harmful Content Some of the materials presented in this guide may reflect outdated, biased, offensive, and possibly violent views and opinions. In addition, some of the materials may relate to violent or graphic events and are preserved by the Library of Congress and presented here for their historical significance. 

Digitized primary sources in the Library's collection each include a "Rights and Access" or "Rights Advisory" statement within the catalog information.  These can help users determine whether the item is in the public domain or whether there are copyright restrictions.  For more information about the Library of Congress' policy on Copyrights and Primary Sources visit the website .

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English 2100: Writing About Literature: Form and Genre

Scholarly sources, online book & media collections, background information, daniel boone regional library.

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One of the first steps in research is to find out where the scholarly conversation is going on. These databases are entry points to these discussions. They overlap to some extent, but each has unique content as well. Specialized subject databases are designed to facilitate searching in that discipline, using special search features and subject-specific terminology.

As you search, besides gathering interesting materials, keep an eye on authors' names, where they're publishing, any special terminology in the descriptor or subject heading fields. Look at the citations in articles to see what sorts of sources experienced scholars use and how they build on earlier research. As you do your research, a sort of map of the discussion around your topic will begin to emerge.

NOTE: Online databases became more common in the 1990s. They don't always cover the 19th century or earlier 20th century well. NOTE: Minority voices have often been excluded from common discourse. We've been acquiring specialized databases that try to fill this gap. Be aware of the missing voices in your research. NOTE: Subject tagging and titles often reflect broad topics--authors, novels, themes. They may not mention specific poems, songs, or short stories. Full-text searching will help locate discussion on more specific items, but not everything is available for full-text searching.

Discover@MU is our main search tool on our home page. It searches the inventory of all the UM System libraries--print materials, video, sound recordings, ebooks, online journals--as well as MOST (but NOT all) of our databases. It uses the most basic search options common to all these resources. Starting with a more specific database will offer more specialized search options.

NOTE: The MLA International Bibliography is included in Discover@MU, but the other major literary database, Literature Online, is NOT.

  • Google Books Google Books searches the full text of books digitized by Google or provided by publishers. You can view and download entire books in the public domain, but view only parts of books still covered by copyright (generally the last 95 years). Still a good way to identify books that have sections on a specific work or topic.
  • Hathi Trust Digital Library Similar to Google Books, but created by libraries worldwide, the Hathi Trust Digital Library preserves print materials in digital form. Unlike Google Books, it uses library subject headings as well as searching within the full text. You cannot view materials still under copyright. Login with your MU credentials to download entire books and build collections.
  • Internet Archive A large digital collection of media of all sorts. Create a free account and login at the top of the screen to use "controlled digital lending", gaining access to copyright protected materials for a limited time.

Our local public library has additional online resources available to anyone with a local library card . These include reference databases such as the Literature Resource Center as well as e-books and streaming music and video (see Download & Stream). It's also a fun place to hang out and an easy walk from campus. If you have a library card from your home public library, check out their online resources too.

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  • Last Updated: Feb 13, 2024 4:29 PM
  • URL: https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/FormGenre

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This multi-authored volume is the first book-length critical examination of the ways in which libraries have been depicted in imaginative writing from the late Middle Ages until the present. After showing how depictions of libraries by Rabelais and Cervantes came to permeate anglophone culture during and after the Renaissance, the book shows in detail how representations of the library in fiction, poetry, and drama changed throughout the ages. After several large-scale survey chapters which begin by examining medieval and Renaissance texts, individual chapters focus on selected works, authors, and topics, from Swift’s ‘Battel of the Books’ and the Romantic-era libraries of Austen, Scott, and their contemporaries through the entrapping bookrooms of George Eliot’s Middlemarch , Margaret Oliphant’s ‘The Library Window’, and M. R. James’s stories to the more modern crime fictions and fantasies where ‘the body in the library’ becomes a familiar trope. Though this book’s central focus is on British and American writing, chapters also examine in detail representations of the library in the work of Borges, Eco, Murakami, and more recent writers in France and Russia. Markedly international in its scope, Libraries in Literature also contains chapters that pay particular attention to issues of gender, the politics of national identity, and the depiction of librarians.

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It is one of the most extensive collections of Black history and literature in the country, and for a long time, it could only be seen in Chicago. But the collection is about to become more accessible than ever thanks to a big grant and the work of some dedicated librarians.

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Search Examples

Music databases, supplemental databases - music, biography databases.

  • Books/Ebooks
  • Reference (Background Information)
  • Videos & 360
  • EBSCO Folder/Google Drive

Use a variety of database and search expressions to locate relevant resources. Most databases provide limiters or filters to refine results. The examples below include keyword and subject searches, along with a variety of search strategies. Keywords can be descriptive terms from your thesis statement.

TOPIC: Music in the Middle Ages...and before

  • music history AND ( antiquity or "early music" )  [in multiple databases]
  • DE "MIDDLE Ages" AND music [limited to scholarly/peer reviewed; in Humanities International and Academic Search Complete]
  • ( middle ages or medieval or 13th century or 14th century ) AND ( music OR art ) AND ( influence or impact or effect or affect )   [limited to scholarly/peer reviewed; in Humanities International and Academic Search Complete]

TOPIC: Social and cultural influences of the medieval period

  • ( medieval or "middle ages" ) AND ( cultur* or socie* )  
  • ( medieval or "middle ages" ) AND ( influenc* and cultur* and (religion or beliefs) ) AND history  

TOPIC: Explore background and articles of a composer in the Middle ages.

  • DE "MIDDLE Ages" and composer (Note: Humanities International uses the subject term "Middle Ages" for medieval period. )
  • Hildegard von Bingen [in Music Library (Alexander Street), for articles and music]
  • Hildegard von Bingen [in Credo Reference, for background information]
  • (ZP "von bingen, hildegard")   [In Humanities International, go to Indexes > Person > von Bingen ]
  • Hildegard von Bingen [in AVON, for videos]
  • Hildegard von Bingen [in WorldCat Identities, to explore the interconnectivity and relationships]

TOPIC: Explore Christian/biblical perspectives or worldview of music and art in the Medieval Period

  • medieval AND ( music or art or iconography ) AND ( Christian or Bibl* )  [in ATLA Religion, Academic Search Complete, Humanities International, Religion & Philosophy Collection; limiters: full text, peer reviewed]
  • western "middle ages" AND ( music or art ) AND TX ( Christian or Bibl* )  [in ATLA Religion, Academic Search Complete, Humanities International, Religion & Philosophy Collection; TX search the full text; limiters: full text, peer reviewed]
  • Oxford Music Online This link opens in a new window The gateway to Grove Music Online . more... less... Full-text articles on composers, performers, conductors, instruments, forms and genres, individual works; allows cross-searching across multiple music reference resources. Sources include Oxford Companion to Music , Oxford Dictionary of Music , Encyclopedia of Popular Music . Note: maximum of 3 simultaneous users More database information from Oxford Grove Music Online User's Manual
  • Music Library This link opens in a new window more... less... This database is a collection of digital resources for the study of music. Includes peer-reviewed articles, music scores, video presentations of various works.

Research your topic using EagleSearch discovery tool or search individual music databases listed below. Use the limiters to get a list of full text and peer reviewed articles.

  • EagleSearch This link opens in a new window more... less... EBSCO's discovery service (EDS) is called EagleSearch at ORU. This interface provides access to the majority of ORU resources through a single entry point. Quick overview of EBSCO's Discovery Service (EDS)
  • Academic Search Complete This link opens in a new window more... less... A scholarly multi-disciplinary full-text database with book reviews, images, and some books with full-text. Areas covered include biology, chemistry, mathematics, multicultural studies, sciences, psychology, religion and theology, women's studies and more. More database information from EBSCO. Basic Searching Tutorial on EBSCOhost. Advanced Searching Tutorial on EBSCOhost.
  • AtlaSerials PLUS® This link opens in a new window Example: DE "Music -- Historiography." Use the Thesaurus to browse and view subjects, or search using keywords. more... less... Full-text journals provided by American Theological Library Association (Atla) in many diverse areas of religion and theology. Coverage from over 30 different countries with content in 16 languages. Content includes sacred texts, world religions, interfaith dialogue, contextual and systematic theology, denominational history, ethics, etc.
  • Google Scholar This link opens in a new window more... less... Citations to journal articles and eBooks will link to full-text if ORU has access to that resource. Instructions on how to set up ORU Library on Google Scholar is found on the Technical Helps LibGuide or in "How to add ORU Library to setting in Google Scholar" pdf.
  • Historical Abstracts with Full Text This link opens in a new window more... less... Covers the history of the world (excluding the United States and Canada) from 1450 to the present and includes scholarship in archaeology, anthropology, sociology, world history, military history, women's history. More database information from EBSCO.
  • Humanities International Complete This link opens in a new window Example: DE "Music history" limited to peer reviewed. To refine the results, add keywords to the search or use the subject limiters in the database. TIP: Click "Thesaurus" in the top blue menu bar. In the Browse text box, key in music history, and then click Browse. Try setting the result display to "Relevance Ranked." more... less... Full-text content covering all aspects of humanities including articles, interviews, book reviews, reviews of ballets, dance programs, motion pictures, musicals, operas, plays, etc. More database information from EBSCO.

Internet Archives  [website]

  • SAGE Premier This link opens in a new window more... less... Over 1,000 peer-reviewed journals covering a broad scope of disciplines. Offering scholarly and professional research in partnership with over 400 key societies.

To find biographies of musicians or influential persons , search general and subject database with the person's name and other keywords like biography , history , influence , etc. Try a subject or index search for the person's name.

  • AVON: Academic Videos Online This link opens in a new window more... less... A comprehensive collection of academic videos curated across many disciplines such as business, theater, counseling, health, history, music and many more. Our subscription allows for limited public screenings (as long as no admission is charged and is viewed on ORU campus), includes permission for classroom showings and ability to embed into D2L . Content includes documentaries, interviews, feature films, news programs, demonstrations, raw footage, etc. More information and tutorials from ProQuest . Link to Volume IV and to Volume V, The Symptom Media Collection of the Counseling and Therapy in Video series. Link to more than 215 Nursing Channels .
  • Bloom's Literature This link opens in a new window more... less... Bloom's Literature provides biographical information on authors, most studied works of literature, a Character index, featured videos, a Shakespeare Center, strategies for writing essays, resources on literary themes, poems, timelines, and well over 5,000 images.
  • WorldCat Identities Example: Beethoven, Ludwig van more... less... Provides a summary page with an overview, timeline(s), influences, associated subjects, and more and for every name in WorldCat (30 million names - persons, organizations and fictitious characters).Visually explore the interconnectivity and relationships between WorldCat Identities.
  • Next: Journals >>
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Critical Writing Program Tourism, Sustainability and Local Impact in Indonesia Spring 2024: Grey Literature

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Grey Literature is not academic/scholarly piece of writing. It includes government documents, foundation reports, white papers, working papers, issue briefs, organizational (versus academic) research, and other kinds of policy reports. It can be challenging to distinguish grey literature from academic sources, and often enough scholars are authors of this grey literature, blurring the lines all the more. An important distinction between grey literature and academic publications are that the latter are peer reviewed by scholars with expertise in the field. 

Searching for Grey Literature: 

  • You may find references to this kind of literature in bibliographies of articles and books (e.g., citation chasing). 
  • You can often find it by means of a Google search, experimenting with different key words and adding genres such as “foundation report," "issue brief," "policy report," "funding report,” “working paper,” “study,” or “white paper.” 
  • The World Bank -- Penn Libraries subscribes to the World Bank e-Library . You can also search the World Bank directly. 
  • Pew Research  Center  is a "a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world"
  • Ford Foundation -- The Ford Foundation's mission is to, "reduce poverty and injustice, strengthen democratic values, promote international cooperation, and advance human achievement."
  • OECD iLibrary -- is OECD's Online Library for Books, Papers and Statistics and the gateway to OECD's analysis and data. 
  • United Nations -- Penn Libraries subscribes to the UN iLibrary . You can also search the UN site directly. 
  • Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS)   is a database that indexes and provides access to government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference reports, publications of international agencies.
  • HeinOnline provides access to legal periodicals, international law, treaties, court reports, historical and contemporary legislation, and more 
  • Policy Commons -- a one-stop community platform for objective, fact-based research from the world's leading policy experts, nonpartisan think tanks, IGOs and NGOs.

[customize by adding or subtracting from this list to include sources relative to your Critical Writing topic]

Some social science databases will index this material and it may appear in government or organizational websites or through other means rather than formal publication. The creators of these documents may be teams or individuals, and the authors are not always listed.

Unlike academic articles, grey literature doesn't necessarily go through a vetting or peer review process. As such, when using this material, you will want to have an understanding of the organizational body sponsoring the work. Who funds them? What is their mission? Are they a lobbying or political group? What kinds of information do they publish?  Do other organizations cite them?  Who and for what reasons? Google Scholar is a great way to find out who is citing a particular publication. 

  • << Previous: Academic Sources
  • Next: Substantive News Sources >>
  • Last Updated: Feb 15, 2024 12:21 PM
  • URL: https://guides.library.upenn.edu/tourismsustainibilityimpactindonesia

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Text from PHerc.Pars. 4 (Institute de France), unseen for 2,000 years. The resulting image was produced by the Vesuvius Challenge Grand Prize winning team of Youssef Nader, Luke Farritor, and Julian Schilliger. Fifteen columns of Greek text (ten of which are shown here) are revealed, and are shown on top of the papyrus sheet they are written on. This is the output of a noninvasive software process using X-ray images to peer inside the rolled scroll. © Vesuvius Challenge

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The Vesuvius Challenge: Resurrecting a Library of Ancient Scrolls

GETTY VILLA

Saturday, March 16, 2024, at 4 pm

The Getty Villa and Online

Tickets available February 23, 2024

Hundreds of papyrus scrolls from the Roman Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum were carbonized by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in CE 79. Since their rediscovery in the 1750s, their fragile condition made it nearly impossible to open and decipher the works of ancient literature they contain without damaging or destroying them – until now. Hear from the team that spearheaded a groundbreaking challenge to develop an artificial intelligence system that makes the ancient carbon ink become clearly visible. Celebrate with the grand prize winners who applied software techniques to virtually unwrap and read these previously unreadable scrolls. On the 50th anniversary of the Getty Villa Museum, which is modeled on the Villa dei Papiri, we invite you to honor these innovators who cracked the code. Check back soon for more details on this program. The Vesuvius Challenge is an international competition intended to advance machine learning and computer vision solutions to the enigma of the Herculaneum Papyri. Learn more and read the announcement about the winners and what they accomplished.

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2024 ALSC Charlemae Rollins President's Program

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2024 Charlemae Hill Rollins President's Program Shining the Light: Illuminating the role of African American Authors and Librarians in Children's Literature Monday, July 1, 2023 | 1:00 - 2:30 pm | Location TBA

Join ALSC for the 2024 Charlemae Hill Rollins President's Program for a program that sheds light on the invaluable contributions of African American authors and librarians in advicating for cultural inclusivity and authenticity in children's literature! Joined by ALSC President Dr. Jonda McNair, special guests will engage in thought-provoking discussions and historical exhibits. This program seeks to highlight these individuals' significant role in shaping the literary landscape for young readers. By exploring their experiences, insights, and achievements, "Shining a Light" will inspire and empower aspiring writers, librarians and educators to continue championing diverse voices and stories in children's literature. 

Panelist information to come soon!

The 2024 ALSC Charlemae Hill Rollins President's Program is organized by Jason Driver and Erica Marks on behalf of ALSC 2023-2024 Board President Dr. Jonda McNair; the annual program is supported by the Charlemae Hill Rollins Endowment Fund.  Learn more about Charlemae Hill Rollins and her commitment to children's librarianship . 

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  4. What is Literature for?

  5. Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students

  6. Where to start with classic literature & tips for beginners 📒 How to start reading classics

COMMENTS

  1. Free eBooks

    Project Gutenberg is a library of over 70,000 free eBooks. Choose among free epub and Kindle eBooks, download them or read them online. You will find the world's great literature here, with focus on older works for which U.S. copyright has expired. Thousands of volunteers digitized and diligently proofread the eBooks, for you to enjoy.

  2. Welcome to Open Library

    Welcome to Open Library Read Free Library Books Online Millions of books available through Controlled Digital Lending Set a Yearly Reading Goal Learn how to set a yearly reading goal and track what you read Keep Track of your Favorite Books Organize your Books using Lists & the Reading Log Try the virtual Library Explorer

  3. Home

    A champion of America's great writers and timeless works, Library of America guides readers in finding and exploring the exceptional writing that reflects the nation's history and culture. From poetry, novels, and memoirs to journalism, crime writing, and science fiction, the more than 300 volumes published by Library of America are widely ...

  4. Volumes Archive

    Volumes Archive - Library of America Standard shipping is free on all orders. Free upgrade to UPS or Priority Mail for orders $40 or more. Sort by Publish Date Author A-Z Author Z-A Walker Percy: The Moviegoer & Other Novels 1961-1971 LOA N°380 32.00 i S. J. Perelman: Crazy Like a Fox (paperback) 11.95 i

  5. Library Literature & Information Science Full Text

    Library Literature & Information Science Full Text includes 241 journals with searchable cited references. The Highest Quality Subject Indexing EBSCO has the premier and most highly regarded scholarly vocabularies curated by subject matter experts, covering all disciplines and major publishers.

  6. Literature Resources

    Logos Library "The LOGOS LIBRARY is a powerful interface with a massive database (currently 707.737.941 words) containing multilingual novels, technical literature and translated texts." Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature This site contains texts of English Literature from the Medieval, Renaissance and restoration periods as well as ...

  7. Literature Online®

    Literature Online is the premier online resource for literary research today. Primary texts, criticism, and reference works are made available in a tailored researc. ... Clarivate™ is home to leading research, education and library solutions, including Web of Science™, ProQuest™, Ex Libris™ and Innovative™. ...

  8. Literature Library

    Literature Library Find a wide selection of publications that support Rockwell Automation, FactoryTalk and Allen‑Bradley products, services and solutions. Search Literature Library Use Literature Library to access the latest brochures and case studies. Find technical documentation to use our products effectively.

  9. Literary Research in Harvard Libraries

    The MLA International Bibliography - use this database for every project: it's a subject-specific index to worldwide scholarship on literature and media studies back to 1926. Also includes linguistics and folklore. Strongest for Europe, the Americas, and Anglophone scholarship. Literature Online - use this database when you need background ...

  10. The Library of the World's Best Literature

    Voltaire The Library of the World's Best Literature In Thirty Volumes Founded by Charles Dudley Warner With 5,550 selections and over 1,000 essays on primary authors and literary genres, this 20,000-page anthology stands as a monument of the best critique and editorial expertise of the early twentieth century.

  11. Library Literature

    Conspectus. Some library literature gives the impression that acquisitions and access are competing strategies (the phrase 'access versus acquisitions' has often been used). The two are actually complementary strategies, employed by libraries to support their overall aim of providing access to published information resources for their users.

  12. Poetry and Literature

    The Library of Congress Poetry and Literature Center administers the endowed Poetry chair and coordinates an annual literary season of public poetry, fiction and drama readings, performances, lectures and symposia, all sponsored since 1951 by the Library's Gertrude Clarke Whittall Poetry and Literature Fund and the Huntington Fund.

  13. Getting started

    What is a literature review? Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject. Purpose: It serves to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge within a particular field. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates found in ...

  14. Literature

    For example in history, there is a body of literature related to Abraham Lincoln or in medicine there is a body of literature related to cancer. The Library of Congress has a wide variety of primary sources related to the field of literature. The plays of Zora Neale Hurston, writings of Walt Whitman, Native American Poets, and children's books ...

  15. Library Guides: English 2100: Writing About Literature: Form and Genre

    Our local public library has additional online resources available to anyone with a local library card. These include reference databases such as the Literature Resource Center as well as e-books and streaming music and video (see Download & Stream). It's also a fun place to hang out and an easy walk from campus.

  16. Great Literature Online Library

    Emily Bronte. Wuthering Heights. Edgar Rice Burroughs. The Land That Time Forgot. The People That Time Forgot. Tarzan of the Apes. Lewis Carroll. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Sylvie and Bruno.

  17. National Library of Medicine

    The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is the world's largest biomedical library and a national resource for health professionals, scientists, and the public. News Spotlight NLM Data Science and Informatics (DSI) Scholars Program

  18. Literature

    Jan. 28, 2024, 4:21 AM ET (The Hindu) Literature a strong medium to unite society: CM literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution.

  19. Libraries in Literature

    Markedly international in its scope, Libraries in Literature also contains chapters that pay particular attention to issues of gender, the politics of national identity, and the depiction of librarians. Keywords: libraries, librarians, gender, Austen, Borges, Rabelais, Cervantes, Swift, Eliot, fiction.

  20. Chicago library to digitize largest set of African American history

    It is one of the most extensive collections of Black history and literature in the country, and for a long time, it could only be seen in Chicago. But the collection is about to become more accessible than ever thanks to a big grant and the work of some dedicated librarians.

  21. Home

    The Library of Arabic Literature thus includes texts from the pre-Islamic era to the cusp of the modern period, and encompasses a wide range of genres, including poetry, poetics, fiction, religion, philosophy, law, science, travel writing, history, and historiography.

  22. Articles

    Use a variety of database and search expressions to locate relevant resources. Most databases provide limiters or filters to refine results. The examples below include keyword and subject searches, along with a variety of search strategies.

  23. Grey Literature

    Grey Literature is not academic/scholarly piece of writing. It includes government documents, foundation reports, white papers, working papers, issue briefs, organizational (versus academic) research, and other kinds of policy reports. ... OECD iLibrary-- is OECD's Online Library for Books, Papers and Statistics and the gateway to OECD's ...

  24. The Vesuvius Challenge: Resurrecting a Library of Ancient Scrolls

    Hundreds of papyrus scrolls from the Roman Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum were carbonized by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in CE 79. Since their rediscovery in the 1750s, their fragile condition made it nearly impossible to open and decipher the works of ancient literature they contain without damaging or destroying them - until now.Hear from the team that spearheaded a ...

  25. Children's Literature Center (Rare Book and ...

    Location: 101 Independence Ave. SE Thomas Jefferson Building, LJ 239 Washington, DC 20540-4740 Telephone: (202) 707-3448 Hours: Monday-Friday, 8:30am to 5:00pm. * Final book request at 4:15pm. Closed Sat/Sun & Federal holidays. Reader Cards are issued in the Madison Building (LM-140) and the Jefferson Bulidng (LJ-139)

  26. Factors influencing the adoption of robotic technologies in academic

    A systematic literature review was applied to address the study's objectives. The 16 most relevant seminal studies published in peer-reviewed journals were selected to conduct the study. Findings displayed that the factors of innovation, advancements in artificial intelligence, library security, and personalized services influenced positively ...

  27. STELS, OOO

    Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for STELS, OOO of Elektrostal, Moscow region. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet.

  28. 2024 ALSC Charlemae Rollins President's Program

    Join ALSC for the 2024 Charlemae Hill Rollins President's Program for a program that sheds light on the invaluable contributions of African American authors and librarians in advicating for cultural inclusivity and authenticity in children's literature! Joined by ALSC President Dr. Jonda McNair, special guests will engage in thought-provoking discussions and historical exhibits.

  29. Elektrostal

    Library of Congress authority ID. n2008021619. 1 reference. stated in. Virtual International Authority File. VIAF ID. 146808073. retrieved. 17 December 2023. NL CR AUT ID. ge945071. subject named as. Elektrostal (Rusko) 1 reference. stated in. Czech National Authority Database. retrieved. 20 December 2018.