the problem was solved change the voice

• English Grammar

Active and passive voice

Level: beginner

Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:

Passive forms are made up of the verb be  with a past participle :

If we want to show the person or thing doing the action, we use by :

She was attacked by a dangerous dog. The money was stolen by her husband.

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Level: intermediate

The passive infinitive is made up of to be with a past participle :

The doors are going to be locked at ten o'clock. You shouldn't have done that. You ought to be punished .

We sometimes use the verb get with a past participle to form the passive:

Be careful with that glass. It might get broken . Peter got hurt in a crash.

We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive verb:

We can use phrasal verbs in the passive: 

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Level: advanced

Some verbs which are very frequently used in the passive are followed by the to -infinitive :

John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting. You are supposed to wear a uniform. The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.

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Quite interesting!!

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Could you please tell me if the following sentence is incorrect?

Air conditioning was suggested by someone.

Hi TeacherNina,

The sentence is correct! It's possible that "by someone" is redundant in the sentence, but it's not incorrect.

LearnEnglish team

Hello, can you solve this question for me? [ Why do I refuse to be interviewed? (Change the voice.) ]

Hello Dhyey,

I suppose you could change the passive infinitive ('to be interviewed') to an active one ('Why do I refuse to interview?'), though that's a little unnatural. More often people would say 'go to an interview', 'do an interview', 'have an interview', 'accept an interview' or something like that.

Best wishes, Kirk LearnEnglish team

Hello dear teachers, is the following sentence correct? "the problem of 21th century is water being heavily polluted." I feel we need one more "is" after water !

Best Regards,

Hello Mohsen.k77,

Yes, you are right. I'd also suggest saying 'the 21st century': 'the problem of the 21st century is (that) water is being heavily polluted'

The word 'that' is optional, but I think it's clearer if you include it.

thanks a million

hi I have a question. should we consider a V3 as a main verb and to be as an auxiliary in passive voice since subject doesn't perform any action, it's just existing in some tense. I built a house - the house was built by me. I was performing an action, was building the house in the past. on the other hand, the house was just existing in some shape or form. in the past it was built and it was green, today the house is blue, tomorrow it will be colored in another shade, and in 5 years it will be constructed and like new. I understand the V3 colored gives the idea of an action to color while blue gives only the description of the house. but the same way V3 stuffed box gives the idea that action happened and someone stuffed that toy and it used as an adjective. can we say that passive voice is just verb to be in some tense and V3 just an object that describes the subject?

Hello aigerimwonderer,

I agree with the idea that the V3 form is the 'main verb' since it carries the meaning in a sense. It of course depends on what exactly you mean by 'main verb', but in general that makes more sense to me than calling the verb 'be' or 'get' the 'main verb'.

I don't agree with calling V3 an object that describes the subject, but I can see how you might want to say that. In the end, this is quite an abstract idea, whereas what we focus on here is helping people learn to use English.

I hope this helps.

All the best, Kirk LearnEnglish team

Hi, Can you tell me what is the difference between "have already been" and "have been already"? I'm confused. Thank you in advance

Hello chivi168,

There's no difference in meaning, but 'already' normally goes in 'mid-position'. When the verb has more than one word (such as 'have been'), this means that goes after the auxiliary verb (in this case 'have'). 

It's not exactly wrong to say 'have been already', but it sounds a bit awkward. If you had a particular sentence in mind, please let us know what the full sentence is.

People think it has been a complex problem.

How to make it in active voice and what is the rule of it

Hello Sonu,

'think' is already a verb in the active voice (with the subject 'people'). The verb 'be' (in 'it has been') is a link verb and so is in a way already active too; it's certainly has no passive form.

So I'm afraid I don't know how to help you. I'd suggest asking your teacher.

Hi! I´m struggling to make this sentences into ACTIVE VOICE. 1) The problem isn’t detected by the doctor. 2) The verification of the test isn’t done by the specialist. if someone can help me, i would be very pleased!

Hello user--25,

This site focuses on explanations of the language and advice. I'm afraid we don't provide answers to questions from elsewhere like this. If we did then we would end up doing our users' tests and homework for them!

The LearnEnglish Team

1) The doctor doesn't detect the problem. 2) The specialist doesn't verify the test.

1) The doctor detects not the problem. 2) The specialist does not the verification of the test.

What will be the passive voice for statements like: "Time and tide wait for none."

Hello Nash_Mish,

You could make a sentence like this: None are waited for by time and tide .

However, it's a horrible sentence. Some sentences simply don't work well in terms of style in passive voice.

The LearnEnglish

Hello teacher,

What’s the active of the following sentence? Example: They are getting married later this year.

Thanks, Khoshal

Hello Khoshal,

I'd say this sentence is already in the active voice. We often use 'get' + an adjective to refer to a change of state, e.g. 'I'm getting sick' means I'm going from healthy to sick. In the same 'I'm getting married' means I'm going from being single to being married. In this case, 'married' is an adjective, not a past participle.

It is grammatically possible to say 'They will be married later this year' (which is a passive), but in most situations that would sound strange.

It's true that we often use 'get' instead of 'be' to make passives in informal speaking, but that's not the case with 'get married'.

Thank you for the explanation!

I have a question about the correct placement of the other sentence parts in passive sentences. Starting from 'Henry had received payments from a weapons manufacturer.' Two possibilities suggest themselves for the passive:

Payments from a weapons manufacturer had been received by Henry.

Payments had been received from a weapons manufacturer by Henry.

Both seem correct, although the first sentence breaks the usual rule of retaining adverbials in the end part of the sentence. To me, the first sounds more natural, as the expression 'from a weapons manufacturer' defines 'payments' like a relative clause (e.g. payments which had originated from a weapons manufacturer'). The second, however, does seem to conform with the structure of passive sentences generally and thus should be the preferred conversion, even though it sounds quite awkward to my ears.

Hello Seb1989,

I agree that the first sentence is much easier to understand. I'm not completely sure, but I'd probably call 'from a weapons manufacturer' a prepositional phrase that modifies 'Payments' (the head of the noun phrase) and therefore sits under it. In other words, I don't think it's an adverbial here. Even if it were, in almost any situation, clearer sentences beat sentences that are ostensibly more grammatical, at least in my book.

If I were writing a text that needed to include one or the other of these sentences, I'd choose the first one unless there were some good reason not to. For example, if what's important is that he received payments (and not that they came from a weapons manufacturer), then the second one might be better. Though really in that case, I'd probably just leave out 'from a weapons manufacturer'.

When exercises that involve transforming actives into passives are created, it's easy to lose sight of the fact that passives are used for very specific reasons. One of the main reasons is for leaving out information. If that's the case, then key elements of the active sentence wouldn't make it into the passive version in real usage.

Hope this helps.

What is the passive voice for "permission is granted" or " mission accomplished".

Hi Nish_Mish,

The first one is already in the passive voice (subject + be + past participle). The second one does not have "be" in it, so it's just a noun phrase (noun + past participle). It can be changed into the passive voice: The mission is accomplished .

The active voice would be something like: I grant you permission and I accomplished the mission .

I hope that helps.

Change the active sentence into passive. “ They play footbal everyday * how about this?

Hi whoferra,

In your sentence, "They" is the subject and "football" is the object. To make the passive, first reverse them. Change "they" into the object form "them", and add "by". Then, change the verb into the passive form: "be" + past participle. -->  Football is played by them every day .

This passive sentence is grammatically correct, but it sounds quite unnatural! I think the active sentence would be much more commonly used.

Hello, I am a bit confused about the passive voice in these two sentences: 1. Lunch was being served. 2. Lunch was served. Since they refer to the past, please could you explain the difference between them? When is it better to use the first than the second? Thanks

The first one is the past continuous. It indicates that the action was already in progress at a particular moment. For example, let's say I arrive at a restaurant at 12:30 pm, but the restaurant had already started serving lunch at 12 pm. I can say "Lunch was being served when I arrived" (i.e. it was already in progress at the moment I arrived).

The second one is the past simple. It indicates the whole action of serving lunch. For example, "Lunch was served, and then the restaurant staff took a break".

Hi Jonathan Thank you so much for the explanation.

Hello everybody! I need help with these two sentences. I found them in a newspaper article: "...the young boy who is said to have loved riding his bike and nature" "She went out to have her nails manicured." Are any of them a Passive Voice? Thank you so much for your answer!

Hello Mhynor,

The first sentence contains a passive construction: ' ...is said to... '

There are a lot of similar phrases to this which are grammatically passive and are used to talk about reputation or expectation: is said to..., is thought to..., is believed to..., is hoped to... etc.

The second sentence does not contain a passive construction but it does have a causative have construction ('...have her nails manicured'), which has some similarities to passive forms, and is even sometimes describes as a pseudo-passive construction.

You can find more information on causatives here:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/course/upper-intermediate/unit-15/session-1

The LearnEnglish Team 

I'd like to clarify this sentence: "I do not remember Jack giving me the ticket." As far as I understand, its passive form should be " I do not remember being given the ticket by Jack." My question is - why do we leave 'I do not remember' as it is?

Hello anastasiia945,

It is possible to create a passive construction such as 'It is not remembered by method...' but it sounds horrible stylistically and is not something we would ever say.

How do I change the voice of sentence given below Why do I refuse to be interviewed?

Hello Butteryliscious,

The sentence already has a passive form - the passive infinitive (to be interviewed). You could manipulate the sentence into 'Why is being interviewed refused by me?' but it seems a pointless thing to do as it is a clumsy construction that I can't imagine ever using.

Hi there, I am struggling with a sentence I think you can help me with. is the sentence - With its glass mosaic edifice, it has been nicknamed” the diamond of the desert.” passive or active, and why so?

Hi milisisak,

"It has been nicknamed" is a passive structure, in the present perfect. The structure is: subject + "has/have" + "been" + past participle. The sense is that the subject "it" (presumably a building?) is not doing the "nicknaming" action, but instead is receiving the action (i.e., other people nicknamed this building "the diamond of the desert"). 

I hope that helps to make sense of it.

Thank you so much!!

Please let me know the passive form of: Ask him to write a letter. (Let him be asked to write a letter./ Let he be asked to write a letter./ Let a letter be asked to write by him.) Give him another chance. (Let another chance be given to him./ Let him be given another chance.) Call him. (Let him be called./ Let he be called.)

Hello jakirislam,

I'm afraid we don't provide answers to questions from elsewhere like this. If we did then we'd end up just doing people's homework or tests for them, which is not our job!

We're happy to explain rules and provide examples, of course, but not just to provide answers.

can i have help in the a passive forme to an active forme the example -societies are being affected in a bad way by diffrent forms of corruption . an i answer in my exam like this: -diffrent forms of corruption are affected societies in a bad way -so my question is: if my answer is true and thnks

Hello Kenzaa,

You had the right idea, but there is a small mistake. I think the best answer there is 'Different forms of corruption are affecting societies in a bad way'. Notice that the verb is in the present continuous, like in the passive sentence.

Voice Change: It has been had by me.

hello. i understand that the passive form of "has the doctor given you your letter of discharge ?" become "have your letter of discharge been given to you ? but i have red these following sentence in a book and i'm lost now: "Have you been given your letter of discharge ?" is it possible to use passive voice like that ? thx

Hello Andres,

Yes, using the passive voice with double object verbs (like 'give') can be a little tricky.

The first thing I'd suggest is clearly distinguishing the direct object and the indirect object. In 'Has the doctor given you your letter of discharge?':

• the subject is 'the doctor'
• the indirect object is 'you'
• the direct object is 'your letter of discharge'.

When a verb has only a direct object, the direct object becomes the subject of the passive verb. For example, 'The doctor treated the patient' becomes 'The patient was treated [by the doctor]'. (The brackets around 'by the doctor' show that this part of the sentence is optional; it can be omitted.)

You can do the same thing when the verb has a direct and indirect object: 'Has your letter of discharge been given to you [by the doctor]?' (Notice it's 'has' and not 'have' because 'your letter of discharge' is singular.)

What you saw in the book, however, is also correct when the indirect object is a person; the indirect object can become the subject of the passive verb: 'Have you been given your letter of discharge [by the doctor]?'

It can seem a bit strange, but it's perfectly natural in English. In fact, I'd say it's more common than the previous passive (where the direct object becomes the subject of the passive verb) with double object verbs.

Does that help make sense of this? Please let us know if you have other questions.

All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team

Hello, I am having trouble understanding how to rewrite active questions into passive. Can you please rewrite this questions and explain me how to do it? 1.Did your teacher make you do your science homework again? 2.Who built the rocket? 3.Have you repaired your telescope? 4.Who showed you round the space exhibition? 5.When are they testing the new space shuttle? 6.Who will give the talk at the Astronomy club? Thank you in advance!

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Active Passive Voice Class 8 Questions and Answers

If anyone searches for Active Passive Voice Class 8 Questions and Answers, this is the exact article from where one can get a clear idea about how to change Active Passive Voice for Class 8.  

Basically, Active Passive Voice is a very important grammatical topic. Active Passive Voice for Class 8 has been arranged with a variety of Questions and Answers.

Active Passive Voice Class 8

When the subject of a sentence does something, it is called the active voice .

Active: I hate home task.

But when something is done to the subject, it is called the passive voice.

Passive: Home task is hated by us.

Rules for Active Passive Voice Class 8

To change active voice to passive voice the following points should be maintained.

(a) Subject of Active voice becomes the Object of Passive Voice.

• I do the work. ( Active )
• The work is done by me . ( Passive )
• Ram does the work. ( Active )
• The work is done by Ram. ( Passive )

(b) Subject Pronoun becomes Object Pronoun. The subject Noun remains unchanged.

(c) object of the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice..

• The teacher punished him. ( Active )
• He was punished by the teacher. ( Passive )
• Ram killed Ravana. ( Active )
• Ravana was killed by Ram. ( Passive )

Object Pronoun becomes Subject Pronoun. Object Noun remains unchanged.

(c) ‘Be’ verb or ‘Have’ Verb placed before the Past participle form of the Main Verb

According to Tense and Form of active voice, the ‘ Be ’ verb ( am/is/are/was/were/shall be/will be ) or ‘ Have ’ Verb ( has/have/had/shall have/will have ) must place before the Past participle form of Main Verb in Passive voice.

(e) Past participle form or the third form of the Verb in the Passive voice.

The main verb of the Active voice is transformed into the Past participle form of the Verb in the Passive voice.

• He writes a letter. ( Active )
• A letter is written by him. ( Passive)

(f) the preposition ‘ by’ is added before the object of the passive voice in most cases.

• She recites a poem. ( Active )
• A poem is recited by her. ( Passive )

People also ask

Active Passive Voice Class 8 Questions Answers.

Various types of Questions and answers of Active passive voice class 8 have been discussed in the following.

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Tense) Questions Answers

A. change the voice of the following sentences..

Q.1.  Geeta writes a letter. ( Active )

Ans:  A letter is written by Geeta. ( Passive )

Q.2.  He tells a true story. ( Active )

Ans:  A true story is told by him. ( Passive )

Q.3.  The cat killed a rat. ( Active )

Ans:  A rat was killed by the cat. ( Passive )

Q.4.  He will make a report. ( Active )

Ans:  A report will be made by him. ( Passive )

Q.5.  He has done the job. ( Active )

Ans:  The job has been done by him. ( Passive )

Q.6.  The boy had painted a picture. ( Active )

Ans:  A picture had been painted by the boy. ( Passive )

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Two objects) Questions Answers

B. t urn the following sentence into passive voice..

Q.1.  She gave me a gift.( Active )

Ans :  I was given a gift by her .( Passive )

Or , A gift was given me by her.( Passive )

Q.2.  They sent a card to me.( Active )

Ans :  I was sent a card by them. ( Passive )

Or , A card was sent to me by them.( Passive )

Q.3.  He teaches us English every day.( Active )

Ans:  We are taught English everyday by him..( Passive )

Or , English is taught to us by him every day.( Passive )

Q.4.  He gave you a good kick.( Active )

Ans :  You were given a good kick by him. ( Passive )

Or , A good key was given to you by him.( Passive )

Q.5.  The boy told me the truth. ( Active )

Ans:  I was told the truth by the boy .  ( Passive )

Or , The truth was told to me by the boy. ( Passive )

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Modals) Questions Answers

C. change the following sentence f rom active to passive ..

Q.1.  He can drive a car.( Active )

Ans:  A car can be driven by him.( Passive )

Q.2.  You should read the text.( Active )

Ans :  The text should be read by you. ( Passive )

Q.3.  He may type the note.( Active )

Ans :  The note may be typed by him.( Passive )

Q.4.  You must do it.( Active )

Ans :  It must be done by you.( Passive )

Q.5.  We’ll speak the truth.( Active )

Ans :  The truth will be spoken by us.( Passive )

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Interrogative) Questions Answers

D. change the following sentence into passive voice..

Q.1.  Do you like the tea?  (Active)

Ans :  Is tea liked by you?  (Passive)

Q.2.  Were you doing the job? (Active)

Ans :  Was the job being done by you? (Passive)

Q.3.  Had you eaten rice? (Active)

Ans :  Had rice been eaten by you? (Passive)

Q.4.  How did she do it? (Active)

Ans :  How was it done by her? (Passive)

Q.5.  Who did it? (Active)

Ans :  By whom was it done? (Passive)

Q.6.  What do you want ?  (Active)

Ans :  What is wanted by you?  (Passive)

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Orders / Let ) Questions Answers

E. change the voice of the following sentences..

Q.1.   Go to school. (Active)

Ans :  You are told to go to school.  (Passive)

Q.2.  Enter by this door. (Active)

Ans :  You are ordered to enter by this door. (Passive)

Q.3.  Do it now. (Active)

Ans :  Let it be done now. (Passive)

Q.4.  Please do it. (Active)

Ans :  You are requested to do it. (Passive)

Q.5.  Let me do it. (Active)

Ans :  Let it be done by me. (Passive)

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (Without Agent / Doer) Questions Answers

F. change the voice of the following sentences.

Q.1.   My purse has been stolen . (Passive)

Ans :   Someone has stolen my purse .(Active)

Q.2.  The thief was arrested.  (Passive)

Ans :  The police arrested the thief. (Active)

Q.3.  I have been invited to the party.  (Passive)

Ans :  My friend has invited me to the party. (Active)

Q.4.  The lion is called the King of Beasts.  (Passive)

Ans :  We call the lion the King of Beast. (Active)

Q.5.  Someone has put out the light. (Active)

Ans :  The light has been put out.  (Passive)

Q.6.  The work has been done.  (Passive)

Ans :  I have done the work. (Active)

Active Passive Voice Class 8 (without ‘by’ ) Questions Answers

G. change the voice of the following sentences..

Q.1.   She knows him .(Active)

Ans :  He is known to her.(Passive)

Q.2.  Their behaviour shocked us. (Active)

Ans :  We were shocked at their behaviour. (Passive)

Q.3.  Tears filled her eyes. (Active)

Ans :  Her eyes were filled with tears. (Passive)

Q.4.  The news pleased me. (Active)

Ans :  I was pleased with the news. (Passive)

Active Passive Voice Class 8 ( Mixed Bag ) Questions Answers

H. change the voice of the following sentences..

Q.1.   The man killed himself.  (Active)

Ans :   The man was killed by himself.  (Passive)

Q.2.  They laughed at me. (Active)

Ans :  I was laughed d at by them. (Passive)

Q.3.  I want to do the work. (Active)

Ans :  I want the work to be done by me. (Passive)

Q.4.  Honey tastes sweet. (Active)

Ans :  Honey is sweet when it is tasted. (Passive)

Active Passive Voice for Class 8 Exercises.

Exercise 1: .

Change the following sentences into passive voice.

(1)  The cow eats grass.

(2)  You are flying the kite.

(3)   You have got a prize.

(4)   He has been reading the book for two hours.

(5)  They blew the bugle.

(6)  The child was drinking milk.

(7)  He had offered me this job before you come here.

(8)  The boys had been playing cricket before the class began.

(9)  I shall tear this paper.

(10)  She will be feeding the baby.

(11)  He will have begun the work soon.

(12)  The boys will have been preparing the lessons before the examination.

Answers Key

(1)  Grass is eaten by the cow.

(2)  The kite is being flown by you.

(3)  A prize has been got by you.

(4)  The book has been being read for 2 hours by him.

(5)  The bugle was blown by them.

(6)  Milk was being drunk by the child.

(7)  I had been offered this job by him before you before came here.

(8)  Cricket had been being played by the boys before the class began.

(9)  This paper will be torn by me.

(10)  The baby will be being fed by her.

(11)  The work will have been begun soon by him.

(12)  The lessons will have been being prepared by the boys before the examination.

Exercise 2 :  

(1)   He gave her a present.

(2)   Father is sending me a costly watch.

(3)   She was handed a chair by him.

(4)   I was offered a job by my friend.

(5)   They will lend me money

(6)  Somebody has put out the light.

(7)   Smoking should be prohibited.

(8)   The police arrested him.

(9)   You must do it.

(10)   I can do the sum.

(11)   You ought to tell me.

(1)  She was given a present by him.

Or,  A present was given to her by him.

(2)  I am being sent a costly watch by father.

Or,  A costly watch was being sent to me by Father.

(3)  He handed her a chair.

(4)  My friend offered me a job.

(5)  I shall be lent money by them.

(6)  The light has been put out.

(7)  The authority should prohibit smoking.

(8)  He was arrested by the police.

(9)  It must be done by you.

(10)  The same can be done by me.

(11)  I ought to be told by you.

Exercise 3 :  

(1)   Does he buy this toy?

(2)   Did the hunter kill the deer?

(3)   is the boy playing football?

(4)   Does she pluck flowers?

(5)   Have you borrowed the money?

(6)   Is he writing a letter ?

(7)   Can you do this ?

(8)   Do you know him ?

(9)  Do you like home task?

(10)  Will you speak to me the truth ?

(1)    Is this toy bought by him?

(2)   Was the deer killed by the hunter?

(3)    Is being football played by the boy?

(4)   Are flowers plucked by her?

(5)    Has been the money borrowed by you

(6)   Is a letter being written by him?

(7)   Can this be done by you ?

(8)   Is he known to you?

(9)   Is home task liked by you?

(10)   Will the truth be spoken to me by you?

Exercise 4 :  

(1)   Who helped you?

(2)   Which book do you want?

(3)   Who lent you this book?

(4)   What will he do ?

(5)   Who did this ?

(6)   Who built the Taj ?

(7)  Who has broken the cup ?

(8)  What did she do ?

(9)  What do you want ?

(10)  How has it been done by her ?

(1)    By whom were you helped?

(2)   Which book is wanted by you ?

(3)   By whom was this book lent you?

Or, By whom were you lent this book?

(4)    What will be done by him?

(5)    By whom was this done?

(6)    By whom was Taj built ?

(7)   By whom has the cup been broken?

(8)   What was done by her?

(9)   What is wanted by you?

(10)   How has she done it?

Exercise 5 :  

(1)  Change the voice.

(2)  Open the door.

(3)  Tell him to stop.

(4)  Your word should be kept.

(5)  Please go there.

(6)  Let this task be done.

(7)  Do your work sincerely.

(8)  Obey the orders of your elders.

(9)  Love it or leave it.

(10)  Let him be told to go.

(1)   Let the voice be changed.

(2)   Let the door be opened.

(3)    You are ordered to tell him to stop.

(4)    Keep your words.

(5)    You are requested to go there.

(6)   Do this task.

(7)    You are advised to do your work sincerely.

(8)   You elders should be obeyed.

(9)   You are told to love it or leave it.

(10)   Tell him to go.

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Active And Passive Voice Exercise For Class 8

by Manjusha · Published September 13, 2021 · Updated February 21, 2022

Sentences are given in the active voice. Change them into the passive voice.

1. I solved the puzzle.

2. She is answering the calls.

3. The dog bit the man.

4. The police caught the thief.

5. The government has banned that movie.

6. They showed us a different way to solve the problem.

7. I am planting some saplings.

8. They have delivered the message.

9. She had won the match.

10. The chief guest will give away the prices.

11. The farmers will pick the fruit when they are ripe.

12. A little girl answered the phone.

1. The puzzle was solved by me.

2. The calls are being answered by her.

3. The man was bitten by the dog.

4. The thief was caught by the police.

5. That movie has been banned by the government.

6. We were shown a different way to solve the problem.

7. Some saplings are being planted by me.

8. The message has been delivered by them.

9. The match had been won by her.

10. The prices will be given away by the chief guest.

11. The fruit will be picked by the farmers when they are ripe.

12. The phone was answered by a little girl.

More Active And Passive Voice Worksheets

• Active and passive voice worksheet for class 7
• Passive voice worksheet
• Passive voice worksheet 3
• Passive voice worksheet 4
• Passive voice worksheet 5
• Passive voice worksheet 6

Tags: active and passive voice exercise active and passive voice worksheet passive voice worksheet for class 8

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transformation-of-sentences-active-passive Solved Question

(verbal ability discussion), transformation of sentences (active/passive), verbal ability, online tests.

Direction: In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive /Active Voice.

• He could have solved the problem.
• The problem could be solved by him.
• The problem could have solved by him.
• The problem could have been solved by him.
• The problem could solve by him.

Correct Option: C

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• Patient Care & Health Information
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• Voice disorders

People develop a voice disorder for many reasons. A voice disorder is a change in how the voice sounds. Health care providers trained in ear, nose and throat illnesses and speech-language pathologists diagnose and treat voice issues.

Treatment depends on what's causing the voice change. Treatment can include voice therapy, drugs, shots or surgery.

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The voice box, also called the larynx, is made of a smooth covering, muscle and soft, moist areas. The voice box sits at the top of the windpipe, also known as the trachea, and the base of the tongue. The vocal cords vibrate to create sound.

Air moving through the voice box causes the vocal cords to vibrate and brings them closer together. The vocal cords also help close the voice box during swallowing to stop you from breathing in food or liquid.

If vocal cords become swollen, or inflamed, develop growths or can't move as they should, they can't work properly. Any of these might cause a voice disorder.

Some common voice disorders include:

• Voice changes related to the brain and nervous system, known as spasmodic dysphonia (spaz-MOD-ki dis-FOE-nee-uh)
• Polyps, nodules or cysts on the vocal cords — growths that aren't cancer
• Precancerous and cancerous growths
• Vocal cord paralysis or weakness
• White patches, also known as leukoplakia (loo-koh-PLAY-key-uh)

Risk factors

Many factors can lead to a voice disorder, such as:

• Alcohol use
• Conditions related to the brain and nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease or a stroke
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Illnesses, such as colds or upper respiratory infections
• Scarring from neck surgery or from trauma to the front of the neck
• Throat cancer
• Throat dehydration
• Thyroid problems
• Voice misuse or overuse

Voice disorders care at Mayo Clinic

• Bruch JM, et al. Hoarseness in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022.
• Vocal fold paralysis. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vocal-fold-paralysis. Accessed Aug. 28, 2022.
• Learn more about your voice. American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/learn-more-about-your-voice/. Accessed Aug. 28, 2022.
• Kost KM, et al. Voice disorders in the elderly. Clinical Geriatric Medicine. 2018; doi:10.1016/j.cger.2018.01.010.
• What causes hoarseness? American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/hoarseness/. Accessed Aug. 28, 2022.
• Ma J, et al. A 532-nm KTP laser for vocal fold polyps: Efficacy and relative factors. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. 2021;  doi:10.1177/0145561320946153.
• Ami T. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic; Sept. 19, 2022.

News from Mayo Clinic

• Science Saturday: Bioengineering vocal cords Feb. 18, 2023, 12:00 p.m. CDT
• Minnesota man takes shot at getting his voice back Aug. 17, 2022, 04:30 p.m. CDT
• Science Saturday: Regenerating damaged vocal cords April 23, 2022, 11:00 a.m. CDT
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Do as directed: (i) Who will solve this problem? (Change the voice) (ii) Preeti said, "Ishita is working". (Change the narration) (iii) He intends to live here. (Rewrite sentence using 'Gerund') (iv) Thinking good thought makes a good man. (Pick out Noun phrase) (v) Her dog always (attack) strangers. (Put the verb in bracket into simple present) (vi) I know this. You are right. (Combine the sentence using Noun clause)

(i) by whom will this problem be solved (ii) preeti said that ishita was working. (iii) he intends living here. (iv) thinking good thoughts. (v) her dog always attacks strangers. (vi) i know that you are right..

You know that we can combine sentences using words like and , or , but , yet and then . But sometimes no such word seems appropriate. In such a case was can use a semicolon (;) or a dash (−) to combine two clauses.

She has no interest in music; I doubt she will become a singer like her mother.

The second clause here gives the speaker’s opinion on the first clause.

Here is a sentence from the text that uses semicolons to combine clauses. Break up the sentence into three simple sentences. Can you then say which has a better rhythm when you read it, the single sentence using semicolons, or the three simple sentences?

For there is not any means by which those who have been born can avoid dying; after reaching old age there is death; of such a nature are living beings.

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English Notes

English notes latest questions, did you solve the problem “change into passive voice”.

Passive Voice: Was  the problem solved by you?

Explanation: Covert into Passive Voice.

Invert the word order to make it a question again.

Am I helping him?

I am helping him.

He is being helped by me.

Invert the word order to make it a question again –

Is he being helped by me?

Course on Active-Passive Voice

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Voice of San Diego

Unveiling the Unseen

VOSD Podcast: Old School Problems

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For a long time, Voice of San Diego has followed the tale of a school in Logan Heights .

The school has changed names and faces in recent years. It’s got an impressive new building. It used to be called Logan Memorial Prep, now called Logan Memorial Educational Campus.

Logan Memorial has served generations of residents. And through that time it has modified its educational offerings and appearance. But, as VOSD Podcast host Jakob McWhinney explains this week, throughout all these changes one thing remained the same: its bad reputation. It’s still one of the most avoided schools in the district .

In 2015, San Diego Unified School District embarked on a $200 million project to remake Logan Memorial. They fulfilled longstanding promises to residents, pitched as a “cradle to career” educational campus equipped with childcare, project-based learning and career prep options.

But inside the shiny new building, a question lingered: Will this be the next Lincoln?

Lincoln High is a school plagued with issues. It was also remade by the district. But over the years, enrollment and performance failed to match the promise and resources put into its appearance.

So, how can Logan avoid becoming “the next Lincoln?” McWhinney this week shared his reporting with co-hosts Scott Lewis and Andrea Lopez-Villafaña — a recent meeting where Logan community members laid their worries on to San Diego Unified board member Richard Barrera, which fueled momentum toward organized protest .

Also On Deck…

The Fletcher scandal continues to sour . The woman who accused former county supervisor Nathan Fletcher of sexual harassment and assault appears to be struggling to keep momentum in her lawsuit. Lewis and Lopez-Villafaña discuss the legal news this week as Grecia Figueroa parted ways with her attorney. On the show, our crew pulls the story apart.

It was Opening Day . Yay baseball. But also: Petco Park — after it was revealed to harbor sus labor practices through its concession stands — has said nothing of its plans to legitimize concession operations and protect workers .

We’ve got a new theme song. I like it a lot. I think it’s an upbeat, classic yet progressive vibe that inspires bonhomie. I hope you like it, too. I know it can take some time to adjust. It’s gonna be OK.

Listen:  Apple  |  Spotify  |  Google  |  PodLink

Nate John is the digital manager at Voice of San Diego. He oversees Voice's website, newsletters, podcasts and product team. You can reach him at [email protected]. More by Nate John

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The Effects of Climate Change

The effects of human-caused global warming are happening now, are irreversible for people alive today, and will worsen as long as humans add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

• We already see effects scientists predicted, such as the loss of sea ice, melting glaciers and ice sheets, sea level rise, and more intense heat waves.
• Scientists predict global temperature increases from human-made greenhouse gases will continue. Severe weather damage will also increase and intensify.

Earth Will Continue to Warm and the Effects Will Be Profound

Global climate change is not a future problem. Changes to Earth’s climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.

Effects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves.

The magnitude and rate of climate change and associated risks depend strongly on near-term mitigation and adaptation actions, and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Some changes (such as droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall) are happening faster than scientists previously assessed. In fact, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) — the United Nations body established to assess the science related to climate change — modern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate, and some of these changes are irreversible over the next hundreds to thousands of years.

Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for many decades, mainly due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities.

The IPCC’s Sixth Assessment report, published in 2021, found that human emissions of heat-trapping gases have already warmed the climate by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since 1850-1900. 1 The global average temperature is expected to reach or exceed 1.5 degrees C (about 3 degrees F) within the next few decades. These changes will affect all regions of Earth.

The severity of effects caused by climate change will depend on the path of future human activities. More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet. However, those future effects depend on the total amount of carbon dioxide we emit. So, if we can reduce emissions, we may avoid some of the worst effects.

The scientific evidence is unequivocal: climate change is a threat to human wellbeing and the health of the planet. Any further delay in concerted global action will miss the brief, rapidly closing window to secure a liveable future.

Here are some of the expected effects of global climate change on the United States, according to the Third and Fourth National Climate Assessment Reports:

Future effects of global climate change in the United States:

U.S. Sea Level Likely to Rise 1 to 6.6 Feet by 2100

Global sea level has risen about 8 inches (0.2 meters) since reliable record-keeping began in 1880. By 2100, scientists project that it will rise at least another foot (0.3 meters), but possibly as high as 6.6 feet (2 meters) in a high-emissions scenario. Sea level is rising because of added water from melting land ice and the expansion of seawater as it warms. Image credit: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0

Climate Changes Will Continue Through This Century and Beyond

Global climate is projected to continue warming over this century and beyond. Image credit: Khagani Hasanov, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

Hurricanes Will Become Stronger and More Intense

Scientists project that hurricane-associated storm intensity and rainfall rates will increase as the climate continues to warm. Image credit: NASA

More Droughts and Heat Waves

Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less intense and less frequent. Image credit: NOAA

Longer Wildfire Season

Warming temperatures have extended and intensified wildfire season in the West, where long-term drought in the region has heightened the risk of fires. Scientists estimate that human-caused climate change has already doubled the area of forest burned in recent decades. By around 2050, the amount of land consumed by wildfires in Western states is projected to further increase by two to six times. Even in traditionally rainy regions like the Southeast, wildfires are projected to increase by about 30%.

Changes in Precipitation Patterns

Climate change is having an uneven effect on precipitation (rain and snow) in the United States, with some locations experiencing increased precipitation and flooding, while others suffer from drought. On average, more winter and spring precipitation is projected for the northern United States, and less for the Southwest, over this century. Image credit: Marvin Nauman/FEMA

Frost-Free Season (and Growing Season) will Lengthen

The length of the frost-free season, and the corresponding growing season, has been increasing since the 1980s, with the largest increases occurring in the western United States. Across the United States, the growing season is projected to continue to lengthen, which will affect ecosystems and agriculture.

Global Temperatures Will Continue to Rise

Summer of 2023 was Earth's hottest summer on record, 0.41 degrees Fahrenheit (F) (0.23 degrees Celsius (C)) warmer than any other summer in NASA’s record and 2.1 degrees F (1.2 C) warmer than the average summer between 1951 and 1980. Image credit: NASA

Arctic Is Very Likely to Become Ice-Free

Sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean is expected to continue decreasing, and the Arctic Ocean will very likely become essentially ice-free in late summer if current projections hold. This change is expected to occur before mid-century.

U.S. Regional Effects

Climate change is bringing different types of challenges to each region of the country. Some of the current and future impacts are summarized below. These findings are from the Third 3 and Fourth 4 National Climate Assessment Reports, released by the U.S. Global Change Research Program .

• Northeast. Heat waves, heavy downpours, and sea level rise pose increasing challenges to many aspects of life in the Northeast. Infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, and ecosystems will be increasingly compromised. Farmers can explore new crop options, but these adaptations are not cost- or risk-free. Moreover, adaptive capacity , which varies throughout the region, could be overwhelmed by a changing climate. Many states and cities are beginning to incorporate climate change into their planning.
• Northwest. Changes in the timing of peak flows in rivers and streams are reducing water supplies and worsening competing demands for water. Sea level rise, erosion, flooding, risks to infrastructure, and increasing ocean acidity pose major threats. Increasing wildfire incidence and severity, heat waves, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are causing widespread forest die-off.
• Southeast. Sea level rise poses widespread and continuing threats to the region’s economy and environment. Extreme heat will affect health, energy, agriculture, and more. Decreased water availability will have economic and environmental impacts.
• Midwest. Extreme heat, heavy downpours, and flooding will affect infrastructure, health, agriculture, forestry, transportation, air and water quality, and more. Climate change will also worsen a range of risks to the Great Lakes.
• Southwest. Climate change has caused increased heat, drought, and insect outbreaks. In turn, these changes have made wildfires more numerous and severe. The warming climate has also caused a decline in water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, and triggered heat-related health impacts in cities. In coastal areas, flooding and erosion are additional concerns.

1. IPCC 2021, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis , the Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

2. IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

3. USGCRP 2014, Third Climate Assessment .

4. USGCRP 2017, Fourth Climate Assessment .

Related Resources

A Degree of Difference

So, the Earth's average temperature has increased about 2 degrees Fahrenheit during the 20th century. What's the big deal?

What’s the difference between climate change and global warming?

“Global warming” refers to the long-term warming of the planet. “Climate change” encompasses global warming, but refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to our planet, including rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers; accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic; and shifts in flower/plant blooming times.

Is it too late to prevent climate change?

Humans have caused major climate changes to happen already, and we have set in motion more changes still. However, if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, the rise in global temperatures would begin to flatten within a few years. Temperatures would then plateau but remain well-elevated for many, many centuries.

Discover More Topics From NASA

Explore Earth Science

Earth Science in Action

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Facts About Earth

Nintendo Reveals Tears of the Kingdom's Single Biggest Problem and How It Was Solved

Apparently giving players an unlimited amount of super glue in a physics-based world isn't easy..

There's no denying that The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom is a technical marvel. Sure, it may not look as pretty as its AAA contemporaries on the other consoles, but Nintendo's impressive physics and mechanics under the hood impressed game developers across the industry when Tears of the Kingdom launched last year.

As it turns out, developing a physics-driven world where the player can glue together anything they want was incredibly difficult, and Nintendo is finally pulling back the curtain on some of the reasons why. During Nintendo's Tears of the Kingdom panel at GDC, Senior Director Takuhiro Dohta, Sound Programmer Junya Osada, and Physics Programmer Takahiro Takayama explained how Tears of the Kingdom's impressive world came to be.

An Entirely Physics-Driven World

The developers explained that the philosophy behind both Breath of the Wild and Tears of the Kingdom is something they call "multiplicative gameplay", where action and objects come together to create countless possibilities. When it came time to begin development on Tears of the Kingdom, the Zelda team felt there was potential to enhance that philosophy by allowing players to stick multiple objects to each other. This idea would eventually be finalized as Link's Ultrahand ability, but it was a long road to get there.

"When I first saw the prototype, I was excited that this was going to be a great game, but this was going to be very, very difficult," Takayama said. "I said to myself, 'Are we really doing this?'"

But the team had the courage to push forward, guided by two main goals: to create an entirely physics-driven world, and to create a system where unique interactions happen without any dedicated implementation.

Nintendo shared early glitchy prototypes like throwing a stone onto a cart and horse, causing it to zip straight into the air. Takayama said the freedom Ultrahand offered caused chaos in Hyrule during development: "I would hear things like, 'It broke! It went flying!' And I’d respond with, 'I know! We’ll deal with it later!'”

The solution to many of the issues Nintendo faced was to remove all non-physics items and make everything physics-driven. One example of this is gates, which were originally not physics-driven, making it difficult to navigate while using Ultrahand. So, Nintendo changed how gates function to fix the issue.

Interestingly, changing the way gates worked led to unexpected discoveries within Nintendo. One of the most joyous parts of Tears of the Kingdom is discovering unintended solutions to puzzles within Hyrule's many Shrines, and it turns out Zelda developers themselves got to experience that same feeling during development. One Shrine originally had to be solved by weighing down a switch using a block of ice, but with the new gate technology, the developers discovered you could completely avoid the switch and still solve the puzzle.

A System That Makes Fun Things Happen

Dohta emphasized that rather than creating something fun, Nintendo wanted to create a spontaneous system that makes fun things happen. This idea permeated throughout Tears of the Kingdom's different systems, including creating a system to make objects move, a system that makes noises sound a certain way, or a system that causes unique interactions.

This also translated to Tears of the Kingdom's vehicles, where Nintendo implemented a system where players can create a vehicle themselves using wheels, steering sticks, and whatever else they can find. The whole staff had to work together on these items, as complex objects like wagons were designed based on the physics first and foremost, leaving the artists to create the best possible look for them. The team had a testing room to make sure all of the objects were working at any given time, and the developers on stage said working with designers and artists who understood the vision was essential to bring Tears of the Kingdom's world to life.

The sound design in Tears of the Kingdom is also incredibly complex. Osada explained that the world contains voxel information to create a 3D terrain. Voxels are data points on a 3D grid that store information. In Zelda, each voxel sources information about the terrain, like if it's inside or outside, near water, near a forest, if Ascend is possible, and more. A search algorithm determines how sound interacts with the voxels, like sound changing when an object is behind a wall.

Just like the design philosophy for the rest of the game, sounds in Tears of the Kingdom play in a system without dedicated implemenation, and in some cases abstract sounds combine to create something entirely new. For example, there is no dedicated wagon sound or paddle boat sound, these sounds are created by the wheels rolling or rotating on the water, with the quality changing based on the size, shape, and material. Osada said, "It’s making sounds that I have no memory of creating! Even the director told us, 'This is basically a physics engine for sound, isn’t it?'”

Tears of the Kingdom is incredibly complicated, and the aspects the developers touched on during the GDC panel barely scratch the surface of everything going on at once in Hyrule. It's no wonder the Zelda sequel took home IGN's award for the Best Game of 2023 .

For more on Zelda, check out our interview with Tears of the Kingdom director Hidemaro Fujibayashi and series producer Eiji Aonuma.

Additional reporting by Kat Bailey.

Logan Plant is IGN's Database Manager, Playlist Editor, occasional news writer, and frequent Super Ninfriendo on Nintendo Voice Chat. Find him on Twitter @LoganJPlant.

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The Voice Recap: The Battles End With a Pair of Questionable Picks

Charlie mason.

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There are many things that we love about The Voice , right, from the coaches’ goofy interplay to the contestants’ go-for-broke performances. But is any one of them more fun than second-guessing the panel’s decisions? And I dunno about you, but I did quite a bit of that Tuesday evening as the Battles ended. On two out of four face-offs, I disagreed with the coaches. Read on, and we’ll discuss why.

Team Legend: Mafe (Grade: B+) defeated Rivers Grayson (Grade: B) on “You’ve Got a Friend” | On James Taylor’s classic ballad, Rivers was so whispery that you really had to pay attention for him to make an impression. And if you did, he was good, right? But he sang so softly that he couldn’t help but sorta fade into the woodwork next to Mafe, whose voice was so much clearer and brighter. Hard to win a Battle when you’re coming off like your opponent’s backing vocalist.

Team Dan + Shay: Anya True (Grade: B) defeated AJ Harvey (Grade: B+) on “Half of My Heart” | Odd. We went into the rehearsal room with this duo but didn’t get their whole performance; that’s a choice. From what we heard, their John Mayer cover was pretty good. There’s something ear-catching and authentic about Anya’s voice, but I had to give the edge to AJ; anybody who doesn’t just sing a song but looks like he’s living it is almost always gonna be my pick.

Were you as surprised as I was by the coaches’ picks of Anya and RLetto Tuesday? Vote for the night’s standout performance below, then hit the comments with your thoughts.

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Kind of another meh night of battles. Also AGAIN disappointed that AJ & Rivers didn’t even have a chance to thank their coaches. What’s up with that?? Mafe was OK; AJ, Val, & RLetto sang pretty well, & AJ reminded me of a young Johnny Cash! Glad John stole Val, but seemed “pre-planned,” for some reason. Everybody else meh.

I think this show is crying out for new producers. I lose it when we only see half of the performance and as mentioned, they don’t get to thank their coaches. Also leaving the final steal to the end, every time. Where is the element of surprise? And who needs to see who’s coming up next, spoiling the pairings. It’s getting to the point that I’m more annoyed watching than relaxed and happy. And I’ve watched every season.

This crop of contestants are meh in my opinion. I did a lot of fast forwarding so far this season.

I’m disappointed Elyscia is no more. Wrong song choices this season. Reba is a legend but she’s too sweet for this show. Need another fiery coach. It’s about to lull us to sleep this season. Chance is the saving grace. Rletto’s eyes, while beautiful, is he permanently high, lol. I rate him.

Not impressed by anyone in particular this season. They are alright but no one in my opinion stands out so far..The people that they hardly show in the competition were probably so weak that no air time was wasted

Why do you recap The Voice but not American Idol?

This! Where is Andy Swift’s analysis of Idol?

These performances were boring. I am sad to see Elyscia go. I thought she was better than Ashley.

Why do these coaches always pit my favorite singers against each other? I really liked AJ and Anya. Now one of them is gone, and I didn’t even get to see the whole battle. Sigh…

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Easter 2024

India has millions of dairy farmers. It’s creating a methane problem that’s tricky to solve

Indian farmer Ram Singh Patel, right, and his wife Kantee Devi take their cattle out in the open in Fatehpur district south of Lucknow, India, Dec. 19, 2020. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

FILE - Indian farmer Ram Singh Patel, right, and his wife Kantee Devi take their cattle out in the open in Fatehpur district south of Lucknow, India, Dec. 19, 2020. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh, File)

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FILE - A man walks holding an umbrella past a cow at a farm adjacent to a residential apartment complex in Kochi, southern Kerala state, India, Saturday, June 11, 2022. (AP Photo/R S Iyer, File)

BENGALURU, India (AP) — Abinaya Tamilarasu said her four cows are part of the family. She has a degree in commerce from a local college, but prefers being home milking cows and tending to her family’s land.

“Our family cannot let farming go, it’s a way of life for us,” said the 28-year-old, who lives on her family farm in India’s southern Tamil Nadu state. Even when she could be making more money elsewhere, she said she’s “still happy we have our cows.”

India is the world’s largest milk producer, and is home to 80 million dairy farmers who made 231 million tons of milk last year. Many farmers, like Tamilarasu, only have a few cows, but the industry as a whole has 303 million bovine cattle like cows and buffalo, making it the largest contributor to planet-warming methane emissions in the country. The federal government has made some positive steps to reduce methane, but wants to focus emissions cuts elsewhere, like by moving to renewable energy , saying most methane emissions are a fact of life. But experts say the industry can and should make more reductions that can quickly limit warming .

India is the third largest emitter of methane in the world, according to figures published earlier this month by the International Energy Agency, and livestock are responsible for about 48% of all methane emissions in India, the vast majority from cattle. Methane is a potent planet-warming gas that can trap more than 80 times more heat in the atmosphere in the short term than carbon dioxide.

The Indian government has not joined any global pledges to cut methane emissions, which many see as low-hanging fruit for climate solutions , as methane emissions only last in the atmosphere for about a dozen years, compared to CO2 that can linger for a couple of hundred years.

But there’s some work on methane reduction in agriculture on the national level: The government’s National Dairy Development Board, which works with over 17 million farmers across the country, is looking into genetic improvement programs to provide more nutritious feed to livestock which would make cows more productive, meaning each farmer would need fewer cows to produce the same amount of milk. Studies by the NDDB show that emissions are reduced by as much as 15% when a balanced diet is provided to the animals.

The board is also looking into reducing crop burning, a high-emitting practice that some farmers use to clear their lands, by feeding those crops to cows.

“Climate-smart dairying is the need of the hour,” said Meenesh Shah, the board’s chairman.

Vineet Kumar, from the New Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment, agreed that good quality feed can help lower emissions. He also said encouraging more local breeds that emit less can help. “These solutions can be a win-win for everyone,” he said.

But Thanammal Ravichandran, a veterinarian based in the southern Indian city of Coimbatore, noted that there’s currently a shortage of feed in India, so farmers give their cattle whatever they can, which is mostly lower quality and higher emitting.

“Farmers are also not able to invest in better quality feed for their cattle,” she said. To get better, and more affordable feed, dairy farmers need more government support, she said.

Whatever measures are taken to reduce methane emissions, experts note that it should have minimal impact on farmers’ livelihoods, and should account for the ways people raise their livestock.

“Livestock have been closely integrated within the Indian farming system,” said Kumar, meaning any drastic changes to farming methods would have severe effects on farmers. He added that efforts to reduce emissions shouldn’t reduce the use of cow manure as fertilizer on India’s farms, as chemical fertilizers emit nitrous oxide, an even more potent greenhouse gas.

But looking at India’s methane emissions as a whole could provide some more obvious solutions to slashing the gas, said Bandish Patel, an energy analyst at the climate thinktank Ember. Focusing on the energy sector is an easy win for targeted reduction of methane emissions, he said.

“You look at agriculture, those emissions are very dispersed in nature, whereas, with oil, gas and coal mining, there are very pointed sources from which you can basically reduce methane going forward,” he said.

Shah from the NDDB added that India’s high agricultural emissions must be considered in the context of the country being home to the world’s largest cattle population, the largest producer of milk, and the largest rice exporter, as rice production also produces significant methane emissions.

“In this light, India’s agriculture sector emissions must be considered significantly low,” Shah said. Because of its large population, India’s per capita emissions are well below average.

For dairy farmers like Tamilarasu, better welfare for her cows and programs for farmers to have better practices are welcome, but she won’t be leaving her cows for the climate any time soon. She plans to continue dairy farming for the foreseeable future.

“The way we see it, our cows and us support each other. If we can make their lives better, they will make ours better too,” she said.

Follow Sibi Arasu on X at @sibi123

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