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Getting to the Root of a Problem Quickly

By the Mind Tools Content Team

5 Whys Root-Cause Analysis

Have you ever had a problem that refused to go away? No matter what you did, sooner or later it would return, perhaps in another form.

Stubborn or recurrent problems are often symptoms of deeper issues. "Quick fixes" may seem convenient, but they often solve only the surface issues and waste resources that could otherwise be used to tackle the real cause.

In this article and in the video, below, we look at the 5 Whys technique (sometimes known as 5Y). This is a simple but powerful tool for cutting quickly through the outward symptoms of a problem to reveal its underlying causes – so that you can deal with it once and for all.

Origins of the 5 Whys Technique

Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist, inventor, and founder of Toyota Industries, developed the 5 Whys technique in the 1930s. It became popular in the 1970s, and Toyota still uses it to solve problems today.

Toyota has a "go and see" philosophy. This means that its decision making is based on an in-depth understanding of what's actually happening on the shop floor , rather than on what someone in a boardroom thinks might be happening.

The 5 Whys technique is true to this tradition, and it is most effective when the answers come from people who have hands-on experience of the process or problem in question.

The method is remarkably simple: when a problem occurs, you drill down to its root cause by asking "Why?" five times. Then, when a counter-measure becomes apparent, you follow it through to prevent the issue from recurring.

The 5 Whys uses "counter-measures," rather than "solutions." A counter-measure is an action or set of actions that seeks to prevent the problem from arising again, while a solution may just seek to deal with the symptom. As such, counter-measures are more robust, and will more likely prevent the problem from recurring.

When to Use a 5 Whys Analysis

You can use 5 Whys for troubleshooting, quality improvement, and problem solving, but it is most effective when used to resolve simple or moderately difficult problems.

It may not be suitable if you need to tackle a complex or critical problem. This is because 5 Whys can lead you to pursue a single track, or a limited number of tracks, of inquiry when, in fact, there could be multiple causes. In cases like these, a wider-ranging method such as Cause and Effect Analysis or Failure Mode and Effects Analysis may b e more effective.

This simple 5 Whys technique, however, can often direct you quickly to the root cause of a problem. So, whenever a system or process isn't working properly, give it a try before you embark on a more in-depth approach – and certainly before you attempt to develop a solution.

The tool's simplicity gives it great flexibility, too, and 5 Whys combines well with other methods and techniques, such as Root Cause Analysis . It is often associated with Lean Manufacturing , where it is used to identify and eliminate wasteful practices. It is also used in the analysis phase of the Six Sigma quality improvement methodology.

How to Use the 5 Whys

The model follows a very simple seven-step process: [1]

1. Assemble a Team

Gather together people who are familiar with the specifics of the problem, and with the process that you're trying to fix. Include someone to act as a facilitator , who can keep the team focused on identifying effective counter-measures.

2. Define the Problem

If you can, observe the problem in action. Discuss it with your team and write a brief, clear problem statement that you all agree on. For example, "Team A isn't meeting its response time targets" or "Software release B resulted in too many rollback failures."

Then, write your statement on a whiteboard or sticky note, leaving enough space around it to add your answers to the repeated question, "Why?"

3. Ask the First "Why?"

Ask your team why the problem is occurring. (For example, "Why isn't Team A meeting its response time targets?")

Asking "Why?" sounds simple, but answering it requires serious thought. Search for answers that are grounded in fact: they must be accounts of things that have actually happened, not guesses at what might have happened.

This prevents 5 Whys from becoming just a process of deductive reasoning, which can generate a large number of possible causes and, sometimes, create more confusion as you chase down hypothetical problems.

Your team members may come up with one obvious reason why, or several plausible ones. Record their answers as succinct phrases, rather than as single words or lengthy statements, and write them below (or beside) your problem statement. For example, saying "volume of calls is too high" is better than a vague "overloaded."

4. Ask "Why?" Four More Times

For each of the answers that you generated in Step 3, ask four further "whys" in succession. Each time, frame the question in response to the answer you've just recorded.

What Is a 5 Whys Template?

The diagram, below, shows an example of 5 Whys in action, following a single lane of inquiry.

Figure 1: 5 Whys Example (Single Lane)

The 5 Whys method also allows you to follow multiple lanes of inquiry. An example of this is shown in Figure 2, below.

In our example, asking "Why was the delivery late?" produces a second answer (Reason 2). Asking "Why?" for that answer reveals a single reason (Reason 1), which you can address with a counter-measure.

Similarly, asking "Why did the job take longer than expected?" has a second answer (Reason 2), and asking "Why?" at this point reveals a single reason (Reason 1). Another "Why?" here identifies two possibilities (Reasons 1 and 2) before a possible counter-measure becomes evident.

There is also a second reason for "Why we ran out of printer ink" (Reason 2), and a single answer for the next "Why?" (Reason 1), which can then be addressed with a counter-measure.

Figure 2: 5 Whys Example (Multiple Lanes)

Step 5. Know When to Stop

You'll know that you've revealed the root cause of the problem when asking "why" produces no more useful responses, and you can go no further. An appropriate counter-measure or process change should then become evident. (As we said earlier, if you're not sure that you've uncovered the real root cause, consider using a more in-depth problem-solving technique like Cause and Effect Analysis , Root-Cause Analysis , or FMEA .)

If you identified more than one reason in Step 3, repeat this process for each of the different branches of your analysis until you reach a root cause for each one.

6. Address the Root Cause(s)

Now that you've identified at least one root cause, you need to discuss and agree on the counter-measures that will prevent the problem from recurring.

7. Monitor Your Measures

Keep a close watch on how effectively your counter-measures eliminate or minimize the initial problem. You may need to amend them, or replace them entirely. If this happens, it's a good idea to repeat the 5 Whys process to ensure that you've identified the correct root cause.

Appreciation

A similar question-based approach known as "appreciation" can help you to uncover factors in a situation that you might otherwise miss.

It was originally developed by the military to assist commanders in gaining a comprehensive understanding of any fact, problem or situation. But you can also apply it in the workplace.

Starting with a fact, you first ask the question, "So what?" – in other words, what are the implications of that fact? Why is this fact important?

You then continue asking that question until you've drawn all possible conclusions from it.

The major difference between this and the 5 Whys technique is that appreciation is often used to get the most information out of a simple fact or statement, while 5 Whys is designed to drill down to the root of a problem.

Tips for Using the 5 Whys Technique

Try to move quickly from one question to the next. That way, you'll have the full picture before you jump to any conclusions.
The "5" in 5 Whys is really just a " rule of thumb ." In some cases, you may need to ask "Why?" a few more times before you get to the root of the problem. In other cases, you may reach this point before you ask your fifth "Why?" If you do, make sure that you haven't stopped too soon, and that you're not simply accepting "knee-jerk" responses.
Know when to stop! The important point is to stop asking "Why?" when you stop producing useful responses.

Frequently Asked Questions About 5 Whys

1. what is the 5 whys technique.

The 5 Whys Technique is a problem-solving method involving repeatedly asking "why?" It's a way of quickly getting to the root cause of a situation.

2. Who Invented 5 Whys?

The 5 Whys technique was invented in the 1930s by Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist, inventor, and founder of Toyota Industries.

5 Whys Infographic

See our infographic on the 5 Whys and use it to get to the root of your problems!

Bear in mind that appreciation can restrict you to one line of thinking. For instance, once you've answered your first "So what?" question, you might follow a single line of inquiry to its conclusion. To avoid this, repeat the appreciation process several times over to make sure that you've covered all bases.

The 5 Whys strategy is a simple, effective tool for uncovering the root of a problem. You can use it in troubleshooting, problem-solving, and quality-improvement initiatives.

Start with a problem and ask why it is occurring. Make sure that your answer is grounded in fact, and then ask the question again. Continue the process until you reach the root cause of the problem, and you can identify a counter-measure that will prevent it from recurring.

Bear in mind that this questioning process is best suited to simple or moderately difficult problems. Complex problems may benefit from a more detailed approach, although using 5 Whys will still give you useful insights.

[1] Pojasek, R. (2000). 'Asking "Why?" Five Times,' Environmental Quality Management , Volume 10, Issue 1, 79–84. Available here . [Accessed July 1, 2022.]

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Root Cause Analysis with 5 Whys Technique (With Examples)

By Sebastian Traeger

Updated: March 21, 2024

Reading Time: 7 minutes

What Is the 5 Whys Technique?

Example of the 5 whys technique, how to conduct a 5 whys analysis in 5 steps, when to use a 5 whys analysis, using 5 whys template, tips for mastering the 5 whys technique, frequently asked questions about 5 whys.

With over two decades in business – spanning strategy consulting, tech startups and executive leadership – I am committed to helping your organization thrive.

At Reliability, we’re on a mission to help enhance strategic decision-making and operational excellence through the power of Root Cause Analysis, and I hope this article will be helpful!

Our goal is to help you better understand 5 whys techniques by offering insights and practical tips based on years of experience. Whether you’re new to doing RCAs or a seasoned pro, we trust this will be useful in your journey towards working hard and working smart.

The 5 Whys Technique is like peeling an onion – it helps you uncover the underlying reasons behind a problem, layer by layer. By repeatedly asking “why” at least five times, this method digs deep to reveal the root cause of an issue. It’s a simple yet powerful problem-solving approach that aims to get to the heart of the matter rather than just addressing surface-level symptoms.

5 Whys Technique: A method that involves iteratively asking “why” five times to unveil the fundamental cause of a problem.

In essence, the 5 Whys Technique is not just about fixing what’s broken on the surface; it’s about understanding and addressing the deeper issues that lead to problems in the first place.

The 5 Whys Technique is like a detective, uncovering the truth behind recurring problems. Let’s take a look at how this method works in two different scenarios.

Case Study: Manufacturing Defects

Imagine a company that keeps encountering the same manufacturing defects despite various attempts to fix them. By using the 5 Whys Technique, they discovered that the defects were not caused by faulty machinery, as previously assumed, but rather by human error due to unclear operating instructions. This realization led to improved training procedures and clear work guidelines, ultimately eliminating the defects.

Application in Service Industry

Now, consider a service industry struggling with frequent customer complaints and service failures. Through the 5 Whys Technique, it was revealed that these issues stemmed from inadequate staffing levels during peak hours. By addressing this root cause, such as hiring additional staff or adjusting schedules, the service quality can significantly improve, leading to higher customer satisfaction.

These examples illustrate how the 5 Whys Technique can be applied across different sectors to identify and address underlying issues effectively.

Step 1: Identify the Problem

Before diving into a 5 Whys analysis, it’s crucial to clearly identify the problem or issue at hand . This step sets the stage for the entire process and ensures that the focus remains on addressing the right concern. Take the time to gather relevant data, observe patterns, and consult with team members or stakeholders to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem.

Step 2: Ask ‘Why’ Five Times

Once the problem is clearly defined, it’s time to start peeling back the layers. The process involves asking “why” five times, not necessarily limited to five questions but enough to delve deeper into the underlying causes of the problem . Each “why” serves as a gateway to uncovering additional factors contributing to the issue. This iterative approach helps in identifying not just one cause, but multiple interconnected elements that may be at play.

By consistently probing deeper with each “why,” you can reveal hidden complexities and nuances that may have been overlooked initially. This method allows for a more thorough understanding of the situation, paving the way for effective solutions that address root causes rather than surface-level symptoms.

This structured approach encourages critical thinking and enables teams to move beyond quick fixes towards sustainable improvements.

The 5 Whys Technique is a versatile problem-solving approach that can be applied in various scenarios to uncover root causes and drive continuous improvement. Here are two key situations where the 5 Whys Analysis can be particularly beneficial:

Recurring Issues

The 5 Whys Technique is especially useful when dealing with recurring issues. Whether it’s a manufacturing defect that keeps resurfacing or a persistent customer complaint in the service industry, this method helps identify the underlying reasons behind these repetitive problems. By repeatedly asking “why,” it becomes possible to trace the issue back to its root cause, allowing for targeted solutions that prevent reoccurrence.

Process Improvement

Organizations constantly strive to enhance their processes and workflows for increased efficiency and quality. When seeking to improve existing procedures, the 5 Whys Technique serves as a valuable tool. By systematically analyzing the factors contributing to inefficiencies or bottlenecks, teams can gain insights into how processes can be optimized at their core. This method enables organizations to make informed decisions about process improvements based on a deep understanding of the underlying issues.

In both cases, the 5 Whys Analysis offers a structured yet flexible approach to delve into complex problems, making it an indispensable tool for driving meaningful change and progress within organizations.

When it comes to conducting a 5 Whys analysis, utilizing a structured template can greatly facilitate the process and ensure a comprehensive investigation into the root cause identification. Using RCA software such as EasyRCA can benefit the team by streamlining your 5-why process. Here’s how organizations can benefit from using a template:

Screenshot of 5 Why Root Cause Analysis Software - EasyRCA 5 Why Template

Benefits of Using a Template

Streamlined Process: A well-designed 5 Whys template provides a clear framework for conducting the analysis, guiding teams through the iterative questioning process. This streamlines the investigation, making it easier to navigate and ensuring that no crucial aspects are overlooked.
Thorough Investigation: By following a predefined template, teams are prompted to explore various facets of the problem systematically. This ensures that all relevant factors are considered, leading to a more thorough and insightful investigation into the underlying causes.
Consistent Approach: Templates offer a standardized approach to conducting 5 Whys analyses within an organization. This consistency promotes uniformity in problem-solving methods across different teams or departments, enhancing overall efficiency and effectiveness.

Customizing the Template

Organizations have the flexibility to customize 5 Whys templates according to their specific needs and industry requirements. This adaptability allows for tailoring the template to address unique challenges and incorporate industry-specific considerations. Customization may include:

Adding Industry-Specific Prompts: Tailoring the template by incorporating prompts or questions relevant to particular industries or types of issues being analyzed.
Incorporating Visual Aids: Enhancing the template with visual aids such as flow charts or diagrams can help teams better understand and communicate complex causal relationships.
Iterative Refinement: Regularly reviewing and refining the template based on feedback and evolving organizational needs ensures that it remains aligned with current processes and challenges.

Customizing the template empowers organizations to harness the full potential of the 5 Whys Technique in addressing diverse problems while aligning with their unique operational contexts.

Encouraging Open Communication

In mastering the 5 Whys Technique as a problem-solving method, creating an environment that fosters open communication is paramount. When team members feel comfortable expressing their perspectives and insights, it leads to a more comprehensive exploration of the underlying causes of a problem. Encouraging open communication allows for diverse viewpoints to be considered, providing a holistic understanding of the issue at hand.

By promoting an atmosphere where individuals are empowered to voice their observations and concerns, the 5 Whys analysis can benefit from a rich tapestry of ideas and experiences. This inclusive approach not only enhances the depth of the analysis but also cultivates a sense of ownership and collective responsibility for addressing root causes within the team or organization.

Continuous Improvement Mindset

A key aspect of mastering the 5 Whys Technique is embracing a continuous improvement mindset. Rather than viewing problems as isolated incidents, this approach encourages teams to see them as opportunities for growth and development. By instilling a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can leverage the insights gained from 5 Whys analyzes to drive positive change across various aspects of their operations.

Fostering a mindset focused on continuous improvement entails actively seeking feedback, evaluating processes, and implementing iterative enhancements based on the findings. It involves an ongoing commitment to learning from past experiences and leveraging that knowledge to proactively address potential issues before they escalate. Embracing this mindset ensures that the 5 Whys Technique becomes ingrained in the organizational ethos, leading to sustained progress and resilience in problem-solving efforts.

As we wrap up our exploration of the 5 Whys Technique, let’s address some common questions that may arise regarding this powerful problem-solving method.

What is the primary goal of the 5 Whys Technique?

The primary goal of the 5 Whys Technique is to uncover the root cause of a problem by iteratively asking “why” at least five times. This approach aims to move beyond surface-level symptoms and address the underlying issues that lead to recurring problems.

Is the 5 Whys Technique limited to specific industries or sectors?

No, the 5 Whys Technique is versatile and can be applied across various industries and sectors. Whether it’s manufacturing, healthcare, service, or technology, this method offers a structured yet flexible approach to identifying root causes and driving continuous improvement.

How does the 5 Whys Technique contribute to continuous improvement?

By delving into the fundamental reasons behind problems, the 5 Whys Technique provides organizations with valuable insights for driving continuous improvement. It not only helps in resolving immediate issues but also fosters a culture of ongoing enhancement and development within an organization.

Can the 5 Whys Technique be used for complex problems with multiple contributing factors?

Yes, while initially designed as a simple and straightforward method, the 5 Whys Technique can certainly be applied to complex problems with multiple interconnected factors. By systematically probing deeper into each layer of causality, this technique enables a comprehensive understanding of intricate issues.

I hope you found this guide to 5 whys technique insightful and actionable! Stay tuned for more thought-provoking articles as we continue to share our knowledge. Success is rooted in a thorough understanding and consistent application, and we hope this article was a step in unlocking the full potential of Root Cause Analysis for your organization.

Reliability runs initiatives such as an online learning center focused on the proprietary PROACT® RCA methodology and EasyRCA.com software. For additional resources, visit Reliability Resources .

Root Cause Analysis /

Daniel Croft

Daniel Croft is an experienced continuous improvement manager with a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt and a Bachelor's degree in Business Management. With more than ten years of experience applying his skills across various industries, Daniel specializes in optimizing processes and improving efficiency. His approach combines practical experience with a deep understanding of business fundamentals to drive meaningful change.

Last Updated: May 9, 2023
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5 Whys is a problem-solving technique used to get to the root cause of problems by asking the question of Why multiple times, but often 5 times giving it the name “5 Whys”. This allows people to address the root cause of issues instead of the symptoms of the root causes which is often what is seen as the problem.

Like a doctor diagnosing an issue such as neck pain, a painkiller will only address the symptoms of the neck pain and not the root cause of the pain. By getting to the root cause you can ensure a long-term fix to the root cause of the neck pain which could be caused by seating positions and not taking painkillers which is a short-term fix.

What is the 5 whys.

The 5 Whys is a root cause analysis problem-solving technique that aims to identify the root cause of a problem by repeatedly asking the question “Why?” five times or until the core issue is unveiled. Developed within the Toyota Production System , it’s one of fundamental tools in the Lean Six Sigma methodology.

Here’s how it works:

Begin with a clear and concise problem statement.
Ask “Why?” the problem occurred. Document the answer.
If this answer doesn’t identify the root cause, ask “Why?” again and document the subsequent answer.
Continue this process until you’ve either asked “Why?” five times or the root cause has been identified.

Lets go through an example, let’s say a machine stopped working:

Why? – The machine’s fuse blew.
Why? – The machine was overloaded.
Why? – There wasn’t adequate training on machine capacity.
Why? – Training materials were outdated.
Why? – There’s no review process for updating training materials.

In this case, the root cause is the lack of a review process for training materials, and addressing this will prevent similar issues in the future. Only treating the symptom in this situation would have been to change the fuse, for it then to regularly blow and cause additional downtime.

This is a good example where a machine stopping working’s root cause is cause by an issue what would not be obvious is first glace at the symptom of the problem and provides a clear example that root cause analysis is important to ensure that solutions are not jumped to before a through root cause analysis is conducted.

Why is the 5 Whys Important?

Understanding the 5 Whys is important because identifying symptoms of a problem is not the same as uncovering its root cause. If you only address symptoms this provides only temporary solution to the problem. However, understanding and resolving the root cause can prevent the issue from reoccurring.

The 5 Whys Problem-Solving technique is also useful for:

Problem Prevention: By identifying the root cause of the problem, businesses can implement long-term solutions, leading to more robust systems and processes and prevent the problem reoccurring.
Cost-Efficiency: Addressing root causes is often more cost-effective in the long run as it prevents recurrence and the associated costs of repeated problem-solving which usually involves the same people constantly firefighting the same issues such as repeated machine breakdowns.
Improved Processes: Regular use of the 5 Whys to identify the root causes of problems can highlight weaknesses in processes, leading to continuous improvement and optimization processes.
Empowerment: The use of 5 Whys by individuals a positive culture that promotes a deeper understanding of systems and processes, empowering teams to take ownership and responsibility in addressing issues.

How to Conduct a 5 Whys Root Cause Analysis?

Step 1: define the problem.

This is an important step as if the problem is not defined effectively it could result in focusing in the wrong problem. A good method for this could be to use the 5W1H Is/Is Not Problem solving technique to gain a common understanding of that the problem is.

When stating the problem you are going to conduct a 5 Whys on it is important to be specific about the issue and avoid ambiguous descriptions. Additionally, where data and information is available this should be collected and used as evidence that points to the actual problem rather than opinions of the problem.

Step 2: Ask the First “Why?”

Now you have a clear problem definition you should ask the question “Why did that happen?” This should be done to understand the problem without making assumptions and should be done with supporting facts and data that backs up the initial answer to the question.

Step 3: Continue to Ask Why?

Now you should have an answer to the first why. This should form the next step and ask why did that happen. This ensures you dont settle for the inisital surface-level answer or symptoms of the real problem and pushes you to understand the underlying issues.

When you continue to ask why you should:

Continuously question the previous answer
Challenge answer that seem like assumptions and lack evidence to support them to avoid going down the wrong route.

Step 4: Continue the Process

Keep the questioning focused on the problem
If you feel the questioning is going off track revert back to what the initial problem definition.
Ensure each answer provided logically leads to the next “Why?”
The 5 Whys process then concludes when further questions leads to no further valuable answers are given or the when the root cause of the issues becomes clear.

Step 5 Implement Solutions

Once you have identified the root cause the you need to address it by implementing a solution to prevent the problem reoccuring.

This should be a case of developing an actionable solution that address the root cause of the issue and not preventing the symptoms as addressing the symptom will likely cause the issue to reappear elsewhere.

Make sure you test the solutions to ensure they are effective in addressing the root cause, you should then continue to monitor the process over time to confirm the problem did not reappear in the same place or elsewhere.

If the problem does not re appear congratulations you have solved the problem!

An Example of 5 Whys Analysis

Below is a good example of a 5 Whys analysis done in a situation where there was a production downtime.

To summarize, the 5 Whys process is an effective problem-solving tool that can assist businesses in identifying the root cause of a problem and developing effective solutions. Teams can delve deep into underlying issues and develop targeted solutions that address the root cause of the problem by asking “why” multiple times.

The five steps of the 5 Whys process – defining the problem, asking “why” once, asking “why” more times, developing a solution, implementing the solution, provide a clear framework for problem-solving and can help ensure that the problem is effectively resolved. The 5 Whys process encourages teams to think critically and systematically, resulting in long-term solutions that are effective, targeted, and sustainable.

Benjamin, S.J., Marathamuthu, M.S. and Murugaiah, U., 2015. The use of 5-WHYs technique to eliminate OEE’s speed loss in a manufacturing firm. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering , 21 (4), pp.419-435.

A: The 5 Whys technique is a problem-solving method that involves asking “why” multiple times to uncover the root cause of a problem or issue.

A: The 5 Whys technique involves repeatedly asking “why” to identify the underlying cause of a problem. After asking “why” five times or until the root cause is revealed, you can develop effective solutions to address the issue.

A: The primary purpose of the 5 Whys technique is to identify and address the root cause of a problem. It helps organizations and individuals go beyond surface-level symptoms and understand the deeper issues affecting their processes or systems.

A: The 5 Whys technique is best used when you encounter a problem or issue that needs to be resolved. It is particularly useful for complex problems, recurring issues, or situations where multiple factors contribute to the problem.

A: Yes, the 5 Whys technique can be applied to any industry or field. It is commonly used in manufacturing, engineering, healthcare, software development, project management, and various other sectors.

A: While the technique is called the “5 Whys,” the number of “whys” you need to ask may vary. The goal is to keep asking “why” until you reach the root cause of the problem, which may require more or fewer than five iterations.

A: Yes, there are a few limitations to consider when using the 5 Whys technique. It relies on the skill and knowledge of the people involved, and it may oversimplify complex problems. Additionally, it assumes a linear cause-and-effect relationship, which may not always be accurate.

A: Yes, the 5 Whys technique can be used in a group setting. In fact, involving multiple perspectives can enhance the effectiveness of the technique and lead to more comprehensive problem-solving.

Daniel Croft is a seasoned continuous improvement manager with a Black Belt in Lean Six Sigma. With over 10 years of real-world application experience across diverse sectors, Daniel has a passion for optimizing processes and fostering a culture of efficiency. He's not just a practitioner but also an avid learner, constantly seeking to expand his knowledge. Outside of his professional life, Daniel has a keen Investing, statistics and knowledge-sharing, which led him to create the website learnleansigma.com, a platform dedicated to Lean Six Sigma and process improvement insights.

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What is the 5 Whys framework?

Use the 5 whys to transform your problem-solving approach.

The 5 Whys framework is a problem-solving technique used to identify the root cause of a problem . It’s a simple but powerful way to uncover the underlying reasons behind a problem by asking the question “why” repeatedly. By doing so, you can delve beyond the symptoms and surface-level causes of a problem and reach the fundamental cause that is contributing to the issue. And by addressing the root cause, you have a better chance of implementing effective solutions and preventing the problem from recurring.

Dive into the 5 Whys: Origins, basics, and benefits

Let's demystify the 5 Whys and discover:

What is it?

How does it help identify the root cause of problems?

How does it lead to more effective resolutions?

We'll highlight the benefits that it brings to the table after we provide you with the origins.

Origins of the 5 Whys: From Toyota to today

The 5 Whys technique, a cornerstone in the Toyota Production System, was initially employed to zero in on the root cause of manufacturing issues. The ultimate aim of the approach was to eliminate waste, increase efficiency, and improve quality in manufacturing processes.

With applications beyond the realm of manufacturing, many different industries have adopted the 5 Whys technique over time, demonstrating its powerful ability to drill down to the heart of problems.

Potential of the 5 Whys: Benefits and impact

Incorporating the 5 Whys technique into your problem-solving arsenal brings many benefits, including enhanced efficiency and amplified productivity. It also fosters a proactive problem-solving attitude within your team.

Using the 5 Whys approach is especially beneficial as it hones in on the root cause of issue, which helps prevent its recurrence in the future. By taking corrective actions at the source, businesses can avoid repeatedly dealing with the same issue.

Mastering the 5 Whys: Step-by-step guide

Embarking on a 5 Whys journey is akin to mining for gold — digging through layers to unearth the precious nugget — the root cause of your problem.

Here's your step-by-step guide to ensure a successful excavation with the 5 Whys template .

Step 1: State your problem

Your journey with the 5 Whys begins by clearly stating your problem. This crucial first step lays the groundwork for the entire analysis.

Step 2: Ask your first Why?

Now it's time to get to work. With your problem defined, pose your first "Why" question. The question should address the problem you've just stated.

Step 3: Probe deeper with more Whys

Don't stop there! Keep probing with more "Why" questions. Each question should be a response to the previous answer. Per the classic technique, you'll typically ask five times. Remember, the goal is to dig deeper into the root cause.

Step 4: Unearth the root cause

You'll know you've hit the root cause when your "Why" questions no longer produce meaningful responses. More than likely, you’ve found the core issue that, if addressed, will prevent the problem from recurring.

Step 5: Develop and implement your solution

It's time to take action with the root cause in your sights. Develop a solution that tackles the root cause directly rather than just dealing with surface-level symptoms. And remember, the proof is in the pudding. Implement your solution and observe the effects.

5 Whys in action: Real-world applications and examples

To truly appreciate the 5 Whys, you have to see it in action. We'll explore how the 5 Whys technique is used for root cause analysis in UX Design by delving into a detailed example, demonstrating how to navigate user experience challenges.

UX Design case study: Navigating user experience challenges

Let's take a hypothetical scenario where we encounter a UX Design problem that'll benefit from using the 5 Whys method.

Initial problem : Our latest app design needs to improve user navigation.

Application of the 5 Whys method:

Why is navigation difficult? Users need help finding the search function.

Why are users having trouble finding the search function? The search function needs to be more easily visible.

Why isn't the search function easily visual? Because it's located within a menu, not on the main screen.

Why is it placed on a menu? We wanted to keep the main screen uncluttered.

Why'd we want to keep the main screen uncluttered? It'd enhance the user experience.

Solution implemented: We added a prominent search bar on the app's main screen.

Outcome: user complaints about navigational difficulties were reduced by 50%, leading to an increase in app usage and user satisfaction

Software development: Debugging with precision

For developers, the 5 Whys is a powerful tool for debugging. Let's walk through a hypothetical situation where code goes rogue.

Problem statement:

A recently launched app crashes whenever users try to sign up.

Question: Why does the app crash when users try to sign up?

Answer: Because there's an unhandled exception in the sign-up module

Second Why?

Q: Why is there an unhandled exception in the sign-up module?

A: Because it doesn't handle a case where a new user's email is already in the database.

Q: Why doesn't it handle the case where a new user's email is already in the database?

A: Because there's a missing condition, check for duplicate emails in the code.

By identifying and fixing these common missteps and pitfalls, you'll enhance your usage of the 5 Whys technique. This'll lead to precise root cause detection and practical solutions that address the issues.

Amplifying the 5 Whys with Fishbone Diagrams

You can amplify the 5 Whys by pairing it with a fishbone diagram , also known as the Ishikawa Diagram. This combination enhances problem-solving by mapping cause-and-effect relationships, aiding understanding and decision-making in complex projects.

To combine these methodologies, start by creating a fishbone diagram and map the different categories related to the main problem and their potential causes. For each potential cause, use the 5 Whys technique to explore the underlying reasons and identify the root cause for each branch on the diagram. The 5 Whys analysis will help you to challenge assumptions and discover the fundamental reasons driving each cause in a structured manner.

Miro has an easy-to-customize fishbone diagram template that can help you get started.

Perfecting your 5 Whys approach

To fully harness the power of the 5 Whys, it's crucial to adopt best practices and dodge common pitfalls.

Follow these best practices to perfect your use of the 5 Whys:

Be consistent

Consistency in the 5 Whys lies in persistent probing. Don't stop at initial reasons — repeatedly maintain your Why inquiries. This diligent uncovering of layers helps reveal the root cause.

Beware of assumptions

Assumptions can compromise the 5 Whys effectiveness. Stay on path and validate each Why with data. This grounding ensures your conclusions are fact-based, not assumption-driven.

Keep the big picture in mind

It's crucial to zero in on the problem, but don't let this tunnel vision distract you from the broader perspective. Effective solutions shouldn't only tackle the immediate problem, but they should also seamlessly blend with your overarching objectives and strategies.

Discover more

5 Whys: Examples, explanations, and how to find the causes of problems

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What is a cause and analysis diagram?

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The five whys method: how to unlock innovative ideas

July 13, 2023 by MindManager Blog

In this article, we’ll delve into the powerful method of the five whys, which seamlessly combines brainstorming and problem-solving techniques . Find out how this method can help you determine the reasons behind problems, untangle issues, and devise clever solutions.

What is the five whys root cause analysis?

The five whys root cause analysis is a problem-solving technique used to identify the causes of an issue by asking, “Why?” repeatedly. It aims to uncover factors contributing to a problem rather than addressing surface-level details.

The process involves starting with a problem statement and asking “Why?” to understand the immediate cause. The answer to the first “Why?” is then used to ask the second “Why?”. This recurring questioning continues until you reach the root cause of the problem or until it is no longer productive.

The five whys method is used to dig deeper into a problem. By repeatedly asking “Why?” you can uncover apparent causes and less obvious factors contributing to the issue.

Why use the five whys method?

The five whys approach is effective for several reasons:

It promotes a thorough investigation of the problem, preventing rash conclusions and superficial explanations.
It encourages you to investigate underlying causes rather than surface level ideas. This helps you to address the problem at its core and leads to more effective and sustainable solutions.
It stimulates critical thinking and analysis because it requires individuals to think objectively about each answer to determine if it’s a symptom or a real cause. This mindset helps find the root causes and prevent the problem from reoccurring.
It facilitates learning and continuous improvement. By understanding the problem in full, organizations can enforce targeted actions. This improves processes, systems, and decision-making to prevent similar issues in the future.

Overall, the five whys root cause analysis is a powerful tool for problem-solving. By promoting detailed investigation, critical thinking, and learning, the method helps to develop effective strategies for improvement.

The five whys method in ten steps

The five whys methodology typically requires a team of individuals with diverse expertise and perspectives. This can include stakeholders, subject matter experts, and individuals responsible for enforcing the solutions.

The result of the five whys method is the ability to label a problem’s root cause and create a road map for action. By addressing the root cause, the five whys technique also prevents se recurrence of the problem, improve processes, and foster a culture of continuous improvement within the organization.

The key steps in the five whys methodology are as follows:

Step 1: State the problem

Clearly articulate the problem or issue that needs to be addressed.

Step 2: Build a team of brainstormers

Gather a cross-functional team of individuals with knowledge and experience related to the problem.

Step 3: Ask “Why?” at least five times

Begin by asking why the problem occurred, and then continue asking “Why?” for each successive answer, delving deeper into the causes of the problem. Aim to reach the root cause by the fifth “Why?”.

Step 4: Analyze, examine, and brainstorm

Once the team identifies the root cause, analyze it and brainstorm to explore potential solutions.

Step 5: Confirm the root cause of the issue

Validate the identified root cause by assessing its alignment with the problem and the available evidence. Ensure that it is a genuine cause and not just a symptom.

Step 6: Enforce corrective actions

Develop and implement appropriate corrective actions that directly address the root cause. These actions should prevent the problem from recurring.

Step 7: Monitor, observe, and evaluate the results

Continuously monitor the effectiveness of the implemented solutions and assess their impact on resolving the problem.

Step 8: Revise and repeat

If the problem persists or new issues arise, repeat the five whys process to reassess and adjust the analysis and solutions accordingly.

Step 9: Communicate and document your findings

Maintain clear communication within the team and document the problem, root cause, and implemented solutions for future reference and organizational learning.

Step 10: Encourage continuous improvement

Encourage a culture of ongoing problem-solving and learning within the organization. Use the five whys process insights to improve processes, systems, and decision-making.

Five whys example: Identifying a root cause problem

As stated, the five whys method helps identify the root cause of an issue. In this example, the five whys help a team get to the bottom of a production problem.

The problem : The production line in a manufacturing company is experiencing frequent breakdowns, leading to delays and reduced productivity. The team uses the five whys to understand the problem from the inside out.

Q: Why did the production line break down?

A: Because a critical machine overheated and shut down.

Q: Why did the machine overheat and shut down?

A: Because the cooling system failed to function properly.

Q: Why did the cooling system fail to function properly?

A: Because the coolant levels were consistently low.

Q: Why were the coolant levels consistently low?

A: Because there was a leak in the coolant reservoir.

Q: Why was there a leak in the coolant reservoir?

A: Because the reservoir was damaged due to improper maintenance.

Root Cause : The root cause of the production line breakdown is the lack of proper maintenance, resulting in a damaged coolant reservoir and a coolant leakage.

Based on this analysis, the company can now focus on implementing corrective actions that address the root cause. This may involve improving the maintenance schedule, conducting regular inspections, and repairing or replacing damaged equipment.

By addressing the root cause, the company can prevent future breakdowns and improve the overall efficiency and productivity of the production line.

Five whys example: Brainstorming a solution

The five whys technique can be used to brainstorm to find the best solution to a problem. Below is a brainstorming example of how the five whys can be used:

Problem : The sales of a new product have been declining rapidly. The team uses the five why method to brainstorm and find a solution.

Q: Why are the sales of the new product declining?

A: Because customers are finding the price too high compared to similar products in the market.

Q: Why do customers find the price too high?

A: Because they perceive the value provided by the product to be lower than its price.

Q: Why do customers perceive the value to be low?

A: Because the product lacks certain features that competitors’ products offer.

Q: Why does the product lack those features?

A: Because the development team did not conduct thorough market research to identify customer needs and preferences.

Q: Why didn’t the development team conduct thorough market research?

A: Because there was a lack of resources and time allocated for proper market analysis.

Solution : Based on the five whys analysis, increasing sales of the new product could involve the following:

Conducting comprehensive market research to identify customer needs and preferences.
Incorporating the missing features that competitors’ products offer.
Reevaluating the pricing strategy to align with the perceived value of customers.
Allocating adequate resources and time for market analysis and product development.

By addressing these solutions, the company can improve the product’s competitiveness, better meet customer expectations, and potentially increase sales.

The five whys method helps in brainstorming by revealing the underlying causes and guiding the identification of appropriate solutions.

The five whys tips checklist

If you’re looking to use the five whys method for brainstorming or solving a problem, use these tips to help:

Dig deeper with “How?”. In addition to repeatedly asking “Why?”, incorporate “How?” questions to explore the process that led to the problem.
Encourage participation from all team members. Ensure that all team members have an opportunity to add their insights and perspectives.
Avoid assigning blame. The method is not about finding fault or blaming individuals. Instead, focus on understanding the systemic causes and identifying solutions collaboratively.
Use visual aids. Utilize visual aids such as flowcharts, diagrams, or mind maps to visualize cause-and-effect relationships.
Seek outside perspectives. If necessary, involve external experts or advisors who can provide fresh insights and challenge existing ideas.
Consider multiple root causes. Be open to the possibility that there may not be a definitive root cause. Explore multiple causes to gain a complete understanding.

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Elevate your ideation sessions and maximize your team’s potential. Sign up for a free trial now and unleash the power of the five whys brainstorming method with MindManager!

Five whys frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Below are three commonly asked questions about the five whys technique and how you and your team can use it to solve problems.

What is the five whys root cause analysis?

The five whys root cause analysis is a method that involves asking “Why?” over and over to uncover the underlying cause of a problem.

By continuously diving deeper into the causes, you can identify the actual root cause and provide insights for problem-solving and preventive measures.

What are the key steps in the five whys method?

The ten key steps in the five whys method include:

State the problem.
Build a team of brainstormers.
Ask “Why” at least five times.
Analyze, examine, and brainstorm.
Confirm the root cause of the issue.
Enforce corrective actions.
Monitor, observe, and evaluate the results.
Revise and repeat.
Communicate and document your findings.
Encourage continuous improvement.

What types of problems can five whys help solve?

The five whys method can help solve various problems across many domains. It is particularly effective for addressing complex or recurring issues that require deeper understanding and systematic problem-solving.

It can be applied to problems related to:

Product defects
Process inefficiencies
Customer complaints
Service failures
Project delays
Interpersonal conflicts.

By identifying the underlying causes and root issues, the five whys method enables organizations to implement targeted solutions and prevent the problems from recurring.

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Root Cause Analysis – The 5 Whys Technique

This elementary and often effective approach to problem-solving promotes deep thinking through questioning, and can be adapted quickly and applied to most problems. For example, asking “Why?” may be a favorite technique of your three-year-old child in driving you crazy, but it could teach you a valuable problem-solving technique.

“If you don’t ask the right questions, you don’t get the right answers. A question asked in the right way often points to its answer. Asking questions is the ABC of diagnosis. Only the inquiring mind solves problems.” – Edward Hodnett

The “5 Whys” is a simple problem-solving technique that helps you to get to the root of a problem quickly, which was originally developed by Sakichi Toyota. It was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System.

How to Conduct 5 Whys Analysis?

When you’re looking to solve a problem, start at the result and work backward (toward the root cause), continually asking: “Why?” You’ll need to repeat this over and over until the root cause of the problem becomes apparent.

The 5 Whys strategy involves looking at any problem and asking: “Why?” and “What caused this problem?” Very often, the answer to the first “why” will prompt another “why” and the answer to the second “why” will prompt another and so on; hence the name the 5 Whys strategy.

The 5 Whys exercise is vastly improved when applied by a team and there are five basic steps to conducting it:

Write down the specific problem. Writing the issue helps you formalize the problem and describe it completely. It also helps a team focus on the same problem.
Ask “Why” the problem happens and write the answer down below the problem.
If the answer you just provided doesn’t identify the root cause of the problem that you wrote down in Step 1, ask “Why” again and write that answer down.
Loopback to step 3 until the team is in agreement that the problem’s root cause is identified. Again, this may take fewer or more times than five Whys.
After settling on the most probable root cause of the problem and obtaining confirmation of the logic behind the analysis, develop appropriate corrective actions to remove the root cause from the system.

Edit this Diagram

5 Whys Example

The vehicle will not start. (The problem)

Why? – The battery is dead. (First why)
Why? – The alternator is not functioning. (Second why)
Why? – The alternator belt has broken. (Third why)
Why? – The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced. (Fourth why)
Why? – The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule. (Fifth why, a root cause)

Note: A 5 Whys analysis sometime could be taken further to a sixth, seventh, or higher level, but five iterations of asking why are generally sufficient to get to a root cause.

5-Whys Criticisms

Here are each of the criticisms as listed on the Wikipedia:

Stopping at symptoms, not the root cause
Limited by the investigator’s knowledge.
Not asking the right Why questions.
Not repeatable – Different people build different 5 Whys.
The tendency to isolate a single root cause

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The 5 Whys Approach for Root-Cause Analysis: Definition, Example, and Template

Fahad Usmani, PMP

February 4, 2024

You often face a problem and conduct a simple brainstorming session to find a solution. You find the solution and implement it, but a little later, the problem resurfaces again with probably more intensity.

Such problems require a more in-depth analysis to find the root causes of the problems and tackle them permanently. The 5 Whys Approach (often referred to as “5Y”) is useful when finding solutions for recurring or difficult problems.

Today’s article will discuss the 5 Whys Approach and provide examples and templates.

Historical Background of the 5 Whys Approach

The 5 Whys Approach was developed by the Toyota Motor Corporation and popularized in the 1930s by Sakichi Toyoda, a Japanese industrialist and creator of Toyota Industries. Taiichi Ohno was also one of the founders of the technique. In Ohno’s book, Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production, he said, “By saying ‘why’ 5 times, the essence of the issue and its solution become evident.”

It evolved and became more popular in the 1970s.

Toyota follows a “go and see” philosophy, where they make decisions based on an in-depth understanding of what is “really” happening on the shop floor rather than someone sitting in the meeting room and assuming what might have happened.

The 5 Why technique follows this philosophy, and it is the most effective when you get answers from people who have experience with the issues or the problem at hand.

What is the 5 Whys Approach?

The 5 Whys Approach is a problem-solving technique that helps identify the root cause of an issue by asking “why” 5 times to dive deeper into the layers of the problem.

The 5 Whys Approach is useful in all industries. A study published in the International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences shows how the 5 Whys Approach reduces defects and improves overall quality. The iterative nature of the questioning process helps uncover underlying issues rather than just addressing surface-level symptoms.

By continuously asking “Why?” 5 times, you can get to the source of the problem.

The 5 Hows technique then identifies a solution to the fundamental cause(s). The 5 Whys and 5 Hows are mutually beneficial. You find the root cause using the 5 whys approach, and then you find the solution with the 5 Hows method.

The 5 Whys and 5 Hows technique can help you get to the bottom of a problem and find a solution.

The 5 Whys dig into the issue, and the 5 Hows are used to flesh out the solution.

When Can You Use the 5 Whys Approach?

You can use the 5 Whys Approach when you have recurring problems. You can also use it to improve product and/or process quality.

This technique is useful for simple to moderate problems or issues as the 5 Why technique leads to a single cause, though a complex problem may have multiple root causes. In such situations, you can use other techniques such as cause and effect analysis , failure mode and effect analysis, etc.

The 5 Whys Approach is a straightforward, adaptable strategy. Even on the first try, you can uncover the root cause swiftly. You should use this method before using more advanced techniques.

As this technique requires time, you should use this method for the problems that affect the project most. You can use Pareto analysis to separate the most recurring issues, then use the 5 Whys Approach to identify a solution to these pressing concerns.

You can use this technique with any framework or methodology. You can use it in project management , lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, etc.

How to Use the 5 Whys Approach

Use the following steps to conduct the 5 Whys Approach :

1. Gather the Experts and Explain the Problem

Bring in people involved with the problem or issue for a brainstorming session. If you are not involved with the problem, get involved before participating in the session. You should also invite some experts who have experience solving similar problems.

Define the problem, write it on a whiteboard or a sheet of paper. Make sure that it is a straightforward problem statement , then write “why” 5 times vertically. Leave enough space between two whys, so you can write questions around them.

2. Ask the First “Why”

Ask the attendees why the problem occurred in the first place. Ensure that the attendees provide factual answers. Don’t allow participants to express their opinions or thoughts.

The attendees should only answer what has happened. This ensures that your assumptions are not included in the problem. This stops collecting a vast number of answers and stops becoming a process of guessing.

Record answers around the first “why.”

3. Ask “Why” Four More Times

You will turn the answer received in the first “why” to a “why” question and ask participants to answer this why again.

You can add why to the answer received from the previous response to make it another “Why.”

4. Stop When the Root Cause is Discovered

When you receive a satisfactory response or the root cause of the problem, there is no need to ask more whys, as it will waste your time.

For example, if you find the root cause of the problem after three whys, don’t go for the fourth why.

If you find more than one cause for the problem, do the same for different branches until you find the root cause for each reason.

The number 5 in 5 Whys is only a rule of thumb . You will often need to stop on the third or fourth why, and sometimes you may need more than 5 whys. As you continue the process, you will know when it is the right time to stop.

5. Determine and Implement Corrective Actions

After identifying the root cause(s), conduct another brainstorming session . You should list approved corrective activities to eradicate the issue’s root cause. You can use the 5 Hows method to figure out the answer. For example, “How can this problem be avoided?” Continue to ask “how” until you find a solution that eliminates the root cause.

6. Monitor the Solution

After implementing the solution, you must monitor it to ensure the solution is effective and the problem is solved entirely. Based on the feedback from the shop floor workers, you can update or modify the solution to make it more robust.

5 Whys Template

Below is an example template for the 5 Whys Approach.

5 Whys Approach Examples

Let’s review the 5 Whys examples to understand this technique better.

Problem Statement

The client declined to pay the interim payment.

Why does the client refuse to make the advanced payment?

We didn’t finish the activities on time.

Why didn’t we finish the activity on time?

Because the action took longer than expected.

What led to the action taking longer than expected?

First, we didn’t have enough materials for the exercise.

Why didn’t we have enough supplies with us?

We didn’t buy the materials in time.

Why didn’t we buy the materials sooner?

We didn’t look at the job timetable.

Failure to analyze the job timetable is the root cause of the problem.

Corrective Actions

To minimize the lack of communication and coordination, the project team should establish strong communication channels and hold regular progress meetings.

Problem Statement

Children don’t go outside to play

Benefits of the 5 Whys Approach

They encourage each team member to submit suggestions for ongoing improvements.
They are a highly effective, easy-to-use tool.
They allow you to find the root cause of the problem instead of its symptoms.
They avoid acting before you determine whether you’ve found the root cause of the problem.
They create a culture that values continual improvements.

Limitations of the 5 Whys Approach

The following are a few limitations of the 5 whys approach:

This technique often oversimplifies complex issues, thus leading to a superficial understanding of the problem.
This technique depends on the quality of the questions. If the questions are not good enough, the analysis may not provide an effective solution.
This exercise can become a blame game if it is not approached with a collaborative, non-judgmental mindset.
The 5 Whys are ineffective when dealing with problems that have multiple, interrelated causes.

Q1: What is the 5 Whys Approach?

The 5 Whys Approach is a problem-solving technique that asks “why” repeatedly to get to the root cause of an issue. It helps find the underlying factors contributing to a problem rather than just addressing the symptoms.

Q2: How does the 5 Whys Approach work?

The technique involves asking “why” 5 times in succession to delve deeper into the causes of a problem. Each successive “why” helps identify the immediate cause and pushes towards understanding the fundamental root cause of the issue.

Q3: When should I use the 5 Whys Approach?

The 5 Whys Approach is most effective for addressing recurring problems, complex issues, or situations in which the root cause is not immediately apparent. It’s also valuable for continuous improvement and preventing problems from reoccurring.

The 5 Whys are a problem-solving method to find the root causes of issues. They ask “why” 5 times to dig deeper into problems. They help uncover hidden reasons that allow you to find effective solutions. They are easy to use and can solve various problems, which will prevent them from recurring.

I am Mohammad Fahad Usmani, B.E. PMP, PMI-RMP. I have been blogging on project management topics since 2011. To date, thousands of professionals have passed the PMP exam using my resources.

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Lean Six Sigma 5 Whys - What They Are & How to Use Them [Free Template]

Cody Steele

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What are the 5 Whys?

5 Whys is a Lean Six Sigma technique for refining a problem statement. In different situations, you might apply the technique to identify root causes, testable hypotheses, or to give a clear definition of a problem.

The simple description of 5 Whys root cause analysis is that you ask “Why?” you are having a problem. Then, you answer the question, then ask “Why?” again.

By the time you have asked “Why?” the right amount of times, you should have an idea about how to proceed to solve the problem.

As with many Lean tools , 5 Whys root cause analysis is generally believed to have evolved alongside the rest of the Toyota Production System (TPS). Root Cause Problem Solving (RCPS) encompasses several other tools, such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Ishikawa diagrams (sometimes called fishbone diagrams).

Download your free 5 Whys template

Use this 5 Whys template to get started with your own 5 Whys root cause analysis.

When to use 5 Whys

5 Whys root cause analysis is a useful tool anytime that the statement of a problem does not immediately reveal its solution.

Frequently, the absence of a solution is because the initial problem statement is a symptom of an underlying problem that has not been clearly identified or stated. The 5 Whys root cause analysis gets you to the real problem so that you can identify a real solution.

Simple 5 Whys example

A traditional example of 5 Whys root cause analysis follows a pattern like the following:

Problem: The engine stopped working.

Why did the engine stop working? Because the engine overheated.
Why did the engine overheat? Because the gears weren’t getting enough oil.
Why weren’t the gears getting enough oil? Because the oil pump wasn’t feeding enough oil.
Why wasn’t the pump feeding enough oil? Because the intake was clogged with metal shavings.
Why was the intake clogged? Because the filter was worn out and needs replacing.

Tips for 5 Whys root cause analysis

This simple example illustrates two critical points about succeeding with 5 Whys root cause analysis.

1. Don’t stop too soon

In the simple example, we could see that the engine overheated and decide that the solution is to increase the amount of coolant going to the engine. Asking “Why?” until you reach the root cause is vital.

2. Find a solution

When you’ve identified the root cause, it should suggest a solution to the problem, or at least a hypothesis that you can test. If you don’t have an idea of what to do next, try to keep going.

How to use 5 Whys root cause analysis

Although you can use 5 Whys root cause analysis in both simple and complex situations, you’ll often need to use 5 Whys root cause analysis with difficult problems in complex processes. In such cases, keep in mind the following four principles.

1. Identify an important problem

The Pareto rule suggests the 80/20 relationship . Colloquially stated, 80 percent of your defects come from 20 percent of your problems. Take time to identify the most important problems first and solve those.

2. Work with a team

You might have one or two people who already think that they know how to fix the problem. But if you’re going to do root cause analysis, take care that you get enough people together to find the root cause.

Involve people who work on the process at different levels so that causes that might not occur to one person can arise while you’re looking for the root cause.

3. Broaden your search

In the simple example, there was only one answer to each “Why?” question, but that’s not a requirement. For many processes, especially if you have a diversity of perspectives, you can even arrive at multiple root causes. Capture this thinking in your analysis.

4. Check your work

Review all of your root causes with the team at the end to help identify what you think is most important. Don’t get so wrapped up in the process that you don’t review your results.

Although you’ll have collected a good team to use 5 Whys root cause analysis, that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t get input from other people. If you have access to other resources, get their perspective on your possible root causes and their relative importance before you start to implement a solution.

5 Whys diagram

As your problems and processes become more complex, it’s helpful to have a 5 Whys diagram or 5 Whys template that you can use to get started.

For a complex process or for a problem with many possible root causes, a 5 Whys diagram can become quite large. The point of the process is not to be neat. However, it’s to identify root causes and to help you arrive at solutions. To do that, you need to be thorough in your search. Here’s an example of what a 5 Whys diagram might look like in a moderately complex case:

5 Whys root cause analysis is only one way to do root cause analysis and only one of many tools that can help you get the most from your projects and processes.

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The Power of the Five Whys: Drilling Down to Effectively Problem-Solve

What is the “5 whys” method, the power of asking “why”, when the 5 whys should be used, how to utilize the 5 whys technique, five whys examples, other ways of improving problem-solving.

It’s a fact of life that things don’t always go according to plan. When facing mistakes or challenges, asking “why”—especially if you do it repeatedly—can help uncover deeper layers of understanding so you can identify potential solutions.

The question “why” can be used in problem-solving as a powerful technique that helps us dig deeper, challenge assumptions, and think critically. After all, if you’re not sure why a problem exists in the first place, it’s very difficult to solve it.

The “Five Whys” method (also called “5 Whys Root Cause Analysis”) can specifically help in examining beliefs, behaviors, and patterns to shine a light on areas for improvement. The Five Whys have other benefits too, including encouraging collaboration and communication since this strategy promotes open dialogue among team members or partners. It also helps generate effective and lasting solutions that can prevent similar issues from resurfacing in the future.

In this article, learn how to use the Five Whys to save yourself or your company from wasting time and money and to address important issues at their source before they escalate.

The “Five Whys” is a technique commonly used in problem-solving to find the root causes of problems . This type of analysis can be applied to various situations, including within companies and relationships, to gain deeper insights and understandings of challenges and obstacles. The method involves “drilling down” by repeatedly asking “why”—typically five times or more—to get to the underlying causes or motivations behind a particular issue. Overall, it’s a way to figure out causes and effects related to a situation so that solutions can be uncovered.

“Effective problem solving can help organizations improve in every area of their business, including product quality, client satisfaction, and finances.” Jamie Birt , Career Coach

Here are a few reasons why asking “why,” or practicing the Five Whys, is important in problem-solving:

Identifies underlying issues and root causes: Repeatedly asking “why” helps peel back the layers of a problem to get closer to the heart of what’s not working well. The goal is to define the real issue at hand to address its underlying causes. Understanding root causes is crucial because it enables you to address issues at their source rather than simply dealing with surface-level effects.
Promotes critical thinking: Critical thinking refers to the process of objectively and analytically evaluating information, arguments, or situations. To engage in critical thinking and analysis, we need to ask “why,” usually over and over again. This encourages us to develop a more nuanced understanding of a problem by evaluating different factors, examining relationships, and considering different perspectives. Doing so helps lead to well-reasoned judgments and informed decisions.
Uncovers assumptions: The opposite of assuming something is remaining open-minded and curious about it. Albert Einstein once said , “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.” Asking “why” prompts you to challenge preconceived notions you may not even realize you have. Often, we make assumptions about a problem or its causes without having all the information we need. By gaining a fresh perspective, we can consider alternative solutions.
Generates insights: The Five Whys can lead to valuable discoveries and potential fixes by uncovering hidden connections. These insights can guide us toward innovative solutions that prevent similar problems from worsening or happening again.

“Curiosity has been identified as a characteristic of high-performing salespeople, and having a tool and system that fosters curiosity in your team is extremely helpful.” Alexander Young, Forbes

Any time a problem needs to be clarified and solved, the Five Whys can help. This flexible technique can be adapted to different situations, including personal and professional ones. For example, it’s useful when there are complications within businesses that are causing a loss of profits or when arguments occur among family members or partners. Eric Ries from Harvard Business Review points out that start-ups can especially benefit from the Five Whys to test and refine procedures, ideas, products, and processes.

To get the most out of the Five Whys, include people with personal knowledge of the problem, processes, and systems involved in the analysis, such as employees and customers. This means that if a leadership team, for example, wants to use the Five Whys to improve customer engagement, actual customers and customer service representatives would be ideal people to include in the discussion.

Here are examples of situations in which the Five Whys can be utilized:

Troubleshooting business processes or operations issues, such as delivery or customer service concerns.
Identifying the reasons behind personal challenges or recurring problems, such as disputes between bosses and employees.
Analyzing project failures or setbacks, such as missed deadlines, to find underlying causes.
Understanding customer complaints or dissatisfaction to improve products or services.
Improving communication, teamwork, and client relationships.

Sakichi Toyoda (1867–1930) was a Japanese inventor and industrialist known for his business ventures, including founding the Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyoda is credited with developing the Five Whys method in the 1930s, which he used to support continuous improvement within his companies .

For example, within Toyota Production System (TPS), key goals included eliminating waste, improving efficiency, and ensuring quality. Toyoda used the Five Whys to identify problems within his company and to find ways to resolve them to improve production and customer satisfaction. He once stated , “By repeating why five times, the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear.”

“The beauty of the [Five Whys] tool is in its simplicity. Not only is it universally applicable, it also ensures that you don’t move to action straight away without fully considering whether the reason you’ve identified really is the cause of the problem.” Think Design

The Five Whys works by drilling down to a main underlying cause. The answer to the first “why” should prompt another “why,” and then the answer to the second “why” should continue to prompt more “whys” until a root cause is identified.

Follow these steps to implement the Five Whys:

1. Identify the Initial Problem: Clearly define the problem you want to address. Be specific, such as by including details that help with the analysis. Make sure to clearly articulate the issue by breaking it down into smaller components to ensure everyone involved has a thorough understanding of the situation.

2. Ask “Why?”: Start by asking why the problem occurred. Answer your own question. The answer becomes the basis for the next “why” question.

3. Repeat the Process Five or More Times: Continue asking “why” about the previous answer, iterating at least five times or until you reach a point where the root cause of the problem becomes apparent.

4. Analyze and Take Action: Once you have identified the root cause, analyze potential solutions and take appropriate action.

Here’s a template that you can use to make the process simple:

Problem Statement: (One sentence description of the main problem)

Why is the problem happening? (Insert answer)
Why is the answer above happening? (Insert answer)

Root Cause(s)

To test if the root cause is correct, ask yourself the following: “If you removed this root cause, would this problem be resolved?”

Potential Solutions:

List one or more ways you can resolve the root cause of the problem.

The Five Whys method is not a rigid rule but rather a flexible framework that can be adjusted based on the complexity of the problem. You may need to ask “why” only three times or more than five times, such as 7 to 9 times, to nail down the main underlying cause. It’s not the exact amount of “whys” you ask that matters, more so that you’re really investigating the situation and getting to the root of the issue.

Here are two examples of how the Five Whys technique can be used to problem-solve:

Example 1: Machine Breakdown

Problem Statement: A machine in a manufacturing facility keeps breaking down.
Why did the machine break down? The motor overheated.
Why did the motor overheat? The cooling system failed.
Why did the cooling system fail? The coolant pump malfunctioned.
Why did the coolant pump malfunction? It wasn’t properly maintained.
Why wasn’t the coolant pump properly maintained? There was no regular maintenance schedule in place.
Root Cause: The lack of a regular maintenance schedule led to the coolant pump malfunction and subsequent machine breakdown.
Solution: Implement a scheduled maintenance program for all machines to ensure proper upkeep and prevent breakdowns.

Example 2: Orders Not Being Fulfilled On Time

Problem Statement: The order fulfillment process in an e-commerce company is experiencing delays.
Why are there delays in the order fulfillment process? The warehouse staff is spending excessive time searching for products.
Why are they spending excessive time searching for products? The products are not organized efficiently in the warehouse.
Why are the products not organized efficiently? There is no standardized labeling system for product placement.
Why is there no standardized labeling system? The inventory management software does not support it.
Why doesn’t the inventory management software support a labeling system? The current software version is outdated and lacks the necessary features.
Root Cause: The use of outdated inventory management software lacking labeling functionality leads to inefficient product organization and delays in the order fulfillment process.
Solution: Upgrade the inventory management software to a newer version that supports a standardized labeling system, improving product organization and streamlining the order fulfillment process.

“Great leaders are, at their core, great problem-solvers. They take proactive measures to avoid conflicts and address issues when they arise.” Alison Griswold , Business and Economics Writer

Problem-solving is a skill that can be developed and improved over time. The Five Whys method is most effective when used in conjunction with other problem-solving tools and when utilized in a collaborative environment that encourages open communication and a willingness to honestly explore underlying causes. For the method to work well, “radical candor” needs to be utilized, and constructive feedback needs to be accepted.

Here are other strategies to assist in problem-solving, most of which can be used alongside the Five Whys:

Gather and analyze information: Collect relevant data, facts, and information related to the problem. This could involve conducting research, talking to experts, or analyzing past experiences. Examine the information you’ve gathered and identify patterns, connections, and potential causes of the problem. Look for underlying factors and consider both the immediate and long-term implications.
Have a brainstorming session: Collaborate with colleagues, seek advice from experts, or gather input from stakeholders. Different perspectives can bring fresh ideas. Gather a group of teammates and get out a whiteboard and a marker. Create a list of opportunities or problems and potential solutions. Encourage creativity and think outside the box. Consider different perspectives and approaches.
Draw a cause-and-effect diagram: Make a chart with three columns, one each for challenges, causes, and effects. Use this to come up with solutions, then assess the pros and cons of each potential solution by considering the feasibility, potential risks, and benefits associated with each option.
Develop an action plan: Once you’ve selected the best solution(s), create a detailed action plan. Define the steps required to implement the solution, set timelines, and then track your progress.

Want to learn more about problem-solving using critical thinking? Check out this article:

Use Critical Thinking Skills to Excel at Problem-Solving

Leaders Media has established sourcing guidelines and relies on relevant, and credible sources for the data, facts, and expert insights and analysis we reference. You can learn more about our mission, ethics, and how we cite sources in our editorial policy .

American Institute of Physics. Albert Einstein Image and Impact . History Exhibit. https://history.aip.org/exhibits/einstein/ae77.htm
Indeed. 5 Whys Example: A Powerful Problem-Solving Tool for Career Development. Indeed Career Guide. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/5-whys-example
Entrepreneur. 3 Steps to Creating a Culture of Problem Solvers . Entrepreneur – Leadership. https://www.entrepreneur.com/leadership/3-steps-to-creating-a-culture-of-problem-solvers/436071
Harvard Business Review. (2010, April). The Five Whys for Startups. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2010/04/the-five-whys-for-startups
Forbes. (2021, June 7). Understanding The Five Whys: How To Successfully Integrate This Tool Into Your Business . Forbes – Entrepreneurs. https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2021/06/07/understanding-the-five-whys-how-to-successfully-integrate-this-tool-into-your-business/?sh=5eda43675c18
Think Design. Five Whys: Get to the Root of Any Problem Quickly. Think Design – User Design Research. https://think.design/user-design-research/five-whys
Business Insider. (2013, November). The Problem-Solving Tactics of Great Leaders. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/problem-solving-tactics-of-great-leaders-2013-11

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The 5 Whys is a problem-solving technique used to identify the root cause of a problem by asking "why" five times. Product Glossary 5 Whys Also called: Five Why Analysis, 5 Why Technique, 5 Why Root Cause Analysis, 5 Why Problem Solving, and 5 Why Methodology See also: Assumptions Collection , Fishbone Diagram , Five Whys , Starbursting , Why-How Laddering Relevant metrics: Number of Problems Identified, Number of Root Causes Identified, Number of Solutions Implemented, Number of Problems Resolved, and Time to Resolve Problems In this article 5 Whys: A Problem-Solving Tool for Root Cause Analysis

The 5 Whys is a problem-solving tool used to identify the root cause of a problem. It is a simple yet effective technique that can be used to identify the underlying cause of a problem, allowing for the development of an effective solution. The 5 Whys is a process of asking “why” five times in order to get to the root cause of a problem.

The 5 Whys is a useful tool for problem-solving and root cause analysis. It can be used in a variety of situations, such as when trying to identify the cause of a customer complaint, a production issue, or a quality issue. It can also be used to identify the root cause of a problem in a process or system.

The tool can work very well in identifying the root cause of a problem quickly and efficiently. By asking “why” five times, it allows for a deeper understanding of the problem and its underlying causes. This understanding can then be used to develop an effective solution.

Being useful to quickly identify the root cause of a problem in a variety of situations and in turn develop an effecting solution, it is both simple and effective. Asking “why” five times allows for a deeper understanding of the problem and its underlying causes.

Example of applying the 5 Whys

Where did 5 whys come from.

The term 5 Whys is a problem-solving technique developed by Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of Toyota Motor Corporation. It is a simple yet effective tool used to identify the root cause of a problem. The technique involves asking “why” five times in order to get to the root cause of the problem. The idea is that by asking “why” five times, the problem can be identified and solved more quickly and efficiently. The 5 Whys technique is based on the idea that most problems can be solved by asking “why” five times. This technique is used in many industries, including manufacturing, engineering, and software development. It is also used in the fields of quality management and process improvement.

Applying the 5 Whys Method for Problem-Solving

The premise of the 5 Whys method is that asking “why” five times will lead to the root cause of the problem. Its effectiveness however, depends on the questions you ask. Be thorough, open-minded, consider alle possible causes, and ask questions that are relevant to the problem. Patience can help, as can take time to ask the necessary questions.

Step 1 of the 5 Whys is to identify the problem. This can be done by asking questions such as “What is the problem?” or “What is the issue?”
Step 2 is to ask “Why?” and answer the question. This is done by asking “Why is this happening?” or “What is causing this problem?”
Step 3 is to repeat the process until the root cause is identified. This is done by continuing to ask “Why?” until the underlying cause of the problem is identified.

Benefits of Implementing the 5 Whys

Increased Efficiency . The 5 Whys technique helps to quickly identify the root cause of a problem, allowing teams to focus their efforts on the most effective solutions. This can help to reduce the amount of time and resources spent on solving the issue.
Improved Problem-Solving . By asking “why” five times, teams can gain a better understanding of the underlying cause of a problem. This can help to ensure that the right solutions are implemented, leading to better outcomes.
Improved Communication . The 5 Whys technique encourages teams to communicate more effectively. By asking “why” five times, teams can gain a better understanding of the issue and come to a consensus on the best solution.
Improved Teamwork . The 5 Whys technique encourages teams to work together to identify the root cause of a problem. This can help to foster collaboration and improve team morale.
Improved Quality . By identifying the root cause of a problem, teams can ensure that the right solutions are implemented. This can help to improve the quality of products and services, leading to better customer satisfaction.

Challenges of Implementing the 5 Whys

Time . The process can be time-consuming, as it requires a deep dive into the root cause of a problem. This can be difficult to do in a short amount of time, especially if the problem is complex.
Resources . The right people, data, and tools available might be necessary for the method to be successful. Without the right resources, it can be difficult to discover the rights questions to ask.
Communication . The 5 Whys process requires effective communication between team members to be successful - it is a collaborate method where participants build on each others input.
Focus . The 5 Whys process requires focus and discipline to be successful. Without focus, it can be difficult to get to the root cause of a problem.

The 5 Whys technique is not a substitute for other problem-solving techniques, such as brainstorming or root cause analysis. It should be used in conjunction with other problem-solving techniques to ensure that the root cause of a problem is identified and addressed.

In the early 2000s, Toyota used the 5 Whys technique to identify the root cause of a problem with the accelerator pedal in some of its vehicles. By asking “why” five times, Toyota was able to identify that the problem was caused by a design flaw in the accelerator pedal.

Microsoft used the 5 Whys technique to identify the root cause of a problem with its Windows operating system. By asking “why” five times, Microsoft was able to identify that the problem was caused by a bug in the software code.

Amazon used the 5 Whys technique to identify the root cause of a problem with its online shopping website. By asking “why” five times, Amazon was able to identify that the problem was caused by a design flaw in the website’s user interface.

Apple used the 5 Whys technique to identify the root cause of a problem with its iPhone. By asking “why” five times, Apple was able to identify that the problem was caused by a hardware issue with the phone’s battery.

What is the problem that needs to be solved?
What is the root cause of the problem? Hint The root cause of the problem is the underlying cause of the issue.
What are the potential causes of the problem? Hint The potential causes of the problem could be related to the environment, technology, processes, people, or other factors.
What data or evidence do I have to support my hypothesis? Hint The data or evidence needed to support the hypothesis could include surveys, interviews, observations, or other forms of data collection.
What are the potential solutions to the problem? Hint The potential solutions to the problem could include changes to the environment, technology, processes, people, or other factors.

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7 Problem Solving Skills That Aren’t Just Buzzwords (+ Resume Example)

Julia Mlcuchova ,
Updated April 8, 2024 9 min read

Problem-solving skills are something everybody should include on their resume, yet only a few seem to understand what these skills actually are. If you've always felt that the term "problem-solving skills" is rather vague and wanted to know more, you've come to the right place.

In this article, we're going to explain what problem-solving skills really mean. We'll talk about what makes up good problem-solving skills and give you tips on how to get better at them. You'll also find out how to make your problem-solving abilities look more impressive to those who might want to hire you.

Sounds good, right? Curious to learn more?

In this article we’ll show you:

What are problem solving skills;
Why are they important;
Specific problem solving skills examples;
How to develop your problem solving skills;
And, how to showcase them on your resume.

Click on a section to skip

What are problem solving skills?

Why are problem solving skills important, the best 7 problem solving skills examples, how to develop problem solving skills, problem solving skills resume example, key takeaways: problem solving skills.

First of all, they're more than just a buzzword!

Problem-solving skills are a set of specific abilities that allow you to deal with unexpected situations in the workplace, whether it be job related or team related.

It's a complex process that involves several “sub skills” or “sub steps,” namely:

Recognizing and identifying the issue at hand.
Breaking the problem down into smaller parts and analyzing how they relate to one another.
Creating potential solutions to the problem, evaluating them and picking the best one.
Applying the chosen solution and assessing its outcome.
Learning from the whole process to deal with future problems more effectively.

As you can see, it's not just about solving problems that are right in front of us, but also about predicting potential issues and being prepared to deal with them before they arise.

Despite what you may believe, problem-solving skills aren't just for managers .

Think about it this way: Why do employers hire employees in the first place? To solve problems for them!

And, as we all know, problems don't discriminate. In other words, it doesn't matter whether you're just an intern, an entry-level professional, or a seasoned veteran, you'll constantly face some kind of challenges. And the only difference is in how complex they will get.

This is also reflected in the way employers assess suitability of potential job candidates.

In fact, research shows that the ability to deal with unexpected complications is prioritized by an overwhelming 60% of employers across all industries, making it one of the most compelling skills on your resume.

So, regardless of your job description or your career level, you're always expected to find solutions for problems, either independently or as a part of a team.

And that's precisely what makes problem-solving skills so invaluable and universal !

Wondering how good is your resume?

Find out with our AI Resume Checker! Just upload your resume and see what can be improved.

As we've said before, problem-solving isn't really just one single skill.

Instead, your ability to handle workplace issues with composure depends on several different “sub-skills”.

So, which specific skills make an employee desirable even for the most demanding of recruiters?

In no particular order, you should focus on these 7 skills :

Analytical skills
Research skills
Critical thinking
Decision-making
Collaboration
Having a growth mindset

Let's have a look at each of them in greater detail!

#1 Analytical skills

Firstly, to truly understand complex problems, you need to break them down into more manageable parts . Then, you observe them closely and ask yourself: “ Which parts work and which don't,” How do these parts contribute to the problem as a whole,” and "What exactly needs to be fixed?” In other words, you gather data , you study it, and compare it - all to pinpoint the cause of the issue as closely as possible.

#2 Research skills

Another priceless tool is your research skills (sometimes relying on just one source of information isn't enough). Besides, to make a truly informed decision , you'll have to dig a little deeper. Being a good researcher means looking for potential solutions to a problem in a wider context. For example: going through team reports, customer feedback, quarterly sales or current market trends.

#3 Critical thinking

Every employer wants to hire people who can think critically. Yet, the ability to evaluate situations objectively and from different perspectives , is actually pretty hard to come by. But as long as you stay open-minded, inquisitive, and with a healthy dose of skepticism, you'll be able to assess situations based on facts and evidence more successfully. Plus, critical thinking comes in especially handy when you need to examine your own actions and processes.

#4 Creativity

Instead of following the old established processes that don't work anymore, you should feel comfortable thinking outside the box. The thing is, problems have a nasty habit of popping up unexpectedly and rapidly. And sometimes, you have to get creative in order to solve them fast. Especially those that have no precedence. But this requires a blend of intuition, industry knowledge, and quick thinking - a truly rare combination.

#5 Decision-making

The analysis, research, and brainstorming are done. Now, you need to look at the possible solutions, and make the final decision (informed, of course). And not only that, you also have to stand by it ! Because once the train gets moving, there's no room for second guessing. Also, keep in mind that you need to be prepared to take responsibility for all decisions you make. That's no small feat!

#6 Collaboration

Not every problem you encounter can be solved by yourself alone. And this is especially true when it comes to complex projects. So, being able to actively listen to your colleagues, take their ideas into account, and being respectful of their opinions enables you to solve problems together. Because every individual can offer a unique perspective and skill set. Yes, democracy is hard, but at the end of the day, it's teamwork that makes the corporate world go round.

#7 Having a growth mindset

Let's be honest, no one wants their work to be riddled with problems. But facing constant challenges and changes is inevitable. And that can be scary! However, when you're able to see these situations as opportunities to grow instead of issues that hold you back, your problem solving skills reach new heights. And the employers know that too!

Now that we've shown you the value problem-solving skills can add to your resume, let's ask the all-important question: “How can I learn them?”

Well…you can't. At least not in the traditional sense of the word.

Let us explain: Since problem-solving skills fall under the umbrella of soft skills , they can't be taught through formal education, unlike computer skills for example. There's no university course that you can take and graduate as a professional problem solver.

But, just like other interpersonal skills, they can be nurtured and refined over time through practice and experience.

Unfortunately, there's no one-size-fits-all approach, but the following tips can offer you inspiration on how to improve your problem solving skills:

Cultivate a growth mindset. Remember what we've said before? Your attitude towards obstacles is the first step to unlocking your problem-solving potential.
Gain further knowledge in your specialized field. Secondly, it's a good idea to delve a little deeper into your chosen profession. Because the more you read on a subject, the easier it becomes to spot certain patterns and relations.
Start with small steps. Don't attack the big questions straight away — you'll only set yourself up for failure. Instead, start with more straightforward tasks and work your way up to more complex problems.
Break problems down into more digestible pieces. Complex issues are made up of smaller problems. And those can be further divided into even smaller problems, and so on. Until you're left with only the basics.
Don't settle for a single solution. Instead, keep on exploring other possible answers.
Accept failure as a part of the learning process. Finally, don't let your failures discourage you. After all, you're bound to misstep a couple of times before you find your footing. Just keep on practicing.

How to improve problem solving skills with online courses

While it’s true that formal education won’t turn you into a master problem solver, you can still hone your skills with courses and certifications offered by online learning platforms :

Analytical skills. You can sharpen your analytical skills with Data Analytics Basics for Everyone from IBM provided by edX (Free); or Decision Making and Analytical Thinking: Fortune 500 provided by Udemy (＄21,74).
Creativity. And, to unlock your inner creative mind, you can try Creative Thinking: Techniques and Tools for Success from the Imperial College London provided by Coursera (Free).
Critical thinking. Try Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking Specialization from Duke University provided by Coursera (Free); or Logical and Critical Thinking offered by The University of Auckland via FutureLearn.
Decision-making. Or, you can learn how to become more confident when it's time to make a decision with Decision-Making Strategies and Executive Decision-Making both offered by LinkedIn Learning (1 month free trial).
Communication skills . Lastly, to improve your collaborative skills, check out Communicating for Influence and Impact online at University of Cambridge.

The fact that everybody and their grandmothers put “ problem-solving skills ” on their CVs has turned the phrase into a cliche.

But there's a way to incorporate these skills into your resume without sounding pretentious and empty. Below, we've prepared a mock-up resume that manages to do just that.

FYI, if you like this design, you can use the template to create your very own resume. Just click the red button and fill in your information (or let the AI do it for you).

Problem solving skills on resume example

This resume was written by our experienced resume writers specifically for this profession.

Why this example works?

Firstly, the job description itself is neatly organized into bullet points .
Instead of simply listing soft skills in a skills section , you can incorporate them into the description of your work experience entry.
Also, the language here isn't vague . This resume puts each problem-solving skill into a real-life context by detailing specific situations and obstacles.
And, to highlight the impact of each skill on your previous job position, we recommend quantifying your results whenever possible.
Finally, starting each bullet point with an action verb (in bold) makes you look more dynamic and proactive.

To sum it all up, problem-solving skills continue gaining popularity among employers and employees alike. And for a good reason!

Because of them, you can overcome any obstacles that stand in the way of your professional life more efficiently and systematically.

In essence, problem-solving skills refer to the ability to recognize a challenge, identify its root cause, think of possible solutions , and then implement the most effective one.

Believing that these skills are all the same would be a serious misconception. In reality, this term encompasses a variety of different abilities , including:

In short, understanding, developing, and showcasing these skills, can greatly boost your chances at getting noticed by the hiring managers. So, don't hesitate and start working on your problem-solving skills right now!

Julia has recently joined Kickresume as a career writer. From helping people with their English to get admitted to the uni of their dreams to advising them on how to succeed in the job market. It would seem that her career is on a steadfast trajectory. Julia holds a degree in Anglophone studies from Metropolitan University in Prague, where she also resides. Apart from creative writing and languages, she takes a keen interest in literature and theatre.

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April 10, 2024 • 22:49 Trump’s Abortion Dilemma
April 9, 2024 • 30:48 How Tesla Planted the Seeds for Its Own Potential Downfall
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April 3, 2024 • 27:42 The Accidental Tax Cutter in Chief
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April 1, 2024 • 36:14 Ronna McDaniel, TV News and the Trump Problem
March 29, 2024 • 48:42 Hamas Took Her, and Still Has Her Husband
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March 27, 2024 • 28:06 Democrats’ Plan to Save the Republican House Speaker

How Tesla Planted the Seeds for Its Own Potential Downfall

Elon musk’s factory in china saved his company and made him ultrarich. now, it may backfire..

Hosted by Katrin Bennhold

Featuring Mara Hvistendahl

Produced by Rikki Novetsky and Mooj Zadie

With Rachelle Bonja

Edited by Lisa Chow and Alexandra Leigh Young

Original music by Marion Lozano , Diane Wong , Elisheba Ittoop and Sophia Lanman

Engineered by Chris Wood

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music

When Elon Musk set up Tesla’s factory in China, he made a bet that brought him cheap parts and capable workers — a bet that made him ultrarich and saved his company.

Mara Hvistendahl, an investigative reporter for The Times, explains why, now, that lifeline may have given China the tools to beat Tesla at its own game.

On today’s episode

Mara Hvistendahl , an investigative reporter for The New York Times.

A car is illuminated in purple light on a stage. To the side, Elon Musk is standing behind a lectern.

Background reading

A pivot to China saved Elon Musk. It also bound him to Beijing .

Mr. Musk helped create the Chinese electric vehicle industry. But he is now facing challenges there as well as scrutiny in the West over his reliance on China.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Fact-checking by Susan Lee .

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Katrin Bennhold is the Berlin bureau chief. A former Nieman fellow at Harvard University, she previously reported from London and Paris, covering a range of topics from the rise of populism to gender. More about Katrin Bennhold

Mara Hvistendahl is an investigative reporter for The Times focused on Asia. More about Mara Hvistendahl

Screen Rant

“vindication”: kelsey grammer doubles down on frasier reboot not repeating the original show.

Kelsey Grammer opens up about the Frasier reboot getting renewed for season 2 and doubles down on not doing a repeat of the original show.

Kelsey Grammer feels vindicated with the renewal of Frasier reboot season 2 after years of trying to get it off the ground.
The reboot aims to tell new stories for Frasier Crane, rather than repeating the old formula, despite pressure to do so.
To fix the divisive first season, however, the Frasier reboot season 2 should focus on highlighting Frasier's best traits and fixing his Harvard storyline.

Kelsey Grammer admits to feeling vindicated about their creative approach for the Frasier reboot now that it has been renewed for season 2. Aside from reprising his role as Frasier Crane, the actor is also involved in other aspects of the show by being an executive producer and director. For years, Grammer was trying to get the Frasier revival off the ground, and after several snafus, Paramount+ finally gave it a home. The first 10 episodes of Frasier's final act are now in the can, but Grammer always thought that there are more stories left to tell for his character .

With the Frasier reboot season 2 now officially confirmed, Grammer tells People that it wasn't easy waiting for the streamer's verdict on their future. That said, once the series was renewed, he felt vindicated over their decision to not do a repeat of the old show despite the pressure to pick up where they left off in 2004 and do the same thing. Read his full quote below:

There was a sense of, I'm trying to think of the right word, vindication. In my heart, I thought, 'I know we can do this and I know we can do it really well.' And I didn't want to do what some of the other shows had done, sort of come back and be the same show. I thought this all played exactly how it was meant to be. And Frasier's still alive, and he has a new story to tell and a new series of people to do it with, and it's been fantastic.

What Frasier Reboot Season 2 Needs To Do To Fix Its Divisive First Season

The reviews for the Frasier reboot season 1 were mostly divisive . Despite the popularity of reboots and revivals, it isn't easy to launch a modern take on a previously established show, let alone one that was both critically acclaimed and commercially successful. Despite having a titular character, the original Seattle show was more of an ensemble, with all its supporting characters getting their respective times under the spotlight. Given this, their absence in the Frasier reboot was felt throughout the project regardless of how hard it tried to make up for it.

With the Frasier reboot returning for season 2, however, it has the ability to make up for some of their previous lapses. For starters, Frasier's Harvard story as a guest lecturer didn't really work. The revival can only re-use the same problems that he usually gets into before the whole thing becomes stale. Secondly, the Frasier reboot also fails to highlight the character's best trait , which is his commitment to helping others. He did it in Cheers when he would randomly dole out advice, and again in Seattle, when he was a radio host.

Kelsey Grammer’s Deep-Cut Frasier Reboot Season 2 Dream Guest Would Solve Its Daphne Problem

Addressing these two glaring issues could better secure the Frasier revival's future beyond season 2. Grammer is right; they don't have to do a repeat of the Emerald City-based show to make its contemporary work. In any case, they also can't do that, since integral characters like Martin, Daphne, and Niles aren't around . That said, this doesn't mean that the Frasier reboot should ignore elements from the original series that worked.

The Frasier reboot season 1 can be streamed on Paramount+.

Source: People

Fraiser is a comedy-drama sitcom that stars Kelsey Grammer as a psychiatrist who takes up the role of a radio show host in Seattle after his life in Boston is upheaved. A spin-off of the series Cheers, Fraiser follows the titular character adjusting to the single life while caring for his father (a retired police officer,) his brother, and other eccentric co-workers. The series was brought back on Paramount+ for new seasons as a soft reboot in 2023.

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COMMENTS

5 Whys
The 5 Whys Technique is a problem-solving method involving repeatedly asking "why?" It's a way of quickly getting to the root cause of a situation. 2. Who Invented 5 Whys? The 5 Whys technique was invented in the 1930s by Sakichi Toyoda, the Japanese industrialist, inventor, and founder of Toyota Industries. ...
What is a 5 Whys? Step-by-Step Guide to Running a 5 Whys Exercise
The 5 Whys technique was developed and fine-tuned within the Toyota Motor Corporation as a critical component of its problem-solving training. ... Beyond Large-Scale Production as "the basis of Toyota's scientific approach . . . by repeating why five times, the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear. ...
Root Cause Analysis with 5 Whys Technique (With Examples)
In mastering the 5 Whys Technique as a problem-solving method, creating an environment that fosters open communication is paramount. When team members feel comfortable expressing their perspectives and insights, it leads to a more comprehensive exploration of the underlying causes of a problem. Encouraging open communication allows for diverse ...
How to Use the 5 Whys Technique for a Root Cause Analysis
Root cause analysis (RCA) is a common process for discovering the origin of a business problem. While there are many RCA problem-solving techniques, one popular and easy technique is the 5 Whys method. Performing a 5 Whys analysis is one of the most efficient ways to both discover the root cause of a problem and ensure that steps are taken to prevent it from happening again.
Guide: 5 Whys
The 5 Whys Problem-Solving technique is also useful for: Problem Prevention: By identifying the root cause of the problem, businesses can implement long-term solutions, leading to more robust systems and processes and prevent the problem reoccurring. Cost-Efficiency: Addressing root causes is often more cost-effective in the long run as it prevents recurrence and the associated costs of ...
The 5 Whys Analysis: How to Find The Cause of Crucial Problems
The 5 Whys is a popular problem-solving method that individuals and teams use to understand the potential causes of a specific issue. Years ago, Toyota developed the approach to help them get at the heart of complex mechanical issues, so you know it's legitimate! The technique is easy to use: you ask why a problem happened, and then you ask ...
5 Whys: A Powerful Problem-Solving Tool
The 5 Whys is a problem-solving technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationship that leads to a particular problem. The name derives from the method's frequent utilization of the question "Why?" This repeating question is used to determine the root cause of a problem by repeating why the problem occurs five times.
What is the 5 Whys framework?
The 5 Whys framework is a problem-solving technique used to identify the root cause of a problem. It's a simple but powerful way to uncover the underlying reasons behind a problem by asking the question "why" repeatedly. By doing so, you can delve beyond the symptoms and surface-level causes of a problem and reach the fundamental cause ...
The five whys method: how to unlock innovative ideas
The five whys root cause analysis is a problem-solving technique used to identify the causes of an issue by asking, "Why?" repeatedly. It aims to uncover factors contributing to a problem rather than addressing surface-level details. The process involves starting with a problem statement and asking "Why?" to understand the immediate cause.
Root Cause Analysis
The "5 Whys" is a simple problem-solving technique that helps you to get to the root of a problem quickly, which was originally developed by Sakichi Toyota. It was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the ...
The 5 Whys Approach for Root-Cause Analysis: Definition, Example, and
The 5 Whys Approach is a problem-solving technique that helps identify the root cause of an issue by asking "why" 5 times to dive deeper into the layers of the problem. The 5 Whys Approach is useful in all industries. A study published in the International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences shows how the 5 Whys ...
Five whys
Five whys (or 5 whys) is an iterative interrogative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem. ... It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System.
What Are "The 5 Whys" in Lean Six Sigma?
Tips for 5 Whys root cause analysis. This simple example illustrates two critical points about succeeding with 5 Whys root cause analysis. 1. Don't stop too soon. In the simple example, we could see that the engine overheated and decide that the solution is to increase the amount of coolant going to the engine.
The Power of the Five Whys: Drilling Down to Effectively Problem-Solve
The "Five Whys" is a technique commonly used in problem-solving to find the root causes of problems. This type of analysis can be applied to various situations, including within companies and relationships, to gain deeper insights and understandings of challenges and obstacles. The method involves "drilling down" by repeatedly asking ...
5 Whys Technique: Root Cause Analysis (With Examples)
Effective problem solving can help organizations improve in every area of their business, including product quality, client satisfaction and finances. The five whys method offers a simple, focused strategy for finding the root cause of a problem with minimal cost. In this article, we discuss what the five whys technique is and how to use it, plus share examples of businesses using the five ...
Clarifying the '5 Whys' Problem-Solving Method
To help lean thinkers apply this powerful approach to overcoming work obstacles, LEI Senior Advisor John Shook guides lean thinkers through a detailed exampl...
5 Whys. What it is, How it Works, Examples.
The term 5 Whys is a problem-solving technique developed by Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of Toyota Motor Corporation. It is a simple yet effective tool used to identify the root cause of a problem. The technique involves asking "why" five times in order to get to the root cause of the problem. The idea is that by asking "why" five times ...
How to use the 5 whys (With examples of problem solving)
While the 5 Whys is a helpful problem-solving tool, it does have some limitations, including: Can be time-consuming: To solve a complex problem, asking more than five questions might be necessary to get to the root cause. It can also take time to reconcile the different 5 Whys answers if a team implements the technique.
The True Power of the 5 Whys Technique
The 5 Whys Technique is a powerful problem-solving methodology designed to delve deep into the heart of an issue by iteratively asking "why" until the fundamental cause is unearthed. This method, originating from the Toyota Production System , has evolved into a cornerstone for various industries aiming to enhance efficiency and eliminate ...
PDF 5 Whys: Finding the Root Cause of a Problem
2) Define the problem or event in clear, plain language. 3) Define the problem as a pattern and not just as an isolated event. 4) Ask "why" five times (at least) until you get to the root cause of the problem. 5) Explore the best way to solve the problem and make the subsequent changes to the system to ensure it doesn't happen again.
Five Whys and Five Hows
Five Whys and Five Hows. Quality Glossary Definition: Five whys. The five whys and five hows techniques constitute a questioning process designed to drill down into the details of a problem or a solution and peel away the layers of symptoms.The technique was originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda who stated that "by repeating why five times, the nature of the problem as well as its solution ...
7 Problem Solving Skills That Aren't Just Buzzwords (+ Examples)
Collaboration. Having a growth mindset. In short, understanding, developing, and showcasing these skills, can greatly boost your chances at getting noticed by the hiring managers. So, don't hesitate and start working on your problem-solving skills right now! 0.
We are nowhere near solving the childcare conundrum
We are nowhere near solving the childcare conundrum. Then 739 kr. per month. Complete digital access to quality FT journalism on any device. Cancel anytime during your trial.
How Tesla Planted the Seeds for Its Own Potential Downfall
Featuring Mara Hvistendahl. Produced by Rikki Novetsky and Mooj Zadie. With Rachelle Bonja. Edited by Lisa Chow and Alexandra Leigh Young. Original music by Marion Lozano , Diane Wong , Elisheba ...
"Vindication": Kelsey Grammer Doubles Down On Frasier Reboot Not
Summary. Kelsey Grammer feels vindicated with the renewal of Frasier reboot season 2 after years of trying to get it off the ground. The reboot aims to tell new stories for Frasier Crane, rather than repeating the old formula, despite pressure to do so. To fix the divisive first season, however, the Frasier reboot season 2 should focus on ...

Getting to the Root of a Problem Quickly

5 Whys Root-Cause Analysis

Origins of the 5 Whys Technique

When to Use a 5 Whys Analysis

How to Use the 5 Whys

1. Assemble a Team

2. Define the Problem

3. Ask the First "Why?"

4. Ask "Why?" Four More Times

What Is a 5 Whys Template?

Figure 1: 5 Whys Example (Single Lane)

Figure 2: 5 Whys Example (Multiple Lanes)

Step 5. Know When to Stop

6. Address the Root Cause(s)

7. Monitor Your Measures

Appreciation

Tips for Using the 5 Whys Technique

Frequently Asked Questions About 5 Whys

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5 Whys Infographic

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What Is the 5 Whys Technique?

Case Study: Manufacturing Defects

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Step 1: Identify the Problem

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Why is the 5 Whys Important?

How to Conduct a 5 Whys Root Cause Analysis?

Step 2: Ask the First “Why?”

Step 3: Continue to Ask Why?

Step 4: Continue the Process

Step 5 Implement Solutions

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Step 1: State your problem

Step 2: Ask your first Why?

Step 3: Probe deeper with more Whys

Step 4: Unearth the root cause

Step 5: Develop and implement your solution

5 Whys in action: Real-world applications and examples

UX Design case study: Navigating user experience challenges

Software development: Debugging with precision

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